Cyber- Physical Systems have revolutionized the way people interact with engineered systems. They represent an intricate interplay between the physical and cyber domains. In this paper we first look at safety and security associated with a CPS. Security issues in Cyber Physical Systems based applications are of paramount importance due to the often safety- critical nature associated with them. A first step in understanding how to protect such systems requires an understanding of emergent weaknesses that are often overlooked during the implementation phase and design phase. This paper documents the potential threats that could cause disruption in the functioning of an Air Conditioner and programming fixes to resolve them.

Keyword : Cyber- Physical Systems, Safety, Security Attack, Threats, Vulnerability issues

[1]. Steven J. Templeton, Security Aspects Of Cyber-Physical Device Safety in Assistive EnvironmentsPETRA‟11, May 25-27, 2011,Crete,Greece.
[2]. Ayan Banerjee, Krishna K. Venkatasubramanian, Tridib Mukherjee, Sandeep Kumar S. Gupta, Ensuring Safety, Security, and Sustainability of Mission- Critical Cyber-Physical Systems, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, January 2012, vol.100.
[3]. ArashNourian and Stuart Madnick, "A Systems Theoretic Approach to the Security Threats in Cyber Physical Systems applied to
Stuxnet" IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, VOL. 15, NO.1, January/ February 2018

The morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of jute/Kevlar epoxy nanocomposites are depicted. 3mm thickened laminates made of jute and Kevlar layers were manufactured by utilizing montmorillonite (nanoclay) which is at 3wt% blended with the epoxy (matrix material) in the mechanical stirrer at the rate of 500 RPM amid creation. The laminates so acquired were exposed to the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis at a fixed recurrence of 1 Hz over a temperature scope of 30 – 180°C. The volume portion of fibers ran somewhere in the range of 0.21 and 0.25. The fortifying impact for the two fibers were in the substitute request for the laminates L2, L3 and L4 when contrasted with the laminate L1 comprising of jute layers. The laminates comprising of shifting layers of Kevlar demonstrated higher storage modulus...........

Keywords: Jute, Kevlar, montmorillonite, epoxy, storage modulus, loss modulus, tan delta, glass transition temperature

[1]. Hamdy Naguib, Effect of Fibre Loading on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of "Green" Bagasse–Polyester Composite, Journal of radiation research and applied science, Vol 8, Issue 4, 2015, 544-548.
[2]. L. Devi, S. Bhagawan, S. Thomas, Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre–Reinforced Polyester Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 64 (1997), pp. 1739-1748.
[3]. L. Mwaikambo, E. Bisanda, The Performance of Cotton/Kapok Fabric–Polyester Composites, polymer testing, 18 (3) (1999), pp. 181-198.
[4]. P. Roe, Jute Reinforced Polyester Composites, Journal of Materials Science, 20 (1985), pp. 4015-4020.
[5]. D.R.Mulinari, Mechanical Properties of Coconut Fibers Reinforced Polyester Composites, Procedia Engineering, Vol 10, 2011, Pages 2074-2079.

In most of the Educational/Industrial campuses, travel-ling from one department to another becomes a very hectic and time consuming task, as they are situated distance apart and using our personal vehicles just adds on to the pollution around the cam-pus. To cut off the pollution as well as reduce human efforts we have come up with an E-tricycle. This is totally Eco-Friendly. The purpose of this project is to introduce an E-tricycle that can be used as a mode of transport within the campus. Mainly, to as-sist/guide the new visitor to successfully reach the destination without misleading the path. The E-tricycle will be initially parked at the entrance of the campus gate and each cycle will have its spe-cific ID............

[1]. Daniel Dourte, David Sandberg, Tolu Ogundipe, "Electric Tricycle: Appropriate Mobility" 3rd conference on African development, Ota, Ogun state.
[2]. M. Reddi Sankar, T. Pushpaveni, V. Bhanu Prakash Reddy, Design and B.Development of Solar Assisted Bicycle" Interna-tional Journal of Scientific Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2013.
[3]. A.David, A.Adelaqun, E.Christie, A.Femi, "Electric Tricy-cle for Commercial Transportation", 3rd International Confer-ence on African Development, Issues (CU- ICADI 2016)
[4]. J. Anderson, C.D. Anderson," Electric and Hybrid Cars: A History McFarland Co.", London, UK (2005).
[5]. M. Callon, "The state and technical innovation: a case study of the electrical vehicle", France, Research Policy, 9 (1980), pp. 358376.

Considering modern era and Wide spread use of Internet Technology & Information Technology has given a new rise to dimension of communication today. This has cemented a new way for e-commerce, internet technology, e-solutions etc., which has led to reduction of costs. Many users of internet technology which are termed as cyber punks, crackers, hackers, have been able spread their roots to interfere with the internet accounts through various techniques of cyber-attacks and get admittance to the user's computer system and use that data to gain profits from stolen information. As Internet Technology is evolving with tremendous development in hardware sectors, internet alone can be used as a tool for betterment of a society or can be used as a tool to harm any individual/group/organization/nation..............

Keywords: Cyber Security, Cyber Law, Attacks, Hackers.

[1]. http://nciipc.gov.in/documents/NCIIPC_Guidelines_V2.pdf.
[2]. https://internetdemocracy.in/watchtower/
[3]. https://www.cert-in.org.in/
[4]. http://nciipc.gov.in/.
[5]. http://www.orfonline.org/expert-speaks/policing-cyber-crimes-need-for-national-cyber-crime-coordination-centre/

Analysis of crashworthy structures has been a primary realm of interest for many researchers for quite a few years now. The quest for a better energy absorbing structure has led researchers to carryout various analysis procedures experimentally and also by simulating the characteristics. This study presents an approach for the improvement of crashworthiness in thin walled stainless-steel tubes. The crashworthiness of saw dust filled and ribbed tubes are investigated by subjecting it to a quasi-static axial compression loading. The experimental results of circular cross section thin walled tubes are compared with that of square ones. The main objective is to provide a better energy absorbing structure which results in passive safety of the passengers.

Keywords: Crashworthiness, Energy absorption, Quasi-static test, Thin-walled structure.

[1]. Tarlochan F, Samer F, Hamouda A, Ramesh S and Khalid K 2013 Thin-Walled Structures 71 7-17.
[2]. Jianxun Du, and Peng Hao, Investigation on Microstructure of Beetle Elytra and Energy Absorption Properties of Bio-Inspired Honeycomb Thin-Walled Structure under Axial Dynamic Crushing, Nanomaterials (Basel). 2018 Sep; 8(9): 667.
[3]. Yang S, Qi C. Multi objective optimization for empty and foam-filled square columns under oblique impact loading. International Journal on Impact Engg. 2013; 54:177–191.
[4]. Zarei H R, Kroger M, Multi objective crash worthiness optimization of circular aluminum tubes. Thin-Walled Structures 2006;44:301–308.
[5]. Ciubotariu, Crashworthiness Improvement of Different Tubular Structures Using Tailor Welded Blanks, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 19(2): 578-582, 2013

With over exploitation of rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing need for the use of nonrenewable resources for fuel, Wind energy has been one of the most accepted source of new electricity generation and holds a major share in the renewable market. There has been extensive research done on large wind turbines and numerous onshore and offshore wind farms installed across the world. Along with the large turbines, the work on small turbines has also been considerable. This paper reviews the small wind turbine in terms of its performance, the material and on the aerodynamics of blade profiles.

[1]. Sandip Kale, Jagadeesh Hugar, "Static Strength Design of Small Wind Turbine Blade Using Finite Element Analysis and Testing," Proceedings of the ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, pp. 1-4, November 2015.
[2]. Ganesh Bapurao Taware, Sham H. Mankar, Bharambe G. P., Sandip A Kale, "Vibration Analysis of a Small Wind Turbine Blade," International Journal of Engineering and Technology, pp. 2121-2126, October 2016.
[3]. M. Sahin, C. Amer, "Structural Analysis of a Composite Wind Turbine Blade," International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 1264-1270, 2014.
[4]. Sanaa El Mouhsine, Karim Oukassou, Mohammed MarouanIchenial, BousselhamKharbouch, AbderrahmaneHajraoui, ''Aerodynamics and structural analysis of wind turbine blade,'' Procedia Manufacturing, pp. 747–756, 2018.
[5]. Senthil Kumar, Krishnan. A.S, and Vijayanandh. R, "Vibrational Fatigue Analysis of NACA 63215 Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine blade," Materials Today: Proceedings, pp. 6665–6674, 2018.

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is a critical problem for power generation and is generally non-convex. This paper mainly focuses on the tree topology of the distribution networks. It studies the two-bus network with fixed and variable voltage magnitudes. Simulation has been done in Matlab. The result shows that the OPF problem can be treated as a convex problem if one or more voltage magnitudes is fixed in a two-bus network.

Keywords: Index Terms—convex optimization, OPF, tree networks

[1]. M. Huneault and F. Galiana, ―A survey of the optimal power flow literature,‖IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.6, no.2, pp.762-770, 1991.
[2]. Z. Qiu, G. Deconinck, and R. Belmans, ―A Literature Survey of Optimal Power Flow Problems in the Electricity Market Context,‖ in Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2009.PSCE '09. IEEE/PES, March 2009, pp. 1–6.
[3]. R. Zimmerman, C. Murillo-Sanchez, and R. Thomas, ―MATPOWER:
[4]. Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education,‖ IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, no. 99, pp. 1–8, 2011.
[5]. B. Stott, J. Jardim, and O. Alsac, ―DC power flow revisited,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1290–1300, Aug. 2009.

The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey of various optimization methods used to solve OPF problems.This paper is concerned with the minimum cost flow problem over an arbitrary flow network. Each node is, associated with some possibly unknown injection, each line has two unknown flows at its ends related to each other via a nonlinear function, and all injections and flows need to satisfy certain box constraints. This problem, named (GNF), due to its nonlinear equality constraints. Under the assumption of monotonicity and convexity of the flow and cost functions, a convex relaxation is proposed A primary application of this work is in optimization over power networks. Recent work on the (OPF) problem has shown that this non-convex problem can be solved efficiently using (SDP) after two approximations.........

Keywords : Optimal power flow, lossynetwork, power distribution network. convex optimization, Semidefinite programming (SDP) method, convex relaxation, global optimization.

[1]. J. A. Momoh, M. E. El-Hawary, and R. Adapa, "A review of selected optimal power flow literature to 1993. part i: Nonlinear and quadratic programming approaches," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999
[2]. "A review of selected optimal power flow literature to 1993. part ii: Newton, linear programming and interior point methods," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999.
[3]. I. A. Hiskens and R. J. Davy, "Exploring the power flow solution space boundary," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 389–395, 2001.
[4]. T. J. Overbye, X. Cheng, and Y. Sun, "A comparison of the AC and DC power flow models for LMP calculations," in Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004.
[5]. R. Baldick, Applied Optimization: Formulation and Algorithms for Engineering Systems. Cambridge, 2006.

H-1B Visa in United States allows employers to employ foreign skilled workers in specialty occupations. This paper addresses the approach to analyze the effect of different attributes in determining the success of the petition and study the different trends in the scenario. We also aim to predict the outcome of a given petition based on various attributes such as employer name, soc_name, wages, filing year and the worksite. As the H-1B visa category is one of the highly coveted ones, this approach can be used by both the individual and the employer in between applying for the visa and getting the final decision to be informed of the outcome before it occurs.

Keywords- H-1B Visa, Data analysis, Data visualizations, Data preprocessing, Data mining.

[1]. "H-1B Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 Cap Season," USCIS. [Online]. Available:https://www.uscis.gov/working-united-states/temporaryworkers/ h-1b-specialty-occupationsand-fashion-models/h-1b-fiscal-year-fy-2018-cap-season. [Accessed: 20-Oct-2017].
[2]. "High-skilled visa applications hit record high," CNNMoney. [Online].Available:http://money.cnn.com/2016/04/12/technology/h1b-cap-visa-fy-2017/index.html. [Accessed: 20-Oct-2017].
[3]. "Using Text Analysis To Predict H-1B Wages," The Official Blog of BigML.com, 01-Oct2013. [Online]. Available: https://blog.bigml.com/2013/10/01/using-text-analysisto-predict-H-1B-wages/.[Accessed:20-Oct-2017].

Load Balancing is a common feature used in distributed systems to distribute workload on multiple servers. A wide range of load balancing algorithms have been used to implement this concept. There exists algorithms like Round Robin, Min-Min etc which have been tried and tested. This paper aims to summarize the pros and cons of these commonly used algorithms.

Keywords: Load Balancing, Cloud Computing, Distributed Systems, Genetic Algorithm, Comparison

[1]. Mahitha.O,Suma. V,"Deadlock Avoidance through Efficient Load Balancing to Control Disaster in Cloud Environment",4th ICCCNT 2013
[2]. SukhveerKaur, Japinder Singh, Krishan Kumar, Navtej Singh Ghumman ,"Round-Robin Based Load Balancing in Software Defined Networking",2nd InternationalConference on Computing for SustainableGlobal Development(INDIACom),2015
[3]. Md. ShahjahanKabir, Kh. MohaimenulKabir , Dr. RabiulIslam,"Process of Load Balancing in Cloud Computing Using Genetic Algorithm", Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 2, June 2015
[4]. S M S Suntharam," Load Balancing By Max-Min Algorithm in Private Cloud Environment", International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR),2015.
[5]. Shaym Singh Rajput and Virendra Singh Kushwah, "A Genetic based Improved Load Balanced Min-Min Task Scheduling Algorithm for Load Balancing in Cloud Computing",8th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, 2016