Helical coil is most widely used enhancement technique used in many industries because of its low cost, compact structure and long life. The condensation process of steam inside helical coil is investigated for different mass flux ranges from 68 kg/m2s to 97 kg/m2s and different saturation temperature range from 111 ºC to 120ºC. Heat transfer coefficient and overall heat transfer coefficient is plotted against mass flux which shows it increases with them

Keyword : Helical coil; condensation; mass flux; Saturation temperature; heat transfer coefficient.

[1]. S.A. Berger, L Talbot Flow in curved pipes. Ann Rev. Fluid Mech. 1983.15:461-512
[2]. J.S. Jayakumar, S.M. Mahajani , J.C. mandal Experimental and CFD estimation of heat transfer in helically coiled heat exchanger. Chemical engineering research and design 86 (2008) 221-232
[3]. J.S. Jayakumar, S.M. Mahajani , J.C. mandal. CFD analysis of single phase flows inside helically coiled tubes. Chemical engineering research and design 34 (2010) 430-446.
[4]. J.S. Jayakumar, S.M. Mahajani , J.C. mandal. Thermal hydraulic characteristics of air-water two phase flows in helical pipes. Chemical engineering research and design 88 (2010) 501-512.
[5]. J T Han, M A Ebadian. Condensation heat transfer of R-134a flow inside helical pipe at different orientations. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, (2003) Vol. 30, no 6, 745-754.

Transmission system is mechanisms which transmit the power develop by prime mover, often the term transmission refers simply to the differential gearbox that provide torque and speed variation. To design and develop transmission system, used Brushless DC motor as a driving source having capacity 2KW to get required speed 45km/hr. Motor get power from battery which charged with the use of solar panel. Selection of differential is done with required gear ratio to sufficient torque and velocity at output.

Keywords: BLDC motor, Differential Gearbox, Torque, Gear Ratio.

[1] Abhinya Chaturvedi, B. Kirti Kushwaha, Parul Kashyap, Dr. J. P. Navani, ― Solar Powered Vehicle,‖ Electrical & Electronics Department, Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology for Women, Ghaziabad, India, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: (270-273), Month: April - June 2015.
[2] V.Naveen Prabhu and N.Manigandan, ―Design and Fabrication of Solar Transport Vehicle,‖ IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X, PP 14-19.
[3] R. Singh, M.Kumar, C.Malvi, ―A Study and Design Based Simulation of Hybrid Solar Car,‖ IJETAE, ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 90001:2008, Volumne 3, Isssue 1, January 2013.
[4] Verónica Flores Sáncheza, Marco Osvaldo Vigueras Zunigab,"Solar Vehicles Design For Urban Use: Case Adapted To Cuitláhuac Veracruz," 2013 ISES Solar World Congress, ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 57 ( 2014 ) 965 – 974.
[5] Manu Jain and Sheldon S. Williamson,"Suitability Analysis of In-Wheel Motor Direct Drives for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles‖ , Power Electronics and Energy Research (PEER) Group Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
[6] R. Nicole, ―Designing, Building of Solar Race Car for the World Solar Challenge (Phase 1)‖ Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering3(4): 122-130, 2015.

In the present study effect of steam temperature on heat transfer coefficient is studied using ANSYS Fluent (2015). In this study CFD analysis is performed to validate experimental data of condensation heat transfer coefficient. Steam temperature is varied from1030C -1150C and its effect on heat transfer coefficient is done. Three helical coils having different coil diameter is used. It is observed that as saturation temperature of steam increases heat transfer coefficient increases and as coil diameter increases heat transfer coefficient decreases and the percentage of error is within 9-15%.

Keywords: Helical coil; condensation; CFD; Saturation temperature; heat transfer coefficient.

[1]. J.Fernández-seara, C.Piñeiro-pontevedra, and J. A.Dopazo, "On the performance of a vertical helical coil heat exchanger. Numerical model and experimental validation, Appl.Therm. Eng. vol.62, no. 2 pp. 680–689, 2014.
[2]. R. Thundil karuppa Raj, Manoj kumar S., Aby Mathew C. and T.Elango, "Numerical analysis of helically coiled heat exchanger using CFD technique" vol.9,no.3 pp. 300-307,2014.
[3]. Mir Hatef Seyyedvalilu and S.F.Ranjbar, "The effect of geometrical parameters on heat transfer and hydro dynamical characteristics of helical exchanger" vol.4,no.1pp.35-46,2015.
[4]. G.B.Mhaske and D.D.Palande," Enhancement of heat transfer rate of tube in tube helical coil heat exchanger"vol.3,issue-2,pp.39- 45,2015.
[5]. J.S. Jayakumar et al "Experimental and CFD estimation of heat transfer in helically coiled heat exchangers" chemical engineering research and design, vol. 8 6, 221–232,2008..

Automation is today's fact, where things are being controlled automatically, usually the basic task of turning ON/OFF certain devices, either remotely or in close proximity. In this paper an attempt is being made to proposed automation of a machine, namely Mechanical Unit Injector (MUI) tester, specially used for the testing of mechanical injector. The automation of a MUI tester can be done by using pneumatic system and pressure sensors. There are mainly two operations-calculate leak of time of Fuel Injection Pump (FIP) and check the fuel pattern. With the help of this operation, testing of an injector is done. By doing automation of this machine, time consumption for operations reduces and errors in operation minimizes.

Keywords: MUI, FIP, Injector, pressure sensor, pneumatic system.

[1]. Karan Dutt, ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTION OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 9, September-2013, 1443-1445.
[2]. Vinay Shettar, Sneha B. Kotin, Kirankumar B. B. And B. G. Sheeparamatti, SIMULATION OF DIFFERENT MEMS PRESSURE SENSORS, International J. of Multidispl. Research & Advcs. in Engg.(IJMRAE), ISSN 0975-7074, Vol. 6, No. II (April 2014),74.
[3]. Ahmed M. Almassri, W. Z. Wan Hasan, S. A. Ahmad, A. J. Ishak, A. M. Ghazali, D. N. Talib, and Chikamune Wada, Pressure Sensor: State of the Art, Design, and Application for Robotic Hand, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Sensors Article ID 846487, 14 January 2015, 4.
[4]. MUIS overhauling manual of Indian railway.PSG design data book (Kalaikathir Achchagam, 1968).
[5]. André migeon and Anne-Elisabeth Lenel, pressure sensor, 11.
[6]. Automation Studio Software.https://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/pressure-sensors-types-working

The traditional methods make use of sensors to monitor the wear of a cutting tool. The application of digital image processing in determining tool wear is gaining importance. GLCM is the most widely used higher order statistical technique for feature extraction to monitor tool wear. Contrast and homogeneity has been proved as the two best texture descriptors of GLCM. The accuracy of GLCM largely depends on the orientation of the pixels considered to obtain these descriptors. This paper presents the effect of varying pixel pair spacing (pps) and pixel pair direction (ppd) on contrast and homogeneity. An attempt is made to provide one of the solutions to consider the orientation of the pixels while computing GLCM.

Keywords : Contrast, GLCM, Homogeneity, Pixel pair spacing, Tool wear

[1]. Chen Zhang, Jilin Zhang On-line tool wear measurement for ball-end milling cutter based on machine vision, Computers in Industry 64, 2013, 708–719.
[2]. Jamie Loizou, WenmengTian, John Robertson, Jaime Camelio, Automated wear characterization for broaching tools based on machine vision systems, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2015, 1-12.
[3]. S. Dutta, S.K. Pal, S. Mukhopadhyay, R. Sen, Application of digital image processing in tool condition monitoring: A review, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 6, 2013, 212–232.
[4]. E.S. Gadelmawla, A vision system for surface roughness characterization using the gray level co-occurrence matrix" NDT & E International37(7), 2004, 577-588.
[5]. E S Gadelmawla, Estimation of surface roughness for turning operations using image texture features, Proc. IMechE, 225 Part B: J. EngineeringManufacture, 2010,1281-1292.

Overlay welding also known as cladding, is a process in which one or more metals are joined together by welding to the surface of a base metal as a layer in order to improve the corrosion resistance strength of the base metal. in case of conventional type of automatically welding machines, overlay welding of inside surface of elbows cannot be done accurately as there are many areas were the welding torch cannot reach due to curvature effect of the bent section. As a result it became a common practice to perform the welding by hand with the consequent decrease in productivity. The purpose of this paper is to find a solution so that the complete overlay welding of elbow can be done by welding arm itself and thereby increasing the efficiency of the production with no need of manual welding..............

Keywords: - Welding, cladding, Elbo, Kinematic Synthesis.

[1]. T.C. Manjunath , 'Kinematic Modeling and Maneuvering of A 5-Axes Articulated Robot Arm', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 1(4) 2007.
[2]. Surachai Panich, Mathematic Model and Kinematic Analysis for Robotic Arm,. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: J General Engineering, 15 (6 ) 2015.
[3]. Jatin Dave, MihirChauhan, Simulation of Trajectories and Comparison of Joint Variables for Robotic Manipulator Using Multibody Dynamics (MBD), Nirma university,HTC 2011.

The aim of the concern work is to design, develop and fabricate the chassis for solar vehicle. A chassis is a skeleton of vehicle. The chassis not only forms the structural base but also a 3-D shell surrounding the occupant which protects the occupant in case of impact and roll over incidents. The design and development process of the roll cage involves various factors; namely material selection, frame design, cross-section determination and finite element analysis. The frame modeling is done with CATIA software. All frames structure is analyzed in static test using ANSYS software. The static tests are conducted using ANSYS to determine if the vehicle frame could support a total weight of all vehicle components and one driver.

Keywords - Chassis, Frame modeling, Finite element analysis, ANSYS,

[1]. V, Sankaranarayanan, "Chassis control adaptive semi active suspension", Automotive control and Mechatronics research center Istanbul technical university, July 6-11, 2008, 4677-4682
[2]. RachidAttia, "Dual mode control allocation for integrated chassis stabilization", Modelisation Intelligence Process Systems laboratory, France, 11219-11224
[3]. V. Veloso, "Failure investigation and stress analysis of a longitudinal stinger of an automobile chassis", Engineering Failure Analysis, 16 (2009) 1696-1702
[4]. Stijn De Bruyne, "Online investigation of vehicle inertial parameters for improving chassis control systems", The international federation of automatic control Milano (Itly) Sept. 2011, 1814-1819
[5]. Toh Yen Pang, "Design and performance analysis of an Electromagnetic Tricycle Operated in an Airport", Elsevier, Procedia Engineering 99(2015) 1330-1338
[6]. Keith J., "Introduction to chassis design", Revision 1.0, January 2, 2009

Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) thin films successfully prepared by the potentiostatic electro-deposition technique on stainless steel substrate from the aqueous bath of bismuth nitrate and tellurium dioxide. The deposited films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX), Electrical conductivity, resistivity and band gap energies are measured. The XRD showed polycrystalline nature of deposited films with rhombohedral crystalline structure. The parameters such as crystallite size, micro strain and dislocation density evaluated. SEM study showed growth of uniformly distributed grains in the form of dendrites sphere over the surface of substrate. The presence of
indirect direct transition band gap energies is determined by four probe methods and showing semiconducting nature of the film and the electrical resistivity of the thin films prepared at different potential recur the same.

Keywords- Band gap energy, Crystallite size, Electrical Resistivity, Electrodeposition, SEM

[1]. D. M. Rowe, CRC handbook of thermoelectrics. CRC Press, 1995.
[2]. A. O. Antonenko et al., "NMR studies of single crystals of the topological insulator Bi2Te3 at low temperatures," Phys. Solid State, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 855–859, May 2017.
[3]. K. Wu et al., "Preparation of n-type Bi 2 Te 3 thermoelectric materials by non-contact dispenser printing combined with selective laser melting," Phys. status solidi - Rapid Res. Lett., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 1700067, Jun. 2017.
[4]. A. Gaul, Q. Peng, D. J. Singh, G. Ramanath, and T. Borca-Tasciuc, "Pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transitions for enhancing thermoelectric power factor in bismuth telluride-based alloys," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 19, no. 20, pp. 12784–12793, 2017.
[5]. M. Culebras, A. M. Igual-Muñoz, C. Rodríguez-Fernández, M. I. Gómez-Gómez, C. Gómez, and A. Cantarero, "Manufacturing Te/PEDOT Films for Thermoelectric Applications," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 24, pp. 20826–20832, Jun. 2017.

The transmission system on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller which in turn is convertedinto forward thrust. The entire transmission assembly consisting of engine, gearbox, transmission shaft and propeller is located on the hull part of the marine vessel. Marine vessels are available for various applications with varying types of engine and transmission requirements. A lot of human efforts and time are expended in designing of Marine propeller shaft and its related components. Also, there are chances of human errors during the designing phase. One can overcome the difficulties encountered in designing any product by using automation. The idea is to automate the process of calculation and generation of 2D drawing of Marine propeller shaft and its related components by programming and integrating the software such as Spyder and Rhinoceros using Python language

Keywords- Marine Propulsion System, Automation, transmission, hull, thrust block, stern tube

[1]. IRS Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of Inland Waterways Ships, Part - 4, Chapter 4 Prime Movers and Propulsion Shafting Systems, July 2016.
[2]. D.A.Taylor, "Introduction to marine engineering," Butterworth-Heinemann publication 1996, second edition.
[3]. Gitin M. Maitra & L. V. Prasad, "Handbook of Mechanical Design," Tata McGraw-Hill Education 1995.
[4]. D.G.M Watson, "Practical ship design," Elsevier 1998.
[5]. Magnus Lie Hetland, "Beginning Python From Novice to Professional," Apress 2005.

Robots are widely used in many fields of industry nowadays. They have multiple applications and inspection is one of them. This inspection includes the monitoring of internals of pipes and channels, identifying and rectifying problems respectively. Thus such smart mobile robots help to acquire the relevant data of pipes automatically. Pipelines undergo corrosion, oxidation resulting in reduction in thickness of walls of the pipe because of being buried underground. Corrosion can also occur not only outside but also inside. This can reduce the strength and lifetime of the overall pipe section. Cracks can be formed in these sections due to fatigue and lead to leakages and in special cases can fail catastrophically. Thus various measures are taken into consideration to mitigate corrosion. Pipe inspection is essential to locate defects caused by the above aspects while the pipe is in operation.

Keywords- Inspection, Pipeline, Robot, Water, Wireless.

[1]. NurAfiqahBinti Haji Yahya, Negin Ashrafi, Ali Hussein Humod, Pipe inspection robot to detect weld defects (2014).
[2]. AtulGargade, Dhanraj Tambuskar, and GajananThokal. Modelling and Analysis of Pipe Inspection Robot Issue 5, ijetae paper Author, (May 2013).
[3]. Pipe inspection robot for varying diameter pipe by Yun-Jong Kim et al. (2009) and Hunok Lim and Taku Ohki (2009).

A new cooling system for a single cylinder internal combustion engine for maintaining a constant ideal engine temperature is shown. This system consists of a number of separate pipes carrying water passing around the engine cylinder. It consists of a fan that is used for cooling by forced convection. It consists of a number of temperature gauges for measuring the temperature and a heating system for solving the problem of cold starting. By using this system the problems of overheating of the engine, cold starting can be prevented and also the problem of knocking and detonation can be reduced to a certain extent.

Keywords - Cold starting, detonation, force convection, gauges, knocking

[1]. Study on the effect of different combinations of engine coolant additives on the heat dissipation rate of radiators P L Sathyanarayanan1 and R Ramprabhu21Automotive Systems Division, Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE), Ministry of Defence, Chennai, India2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India
[2]. Heat transfer and entropy analysis of three different types of heat exchangers Operated with Nano fluidsK.Y. Leong a,b, R. Saidur a, M. Khairulmaini a, Z. Michael a, A. Kamyar a
[3]. Internal combustion engine –V Ganesan
[4]. Heat and mass transfer –Er.R.K.Rajput