Industrial products of mixture can be achieved by two methods static and dynamic methods. In Dynamic method two liquids are filled in an agitating tank for mixing. Where in static method two or more fluids are passed through one common pipe section. There are various types of mixers available which can be distinguished by its use and geometry, such as Lightnin Static mixer (LSM), Kenics Static Mixer (KSM), Modified Kenics Static Mixer MKSM, Sulzer Viscus Mixer (SMV)This work focuses on study of Lightnin Static Mixer (LSM). One particular set of Lightnin mixer is comprised of 12 elements, which are modelled and analysed using Ansys software. The validation of research is carried out by using simulated results of Z factor by using Reynolds numbers range varying between 0.1 to 100. Based on MKSM.............

Keyword : Static Mixer, MKSM, MLSM, Z-factor, classical theory of mixing.

[1]. R. K. THAKUR, "STATIC MIXERS IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES," vol. Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2003.
[2]. M. H. a. P. A. Tanguy, "Helical Flows and Chaotic Mixing in Curved Micro Channels.," 2004.
[3]. V. S. K. N. 2. Vimal Kumar, "Performance of Kenics static mixer over a wide range of Reynolds number," 2008.
[4]. Fourcade, "CFD calculation of laminar striation thinning in static mixer reactors," 2001.
[5]. R. K. Rahmani, "Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation and Performance Study of an Industrial Helical Static Mixer"," 2005

The aim of this research paper is to focus on different tool material, profiles and pre/post treatments used in friction stir welding. Tool materials used in this study are hot die steel, AISI H 13 tool steel, tool steel, hard material cemented carbide, hot working alloy steel, high speed steel, high carbon high chromium steel, die steel, high carbon steel, tempered high carbon steel, quenched and tempered steel, TiAIN - coated HSS-Steel tool, and tungsten carbide. Different profile and dimensions tools are viewed. The review is done along with the pre/post treatments. These treatments are ARB (Accumulative Roll-Bonding), mechanical powder mixing, retrogression and retrogression & reaging (RRA), use of high-power diode laser arrays for pre-and post-weld heating during FSW, annealing at 400°C for 2 hours before welding, isothermal ageing, solution heat treatment and immediately pouring of water. Introducing the shielding gas around the tool, ultrasonic assisted aging are also discussed................

Keywords: Characterization of microstructural and mechanical properties, friction stir welding, pre/post treatments, tool material, tool profile.

[1]. ELISEEV Alexander, TARASOV Sergei, FORTUNA Sergei, RUBTSOV Valery, KALASHNIKOVA Tatiana, Effect of ultrasonic application during friction stir welding on microstructure and properties of AA2024 fixed joints, Key engineering materials Vol. 683, 2016, pp. 227-231.
[2]. S.Y. Tarasov, V.E. Rubtsov, S.V. Fortuna, A.A. Eliseev, A.V. Chumaevsky, Ultrasonic-assisted aging in friction stir welding on Al- Cu-Li-Mg aluminium alloy, International institute of welding, Springer, 2017.
[3]. B. Malard, F.De. Geuser, A. Deschamps, Microstructure distribution in an AA 2050 T34 friction stir weld and its evolution during post-welding heat treatment, OATAO, Id- 16698, 2016.
[4]. N.T. Kumbhar, G.K. Day and K. Bhanumurthy, Friction stir welding of Aluminium Alloy, BARC Newsletter, Issue No-321, July- August 2011, pp.11-17.
[5]. Mostafa. S.S. El-Deeb, S.A. Khodir, Sayed A. Abdalah, A.M. Gaafer and T.S. Mahmoud, Effect of friction stir welding process parameters and post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 6061-O aluminum alloys, Journal of American Science, 2016, 12 (11),pp. 106-115.

The characteristics of Ballbot are a self-balanced and Omni-directional mobility robot. The Ballbot is self-balanced on a single ball with only one contact point with the ground. In this work, a Ballbot system is designed for the dynamical model in order to develop a linearized model which describes the dynamics of the system by a simpler set of equations. Due to the complex dynamic behaviour of the system, the equations of motion are derived using the Lagrangian method. It consists of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE). Furthermore, this research proposes the dynamics of the Ballbot with the Euler-Lagrangian formulations in order to develop the model in terms of the system's physical parameters without resorting to the numeric solution. A Characteristic of developed mathematical framework....................

Keywords : Ballbot, Ball balancing robot, Kalman Filter, Lagrangian Method, Linear Quadratic Regulator- LQR, Proportional Integral Derivative-PID.

[ 1 ] . Enric o Pellegrini, TUM Tech. Rep. Auto. Cont., "3D-Modeling of a Robot Balancing on a Ball", Vol.-TRAC-6, August 2011.
[ 2 ] . Fankhauser, Péter, Swiss federal institute of technology Zurich, "Modeling and Control of a Ballbot", ETH library, 2010.
[ 3 ] . H. Ghariblu, Applied Mathematical Modelling 39, "A new mobile ball robot-dynamic modeling and simulation", 3103–3115, 2015.
[ 4 ] . Andrea Bonci, IEEE, "New Dynamic Model For A Ballbot System", 9978-1-5090-6190, April 2015.
[ 5 ] . Ali Nail ˙INAL, vol. 1,(San Francisco, CA), "3d Dynamic Modeling Of A Spherical Wheeled Self-Balancing Mobile Robot", pp. 420–427, April 2000.

Computer aided design (CAD) technologies has become an important tool for efficient new product modeling. CAD involves creating computer models defined by geometrical parameters, using AutoCAD and SolidWorks. CAD systems enable designers to view objects under a wide variety of representations and to test these objects by simulating real-world conditions. The main aim of this paper is to study the advantages and disadvantages of Two Dimensional (2D) and Three Dimensional (3D) modeling using AutoCAD and SolidWorks Software respectively. For this the Block-to-Spring fixture (Assembly-fixture) of switchgear manufacturing firm is selected for study.

Keywords: CAD, 2D, 3D, AutoCAD, SolidWorks.

[1]. Rohit Pandey, Arvind Singh Tomar& Nishant Sharma, "A Recent Role of CAD/CAM in Designing, Developing and Manufacturing in Modern Manufacturing Technologies", Vol-2, Issue-3 , 2016 ISSN : 2454-1362
[2]. Hongyi Sun and Yangyangzhao, "The empirical relationship between quality management and the speed of new product development", Total quality management vol.21, No.4, April 2010, 351-361
[3]. Francis E. H. Tay J. Gu, "A methodology for evolutionary product design", Engineering with computers (2003) 19: 160-173
[4]. Ting-kuopeng and AMY J. C. Trappey, "CAD-integrated Engineering- data- management system for spring design", Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing, vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 271-281..

There has been a lot of experimental, analytical and computational work carried out in field of robotic systems for quadcopter-UAV in the last two decades. In the recent times, focus has shifted to analytical solutions particularly to ensure balancing and accurate trajectory control in quadcopters with a need for better accuracy. The developed models are simulated and simplified and even improvised using an appropriate software tool. MATLAB is very popularly used for analysis and validation of the models developed. The modeling of such systems was done based on first principles of kinematics and dynamics. Specifically, a large tracking error is produced in the quadcopter system due to the external disturbances, which poses problems in controller design. Hence, in this work, firstly kinematics is framed from a different perspective. This is followed by an effective use of Jacobi method to derive equations with respect to the body frame of reference and inertial frame of reference. Solutions have been obtained for important parameters such as linear acceleration, angular acceleration and torque.

Keywords : Quadcopter, Control, Mathematical modeling, Newton-Euler method, Inertia frame, Body frame.

[1]. Anežka Chovancová, Procedia Engineering, "Mathematical Modelling and Parameter Identification of Quadrotor", 96(2014) 172 – 181.
[2]. Pengcheng Wang, IEEE, 978-1-5090-5346, "Dynamics Modelling and Linear Control of Quadcopter", 2016.
[3]. Petar Piljek, IEEE, 14(1), "Mathematical Modelling Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles With Four Rotors", 88-100, 2016.
[4]. Omar I. Dallal Bashi1, W. Z. Wan Hasan1, N. Azis1, S. Shafie2, and Hiroaki Wagatsuma3, "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Quadcopter: A Review", Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, Vol. 14, 5663–5675, 2017
[5]. Francesco Sabatino, "Quadrotor Control: Modeling, Nonlinear Control Design, And Simulation", International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, 7(3):419–428, 2009.

Most critical issue in the advancing world is energy. Crude oil prices are touching skies and sources getting depleting day by day. Thus it's a need to hunt for alternative energy sources. Out of many biogas is one of such alternative sources which hold much potential of changing today's world energy scenario. The problem with biogas is lower concentration of methane. Many methods have been developed for scrubbing biogas of H2S and CO2.But they are useful only on large scales and investment and complexities are also greater. In our project we tried to scrub biogas at lower cost using simple method, no doubt economically. The results we obtained are enthusiastic and will certainly promote use of method we developed on domestic as well as
commercial scales.

Keywords: - Alternative fuel, Biogas, Scrubbers.

[1]. Nguyen Trung Thanh. Amine-bearing activated rice husk ash for CO2 and H2S gas removals from biogas. KKU Engineering Journal. Vol 43(S3), 2016, pp 396 – 398.
[2]. Jan CEBULA. Biogas Purification by Sorption Techniques. Architecture Civil Engineering Environment,Vol2,2009,pp.95-103.
[3]. Divyang Shah and Hemant Nagarseth. Low Cost Biogas Purification System for Application Of Bio CNG As Fuel For Automobile Engines. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 6,2015, pp.308-312.
[4]. J.I Eze and Agbo K.E. Maximizing the potentials of biogas through upgrading. American Journal of Scientific andIndustrial Research. Vol: 1(3), 2010, pp 604–609.
[5]. Divyang R. Shah and Hemant J. Nagarsheth. Biogas Up Gradation using Water Scrubbingfor its use in Vehicular Applications . International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 2, Issue 6, 2015.

In the cut-throat technologies, Mechanical system development includes many disciplines for design, development and enhancement of the end product. Machining processes is one of the disciplines used to remove unwanted part from the desired one. Milling, turning, drilling, grinding, shaping, boring etc. are some of the machining processes out of which drilling contributes maximum percentage while developing mechanical parts. These operations are characterized in terms of cutting speed, feed rate, cutting time, thrust force, torque, MRR etc. to obtain desired results. Hence there is need of optimizing these parameters by using a proper technique or method to get quality and productivity which are equally important in analysis of any process. Taguchi methods are widely used for design of experiments and analysis of experimental data for the optimization of processing conditions. In this paper, a comprehensive and in-depth review on optimization of drilling parameters using Taguchi method is carried out.

Keywords - Drilling, MRR, ANOVA, Taguchi Method.

[1]. Rahul Bhole, R.S. Shelke, "Optimization of Drilling Process Parameters for AISI 306L by Using Taguchi Method." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering & Technology, 2016, Volume- 2, Issue-4, ISSN 2395-1990.
[2]. Vignesh V., Sasikumar R., Rajkumar R., "Optimization of Drilling Parameters for Minimum Surface Roughness Using Taguchi Method in 7075 Alloy." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Vol. 3, Issue- 4, 2017, ISSN: 2454-1362.
[3]. M. Sundeep, M. Sudhahar, "Optimization of Drilling Parameters on Austenitic Stainless Steel (AISI316) Using Taguchi Methodology." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Robotics Research, October- 2014, Volume- 3, ISSN: 2278- 0149
[4]. Parminderjeet Singh, Kmaljeet Bhambri, "Optimization of Process Parameters of AISI D3 Steel with Abrasive Assisted Drilling." IRJET, Volume- 03, Issue- 04, April 2016, ISSN: 2395-0056.
[5]. Nisha Tamta, R.S. Jadoun, "Parametric Optimization of Drilling Machining Process for Surface Roughness on Aluminium Alloy 6082 Using Taguchi Method." SSRG-IJME, Vol. - 2, Issue-2, July- 2015.

For any business to be globally competitive, there are two essential and integral criteria - cost and quality. Worldwide trade has uncontrollable growth rates due to highly significant working factors and strategies. The era of quality control is over, the new era is about New Product Development (NPD) considering overall quality, efficiency, features, after sales performance guarantee, morale building of customers and process development for first-time-right with zero faults and mistakes. This must be ensured right from raw material supplier, vehicle audit, supplier selection, monitoring of supplier quality and delivery, incoming inspection, development, design, perfect layout planning, right kind of machine tool procurement, systematic material movement planning, in-house process control. All of this has to be done at competitive cost planning and achieved, else you are liable to fail in the market. Defects are generated, are solved using the Six Sigma methodology. Six Sigma is the powerful methodology to drive improvement initiatives and reduce cost of
quality. The cost of quality would help in analysing the operating costs for effective costs and profitable business management.

Keywords- Automobile Industry, Cost of Quality, Dealer, Six Sigma, Supplier

[1]. J. Campanella, Principles of Quality Costs: Principles, Implementation, and Use (3rd Ed., Milwaukee, ASQ Press, 1990).
[2]. S. Cheah, A. Shah and T. Fauziah, Tracking hidden Quality Costs in a manufacturing company: an action research, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 28(4), 2011, 405- 425.
[3]. R. Cooper and R. Kaplan, Measure costs right: make the right decisions, Harvard Business Review, vol. 66, 1988, 96-103.
[4]. P. B. Crosby, Quality is Free (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979).
[5]. A. Czuchry, M. Mahmoud and S. Gregory, A practical, systematic approach to understanding cost of quality: a field study, Industrial Management and Data Systems, 99(8), 2006, 362 -366.

Experimental investigation of sample fuels coal-water/methanol/oil mixture. Every liquid fuel was added to pulverize coal in percentage weight. For every fuel Combustion temperature, time is noted and burning rate coefficient is calculated. Great impact of air flow temperature is observed on combustion temperature and burning rate coefficient. 50% and more Oil in Coal Oil Mixture achieve highest temperature and moderate burning rate coefficient as compare to other fuels. Due to presence of low grade coal in India, immense and expensive coal is imported in India. The aim of this project is to find alternative fuels replacing oil in industries and utilization of low grade coal. By varying air flow temperature in the process of fuel combustion, improvement in results i.e. combustion temperature and burning rate coefficient is observed.

Keywords - Air flow temperature, burning rate Coefficient, Coal-Water Mixture, Coal-Oil Mixture, Coal- Methanol Mixture, Combustion Temperature, isolated droplet.

[1]. G. E. Liu And C. K. Law*, "Combustion of Coal-Water Slurry Droplets‟ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Beijing Institute Of Aeronautics And Astronautics, Beijing, China * Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University Of California, Davis, Ca 95616, USA (Received 6 May 1985)
[2]. Agnieszka Kijo–Kleczkowska , "Combustion of Coal–Water Suspensions‟ Institute Of Thermal Machinery, Department Of Boilers And Thermodynamics, Technical University Of Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 19c, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
[3]. Takeshi Sakai, Masayoshi Sadakata and Masahiro Saito ,"Single Droplet Combustion of Coal Methanol Slurry‟ Department Of Chemical Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376, Japan (Received 5 July 1983; Revised 26 June 1984)
[4]. T. Sakai and M. Saito, "Single-Droplet Combustion of Coal Slurry Fuels‟ Department Of Chemical Engineering, Gunma University, L- Tenjincho, Kiryu, Japan 376 COMBUSTION AND FLAME 51 : 141-154 (1983)
[5]. Daniel Bienstock, Edward M. Jamgochian ,"Coal-Oil Mixture Technology‟ US Department Of Energy, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Centre, Pittsburgh, USA. The Mitre Corporation, USA Fuel, 1981, Volume 60, September.

These brick masonry or concrete block walls are generally not considered in the design process and treated as non-structural components. In this paper seismic analysis has been performed using Equivalent static analysis, Response spectrum analysis and wind analysis on four types of structures symmetric plan with symmetric elevation, symmetric plan with two types of unsymmetric elevations and unsymmetric plan with symmetric elevation for G+15, G+35 and G+ 55 story bare frame and infill frame panel. The results are discussed and conclusion were made for bare frame and infill panel frame. In modelling the masonry infill panels the Equivalent diagonal Strut method is used and the software ETABS is used for the analysis of all the frame models.

Keywords - Bare, equivalent static analysis, Infill, RC frame, Response spectrum analysis, Wind analysis

[1]. B. Mehrabi, (1996), "Experimental evaluation of masonry infilled rc frames." Journal of structural engineering, Vol. 122, No.3. pp. 228- 237.
[2]. J. N. Arlekar and S. K. Jain, (1997), "Seismic Response of RC Frame Buildings with Soft First Storeys." CBRI Golden Jubilee Conference on Natural Hazards in Urban Habitat.
[3]. D. Das and C. V. R. Murty, (2004), "Brick masonry infill's in seismic design of RC framed buildings"The Indian Concrete Journal, pp 31-38
[4]. L. Decanini, F. Mollaiolo and A. Mura, (2004), "Seismic performance of masonry infilled r/c frames."World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Paper No. 165
[5]. M. A. Dastan and M. Vafai, (2008), "Numerical studies on residual seismic capaciy of rc frames with unreinforced block wall based on their crack pattern." World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.

The ESCO concept was originated in France before world war-2 when engineer's evolved this mechanism as a means to provide expert services to reduce heating bills of property owners and occupiers that could be paid from savings. India's energy intensity is very high, which is 4.5 times that of Japan, 2.5 times of USA and 1.3 times that of Singapore. For reducing its energy intensity substantially, India needs to implement the proposed "National Response Plan" very aggressively. As it has been proven in many developed countries, the Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) are well equipped for achieving energy efficiency (EE) in all potential sectors. ESCOs can help Indian industry too become cost competitive in the global marketplace. Energy services companies (ESCOs) can help Indian industry to reduce its energy costs significantly and become cost competitive in the global marketplace, while at the same time reducing the risk of projects "going wrong".

Keywords - ESCO's, HVAC, EE etc.

[1]. Status of ESCO industry in India, by K S Sridharan, chief GM, IREDA
[2]. Paper on "International ESCO conference" on June 1st& 2nd, 2005, at New Delhi, jointly organize by PCRA and FICCI.
[3]. "Energy conservation Act, 2001- Role of State Agencies", Presentation made By Mr. S. Ramaswamy, February 23rd and 24th, 2005, at New Delhi.
[4]. Website www.bee.co.in.

This work is an attempt to evolve a means for statically and dynamical balancing of mechanical components. This will no doubt evolve greater success in ensuring sound fabrication of our local machine and ensuring that life span of such machine is prolonged since vibration will be reduced to the barest minimum. Every wheel and its shaft have to be in a state of balanced, two mating shaft in rotation have to be in a state of static and dynamic balance. This is because unbalance condition produce centrifugal force which increase as the speed of the machine increase, causing damage to machine parts...........

Keywords: Dynamic, Static, Rotors

[1]. Chun-Feng Huang, Jian-Hao Hong, and T.-J. Yeh" Balancing control of a pedaled, self-balanced unicycle for better humanmachine interaction" " 2012 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)
[2]. MIKLÓS T. KONCZ, "Design of a low-cost balancing machine for the gas turbine of UAVs," unpublished
[3]. Rajeev Chaturvedi1*, Shree Niwas Sahu2*, A Sekar3*, K.V .Govinda3*, "Design and Analysis of Vertical Dynamic balancing machine flexure for satellite balancing," 5 th International & 26th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 2014) December 12th–14th, 2014, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India
[4]. Jim Lyons, "Primer on Dynamic Balancing "Causes, Corrections and Consequences" IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740– 741, August 1987
[5]. M Ozaki, Y. Adachi, Y. Iwahori, and N. Ishii, Application of fuzzy theory to writer recognition of Chinese characters, IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2(2), 2012, 112-116.