Silicon Photonics is a relatively new field with the goal of developing silicon based optical devices. This approach appears to be very enticing due to multiple reasons including the large established silicon fabrication infrastructure and the relatively low cost and high abundance of this material [1]. The future of IC industry depends upon the speed and bandwidth requirements, but in metallic interconnections we have constraints on speed as well as bandwidth. This paper reviews the growth of silicon photonics compared to last few years and a promising future of photonics...........

Keyword : Integrated waveguide, Optical Isolator and Circulator, Optical Tranreceiver, Silicon-on-Insulator, Tunable laser

[1]. Ashish Diman,"Silicon Photonics: A Review", e-ISSN: 2278-4861. Volume 3, Issue 5 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 67-79
[2]. Http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2010/20100727comp_s m.htm
[3]. Rong, H.; Jones, R.; Liu, A.; Cohen, O.; Hak, D.; Fang, A Paniccia, M. Nature (London, U.K.) 2005, 433, 725–728.
[4]. Fang, A.W.; Park, H.; Cohen, O.; Jones, R.; Paniccia, M.J. Bowers, J.E. Opt. Express 2006, 14, 9203–9210.
[5]. Liu, A.; Jones, R.; Liao, L.; Samara-Rubio, D.; Rubin, D. Cohen, O.; Nicolaescu, R.; Paniccia, M. Nature (London, U.K.) 2004, 427, 615–618.

Brain Computer Interfacing is newly developed field of neuroscience and computer science. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a System that provides a non-muscular communication between men and machines. Communication with BCI is done without the use of language or without controlling the computer manually with body parts. Brain signals can be recorded in either passive of invasive manner where the invasive will required a surgical intervention. Brain signals are recoded by the means EEG are employed to control external devices (robots) for providing extra input for human functions. This study involves the methods that used in recording the brain signals as well as the methodology required to operate the brain computer interface system.

Keywords : Deep learning, Brain waves, Motor imaginary (MI), Motor execution (ME), near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

[1]. Ludovico Minat, Natsue Yoshimura, And Yasuharu Koike, Hybrid Control of a Vision-Guided Robot Arm by EOG, EMG, EEG Biosignals and Head Movement Acquired via a Consumer-Grade Wearable Device, 2169-3536 2017 IEEE.
[2]. Ahmed Maksud, Rakibul Islam Chowdhury, Tanima Tasmin Chowdhury, Shaikh Anowarul Fattah, Celia Shahanaz, Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury, Low-cost EEG Based Electric Wheelchair with Advanced Control Features, 978-1-5090-1134-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE.
[3]. Suprijanto, M. H. Rezi. A, Widyotriatmo, Arjon Turnip, Evaluation of Stimulation Scheme for Mu Rhythm Based - Brain Computer Interface User, 978-1-4673-5798-2/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE.
[4]. Vaibhav S. Gandhi and Thomas-Martin McGinnity, Quantum Neural Network based surface EMG signal filtering for control of Robotic Hand, Peer reviewing article, IEEE.
[5]. Giusepped'Aloja, PaoloLino, BrunoMaione, AlessandroRizzo, Nonlinear Modeling of Brain Motor Waves via Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, 0-7803-9568-9/05/$20.00©2005 IEEE.

Wide utilization of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is one of the most promising tendencies of modern lighting technologies. Implementation of LEDs ensures high efficacy of luminaries, lower power losses and, when equipped with dimmable power supplies, provides also improved. Utilization of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in lighting system has the features of energy efficiency and smart support for control. It is possible to effectively dim light of LED lamps with no negative impact on LEDs.Being able to adjust the light source means to create the perfect atmosphere anytime. The convenient and flexible lighting of dimmable LED allows setting the warm, bright, dim and cozy state of light. The LED dimmer based on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) with the Smart control is proposed. The Arduino UNO is used to provide the smart support for wire and wireless control. The LED dimmer warm glow dimming effect offer a new experience for Table Lamp with dimmable LEDs. The gradual dimming feature enables light levels to dim to warm tones of traditional bulbs.

[1]. Ilya Galkin, Lauris Bisenieks, Alexander Suzdalenko," Impact of Pulse Modulation Method of LED dimmer for street lighting on its efficiency", Proceedings of the 4th European DSP in Education and Research Conference, 2010 p.p. 160-164 . DOI: 10.1109/EPEPEMC.2012.6397364
[2]. Ilya Galkin, Ansis Avotins, Alexander Suzdalenko, "LED dimmer as the versatile platform for practical exercise in Power Electronics and control courses", Proceeding of the 2011-14th European Conference on Power Electronics and applications,2011.p.p 1-9.
[3]. Apse-Apsitis, P.; Avotins, A.; Ribickis, L., "Wirelessly Controlled LED Lightning System", Proceeding of the Energy Conference and Exhibition,2012.p.p 952-956.DOI: 10.1109/EnergyCon.2012.6348287

Water pollution is one of the biggest fears for the green globalization. In order to ensure the safe supply of the drinking water, the quality needs to be monitor in real time. This project presents a reconfigurable smart sensor interface device for water quality monitoring system in an IOT environment. The smart WQM system consists of Arduino Uno R3, sensors, ESP8266EX WiFi module, CC2500 RF transceiver and android mobile. The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other microcontroller platforms tool. The proposed WQM system collects the four parameters of water data such as water pH, water level, turbidity and water temperature in parallel and in
real time basis with high speed from multiple different sensor nodes............

Keywords: Arduino UNO R3, ESP8266EX WiFi module.

[1]. Jing,M., "The Design of Wireless Remote Monitoring System of Water Supply Based on GPRS", Computer Science and Society (ISCCS), 2011 International Symposium on, Kota Kinabalu, 2011, pp. 29-31.
[2]. Purohit,A and Gokhale,U., "Real Time Water Quality Measurement System based on GSM", IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE), vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 63-67, May - Jun. 2014.
[3]. Beri,N,N., "Wireless Sensor Network Based System Design for Chemical Parameter Monitoring in Water", International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Soft Computing Science and Engineering, vol. 3, no. 6
[4]. Hsia,S,C.; Hsu,S,W.; Chang,Y,J., "Remote monitoring and smart sensing for water meter system and leakage detection", IET Wireless Sensor Syst., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 402-408, Dec. 2012.
[5]. Chi,Q.; Yan,H.; Zhang,C.; Pang,Z.; Xu,L,D., "A Reconfigurable Smart Sensor Interface for Industrial WSN in IoT Environment", in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1417-1425, May 2014.

The high demand of wide bandwidth, high channel capacity and high data rate in wireless communication is achieved with the help of MIMO Antennas. The level of performance of the MIMO antenna is very high and steep if represented graphically but due to the use of many antennas the issue of mutual coupling exists which deteriorates the performance of MIMO antennas. The problem of multipath propagation can be solved using MIMO systems. Here in this paper we discussed the various types of monopole, fractal and hybrid antennas which can be chosen to make a MIMO system. The requirements such as high bandwidth, high data rate, omnidirectional characteristics, etc are achieved with the various types and designs of the antennas.

Keywords : High data rate, multiple input multiple output (MIMO), mutual coupling.

[1]. Chun-Xu Mao, Qing-Xin Chu, senior member, IEEE, 'A Compact Co-radiator UWB-MIMO Antenna with Dual Polarization',2014.
[2]. Ali J. Salim,Raad S. Fyath, Adil H. Ahmad and Jawad K. Ali, 'A New Fractal Based PIFA Antenna Design for Dual Band WLAN Applications', 2012.
[3]. M. Jusoh, M.F. Jamlos, M.R. Kamarudin and F. Malek, 'A MIMO Antenna Design challenges for UWB Application', 2012.
[4]. najam, Y. Duroc and S. Tedjni, 'A UWB-MIMO Antenna with Novel Stub Structure', 2011.
[5]. Sajad Mohammad Ali Nezhad and Hamid Reza Hassani, 'A Novel Triband E-shaped Printed Monopole Antenna for MIMO Application', 2010.

To transfer the super high definition images, the high speed optical networks are used in digital cinema projection.. The TV market is moving rapidly towards high-definition television, HDTV. HDTV provides up to five times higher resolution and twice the linear resolution compared with traditional, analog TV. In digital cinema projection, the terms 2K and 4K indicate the image resolution that is projected onto the screen. 4K indicates that there are close to 4000 pixel columns that can be projected onto the screen. The total pixel count is actually 4 times higher than that in 2K After 4K, 8K UHD resolution can be considered the new challenge for film, visualization and television. Present day transfer services recommend high-definition (HD) quality video...........

Keywords: - FHD, HD, HDTV, 8K, Super Hi-vision.

[1]. http://smartgadgetshub.com/what-is-4k-uhd-qfhd-fhd-and-hd/
[2]. 4k-8k-16k –Stewart –is- there white paper june 2016.pdf
[3]. https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreview/trev_2008-Q2_nhk-ultra-hd.pdf
[4]. https://www.cepro.com/article/4k_8k_16k_are_you_ready_for_the_resolution_evolution
[5]. https://www.google.com.

In modern days with the increase of social networking mediums so many digital images are uploaded every day to access this very large image collection New technology introduced that is the Content Based Image Retrieval which is Image mining system. Due to the enormous increase in image database sizes as well as its vast deployment in various applications, the need for CBIR development arose. The need to find a desired image from a large collection is shared by many professional groups, including journalists, design engineers and art historians. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is an important research area for manipulating large amount of image databases and archives. CBIR implements retrieval based on the similarities described in terms of extracted features with more goodness............

Keywords - CBIR, Haar Wavelet, Color moment, Canberra distance.

[1]. Smart Computing Review, vol. 3, no. 3, June 2013.
[2]. Shu-Ching Chen, Senior Member, IEEE, Stuart H. Rubin, Senior Member, IEEE, Mei-Ling Shyu, Senior Member, IEEE, and Chengcui Zhang, Member, IEEE ―A Dynamic User Concept Pattern Learning Framework for Content-Based Image Retrieval‖- Applications and Reviews,vol.36.november 2006.
[3]. Dr.H.B.Kekre, Sudeep D. Thepade and Akshay Maloo ―Query by Image Content using Color-Texture Features Extracted from Haar Wavelet Pyramid‖ IJCA Special Issue on ―Computer Aided Soft Computing Techniques for Imaging and Biomedical Applications‖ CASCT, 2010.
[4]. Simardeep Kaur and Dr. Vijay Kumar Banga ―Content Based Image Retrieval: Survey and Comparison between RGB and HSV model‖ International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013.
[5]. Henning Muller, Wolfgang Muller , David McG. Squire, St_ephane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun "Performance Evaluation in Content based image retrieval: overview and proposal‖ Computer vision group university of Geneva.

This paper presents simulation results for broadband stacked circular microstrip antenna. The centre frequency chosen for the antenna design is 2.1 GHz. FR4 and air is used as substrate. Single circular patch is simulated using FR4 as substrate, which gives bandwidth of around 2.4%. Patch with same dimensions is simulated at a height h = 5mm using air as substrate, which gives increased bandwidth and gain. One bottom one top (1B1T) configuration gives higher bandwidth and gain of approximately 16.67% and 10.1dBi respectively.

Keywords- Bandwidth, Electromagnetically coupled, Gain.

[1]. G. Kumar and K P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, Norwood, MA Artech house, 2003.
[2]. Mahendra B. Nile, Sqn Ldr A.A. Rasheed and Girish Kumar, "Broadband gap-coupled semicircular and triangular Microstrip Antenna", IEEE. Antenna and propagation Society international symposium, Volume.2 Issue June 1994.
[3]. S. Ali Malekabadi, Amir R. Attari and Mir M. Mirsalehi, "Compact Broadband Microstrip Antenna Using Two Semicircular Gap- Coupled Resonators", IEEE. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Volume.4, Issue 27 June 2008.
[4]. Biju Balakrishnan and Girish Kumar, "Wide band and high gain electromagnetically coupled CMSA", IEEE. Antenna and propagation, Volume.4, Issue 1998.
[5]. V Srinivasa Rao1, Vipin W. Paradkar, DR Jahagirdar1 and Girish Kumar, "Wideband Broad Beam Width Circularly Polarized Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna with RF Switch for Data Link Application", 2015 IEEE International Microwave and RF Conference (IMaRC), Volume.4, Issue 2015.

In image analysis mixed pixel problem is common. The composition of the various object in a single pixel makes identification of genuine class more difficult. Subpixel algorithms give the better idea about the respective class of such pixels. The subpixel mapping method is varies depending on the type of image. In Panchromatic or multispectral images the data set is very less as compared to the hyperspectral image. A hyperspectral image contains contiguous bands. Each band is very narrow with few nanometer bandwidths. More than a hundred such band are available in the hyperspectral image. This huge data set is very difficult for the typical neural network to process...........

Keywords - CNN, HSI,Spectral Unmixing, Subpixel mapping , Backpropagation.

[1]. Tianmei Guo, Jiwen Dong, Henjian Li, Yunxing Gao, "Simple Convolutional Neural Network on Image Classification", 2nd IEEE International Conference on Big data Analysis, 2017.
[2]. Koen C. Mertens,Lieven P.C. Verbeke, Toon Westra, "Sub-pixel mapping and sub-pixel sharpening using neural network predicted wavelet coefficients" Remote Sensing of Environment, Elsevier 2004.
[3]. Liangpei Zhang, KE Wu, Yanfei Zhong, Pingxizng Li "A new sub-pixel mapping algorithm based on a BP neural network woth an obervation model." Neurocomputing, Elsevier 2008.
[4]. Xiaodong Li,Yun Du, Feng Ling "Using a sub-pixel mapping model to improve the accuracy of landscape pattern indices" Ecological Indicators Elsevier 2011.
[5]. Qunming Wang,Wenzhong Shi,Peter M. Atkinson "Sub-pixel mapping of remote sensing images based on radial basis function interpolation" ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and remote Sensing,2013.

A general framework for securing medical devices supported wireless channel observation and anomaly detection. Our proposal is predicated on a medical security monitor (Med Mon) that investigate on all the radio-frequency wireless communications to/from medical devices and uses multi-layered anomaly detection to spot probably malicious transactions. Upon detection of malicious dealings, Med Mon takes applicable response actions. A key good thing about Med Mon is that it's applicable to existing medical devices that area unit in use by patients, with no hardware or computer code modifications to them..............

Keywords- WSN, BAN, Anomaly, medical monitoring, zigbee protocol

[1]. S. Hartalkar and V. Bale, Secured and efficient data sensing for medical based body area network, IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 13(4), 2018
[2]. Zhang, Meng, A Raghunathan, and N. Jha, MedMon: Securing medical devices through wireless monitoring and anomaly detection, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 7(6), 2013, 871-881.
[3]. Review on Security of Medical Devices International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2016
[4]. Halperin, Daniel, et al. "Pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibril-lators: Software radio attacks and zero-power defenses", IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2008.
[5]. Insulin pumps - global pipeline analysis, opportunity assessment and market forecasts to 2016, globaldata. Global Data (2010).

This paper presents high gain wide bandwidth circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna using reactive impedance surface (RIS) and Fabry Perot Cavity (FPC) resonator. A suspended CP microstrip antenna (MSA) is fabricated on FR4 substrate and placed 1.5 mm above ground plane. A RIS consisting of 7×7 array of 4 mm square patches with inter-element spacing of 1 mm is fabricated on the bottom side of FR4 substrate. RIS backed substrate improves impedance matching, bandwidth, gain and efficiency of antenna. This CP MSA is placed in a FPC resonator to enhance the gain of the antenna. 1×1 to 5×5 array of square parasitic patches are fabricated on a FR4 superstrate to form the partially reflecting surface (PRS) of FPC. The PRS is placed at about λ0/2 from ground plane. MSA is fed by a 50 Ω coaxial probe. Axial ratio < 3 dB is obtained over 5.725 - 5.875 GHz ISM WLAN frequency band.............

Keywords - High Gain, Circular Polarization, MSA, PRS, Reactive Impedance Surface, Directive Antenna.

[1] D. M. Pozar and D. H. Schaubert, Microstrip Antennas: The Analysis and Design of Microstrip Antennas and Arrays, John Wiley and sons Inc. USA, 1995..
[2] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory and Design, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and sons Inc. USA, 2005.
[3] G.Kumar and K.P.Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, Norwood, MA Artech House, 2003.
[4] Rod Waterhouse, Microstrip Antenna Design- A Designer's Guide,kluwer Academic Publisher.
[5] Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bartia, Inder Bahl, Apisak Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, 2001, pp 1-68, 253-316, Artech House Inc. Norwood, MA..

Free space optic (FSO) is communication system that uses a light for carrying the information and to exchange data between to or more points. Free-Space Optics (FSO) is a line-of-sight technology that uses lasers to provide optical bandwidth connections. FSO is capable of data, voice and video communications through the air, allowing optical connectivity without requiring fiber-optic cable or securing spectrum licenses. The transmission of FSO is mainly dependent on the medium because the presence of forgein elements like rain, fog and have are the some of these factors. In this paper, the weather conditions& techniques employed to mitigate their effect are discussed in this paper.

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