Cracks are most common defects which can develop due to fatigue in structure and machine elements. Fatigue cracks are responsible for catastrophic failures. Cracks are the threat to an uninterrupted operation and performance of the modern day machines. The crack occurs in rotating shafts where detection of cracks is difficult due to inspection difficulties. The problem of rotating cracked shafts has been investigated for a long time. Two main features have been recognized: (1) the local flexibility introduced by the crack in relation to the affected shaft sections; (2) the opening–closing phenomenon of the crack during rotation called as breathing mechanism of the crack...............

Keyword : Crack, Vibration Parameters, FEA.

[1]. C.M. Stoisser_, S. Audebert., A comprehensive theoretical, numerical and experimental approach for crack detection in power plant rotating machinery Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 22 (2008), 818–844
[2]. Jiawei Xiang, Yongteng Zhong , Xuefeng Chen , Zhengjia He.2008, Crack detection in a shaft by combination of wavelet-based elements and genetic algorithm. J. Xiang et al. / International Journal of Solids and Structures 45, 4782–4795.
[3]. Itzhak Green and Cody Casey, Crack Detection in a Rotor Dynamic System by Vibration Monitoring—Part I: Analysis, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power APRIL 2005, Vol. 127/ 425.
[4]. A.S. Sekhar.2007, Multiple cracks effects and identification, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 22 (2008) 845–878.
[5]. Xuanyang Leia,_, Guicai Zhanga, Jin Chena, Song Xigengb, Guangming Dong 2005, Simulation on the motion of crankshaft with a slant crack in crankpin, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 21(2007) 502-513.

It is necessary to consider the temperature distribution in friction clutches to avoid its premature failure. In this work, review of different research papers is conducted, and the results of these papers are shown in the form of graphs. In this work temperature variation w.r.t radius, that is from inner radius of friction lining to outer radius , temperature distribution along the axis of clutch system, i.e. at pressure plate, clutch disc, flywheel. The variation of temperature for successive engagements along the radius and along the axis of clutch system is calculated and plotted in the form of graph. Here, two methods are introduced to determine the temperature distribution at friction surfaces due to rubbing. For analysis, Finite Element Method is used and further graphs were plotted and conclusion was deduced.

Keywords: Clutch, Premature Failure, Successive engagement

[1]. O.I. Abdullah a, J. Schlattmann "Finite Element Analysis of Temperature Field in Automotive Dry Friction Clutch", Tribology in Industry Vol. 34, No. 4 (2012) 206-216.
[2]. Oday I. Abdullaha,b, Josef Schlattmanna, Mahir H. Majeedc, Laith A. Sabrid "The temperatures distributions of a single-disc clutches using heat partitioning and total heat generated approaches", Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 11 (2018) 43–54.
[3]. O.I. Abdullah, J. Schlattmann , A.M. Al‐ Shabibi "Thermo‐ mechanical Analysis of the Dry Clutches under Different Boundary Conditions", Tribology in Industry Vol. 36, No. 2 (2014) 172‐180.
[4]. M.H. Faidh-Allah "The Temperature Distribution in Friction Clutch Disc under Successive Engagements", Tribology in Industry Vol. 40, No. 1 (2018) 92-99.

Present paper deals with theoretical study of critical speed of shaft carrying single rotor. Every object has its own frequency, called as natural frequency. The measurement of this critical speed and related whirling motion is one of the important problems to be addressed by a design and maintenance engineer. Also the whirling of shaft and its motion comes under the category of self-excited motion i.e. self-excited vibration in which the exciting forces and inducing motion are controlled by the motion itself. When the induced frequency matches with natural frequency, resonance will occur at certain speed, this speed is called as "critical speed‟. In general it is very important to determine the critical speed to avoid the breakdown of rotating machine. By knowing the critical speed we run the machine above or below that critical speed............

Keywords: Critical speed, Whirling shaft, Frequency ratio, Amplitude ratio, Self-excited vibration.

[1]. Mr. Balasaheb K. Takle., "Experimental investigation of Shafts on Whirling Of shafts apparatus", International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2014, pp2091-2094.
[2]. Erik Swanson., Chris D. Powel., Sorin Weissman., "Practical Review Of Rotating Machinery Critical Speed and Modes", Sound and vibration, MAY 2005, pp10-17.
[3]. Ankit J. Desai., Pranav B. Patel., Devendra A. Patel., "Analysis Of Whirling Speed and Evaluation Of Self-Excited motion of the Rotating Shaft", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 03, Issue 7, July 2014, pp 784- 787.
[4]. Mr. Sandeep Tiwari., Dr. Sankha Bhaduri., "Dynamic Analysis of rotor bearings System for flexible bearings support condition", International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp1785–1792.

Brake pad & disc are most imperative segment of an automobile braking system. Due to hard or repetitive braking in steep gradient COF & wear rate, effectiveness between brake pad and disc is decreases. The tribological behavior of a coated brake pad material tested under dry sliding conditions by utilizing a pinon- disc equipment. Abrasive, low metallic material, Non-asbestos organic materials (NAO) are used for pin and steel for disc. The input parameters considered for this test are load, pressure and sliding velocity. Force applied on the brake pad will change according to the speed of the vehicle and the braking distance so, for experimentation we have calculated the actual force applied by the vehicle at different speeds and simulated the same condition on machine. Experimental results will compared in terms of wear rate & coefficient of friction. The wear rates of the coated discs are always negligible, since the contact temperature isn't adequately high to initiate a conditioning or an oxidative harm of the coatings.

Keywords - Coatings , COF , Braking System, Friction, Tribological

[1]. Matteo Federici, Cinzia Menapace, Alessandro Moscatelli, Stefano Gialanella,Giovanni Straffelini. Pin-on-disc study of a friction material dry sliding against HVOF coated discs at room temperature and 3000C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.05.030
[2]. D.S. Yawas, S.Y. Aku, S.G. Amaren. Morphology and properties of periwinkle shell asbestos-free brake pad. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2013.11.002
[3]. Piyush Chandra Verma, Luca Menapace, Andrea Bonfanti, Rodica Ciudin,Stefano Gialanella, Giovanni Straffelini. Braking paddisc system: Wear mechanisms and formation of wear fragments. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2014.11.019
[4]. Vencl , B. Katavic , D. Markovic , M. Ristic , B. Gligorijevic . The Tribological Performance of Hardfaced/Thermal Sprayed Coatings for Increasing the Wear Resistance of Ventilation Mill Working Parts. Tribology in Industry . Vol. 37, No. 3 (2015) 320- 329

This work focuses on heat transfer augmentation techniques for different types of twisted tape inserts.
The present review is about twisted tape insert for heat transfer enhancement and its geometry. The twisted tape
insert is a device used for increasing the heat transfer rate in heat exchanger for its easy operation and low
maintaince. This review paper mainly refers previous experimental and numerical studies done using twisted
tape insert for turbulent flow regime in the range of 2000 to 50000.The heat transfer in a circular tube having
twisted tape has been significantly increased over plain tube. These studies are useful for the future research in
the area of twisted tapes will bring more development in heat exchanger systems.

Keywords: Twisted tape insert, turbulent flow, Reynolds number, Nusselt number, Heat transfer

[1]. Amar Raj Singh Suri, Anil Kumar, Rajesh Maithani, Effect of square wings in multiple square perforated twisted tapes on fluid
flow and heat transfer of heat exchanger tube, Science Direct 10(2017)28-43
[2]. Pengxiao Li a, Zhichun Liu a,⇑, Wei Liu a, Gang Chen bNumerical study on heat transfer enhancement characteristics of
tubeinserted with centrally hollow narrow twisted tapes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 88 (2015) 481–491
[3]. M.M.K Bhuiya , A.S.M. Sayem, M.Islam, M.S.U. Chowdhury ,M.Shahabuddin, Performance assessment in a heat exchanger tube
fitted with double counter twisted tape inserts, International Comunication in Heat and Mass Transfer 50(2014) 25-33
[4]. K.Nanan, C.Thianpong,P.Promvonge, S.Eiamsa-ard, Investigation of heat transfer enhancement by perforated helical twisted tape
ELSEVIER 52(2014)106-112

Welded joints invariably contain defects. These defects act as a source of stress concentration. This affects the fatigue life of the members which contains it. Most commonly found defects in welds are under cuts and slag inclusions. The depth of these defects varies from 0.15 mm to 0.4 mm. Generally the depth of toe grinding permitted is 5% of the thickness of the base plate. These welds have will also have internal stresses. To assess the stress distribution pattern in the welds and to know stress concentration cruciform welds are considered. These welds are subjected to both tensile and compressive loads. To analyse the models considered are a) fillet weld without any defect, b) fillet weld with Toe defect and c) Fillet weld with toe grinding. These models are analysed by using ANSYS package...........

Keywords - FEM, Stress concentration, toe grinding, cruciform welds.

[1]. Gurney. T.R., "Fatigue of Welded structures‟ , Cambridge University Press.-1968
[2]. J.W.Knight " improving the fatigue strength of fillet welded joints by grinding and peening. – TWI 1976.
[3]. GURNEY. T.R., " Theoretical Analysis of the influence of toe defects on the fatigue strength of welded joints- TWI MARCH 1977
[4]. S.J. Maddox, GURNEY. T.R., A.M. Mummery and G.S.Booth " an investigation of influence of applied stress ratio on fatigue propagation in structural steels".
[5]. Gurney T.R., " fatigue tests on two types of welded joints under compressive loading".

Heat transfer enhancement techniques are used in plate heat exchanger to increase rate of heat transfer. One of the technique is to use of nanofluid. As a working fluid in heat exchanger, nanofluid is used in various applications like radiator, automobile, space vehicle etc. Nanofluid is made by the suspending nanoparticles in the fluid like water, ethylene glycol and oil, hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons etc. Plate heat exchanger provides large surface area which is important for the increase in the rate of heat transfer. This work focuses on study of the heat transfer along with flow characteristics for plate heat exchanger using nanofluid of different volume concentrations. The scope of the project is to increase the effective heat transfer rate and efficiency of plate type heat exchanger. There is a need to enhance performance of heat exchanger by applications of nanofluid in the coming years.

Keywords: Nanofluid, Plate heat Exchanger, Graphene Oxide.

[1]. Flavio C.C. Galeazzo, Raquel Y. Miura, Jorge A.W. Gut, Carmen C. Tadini, Experimental and numerical heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger, Chemical Engineering Science 61 (2006) 7133 – 7138
[2]. Shive Dayal Pandey , V.K. Nema , Experimental analysis of heat transfer and friction factor of nanofluid as a coolant in a corrugated plate heat exchanger, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 38 (2012) 248–256
[3]. F.S. Javadi, S. Sadeghipour , R. Saidur , G. BoroumandJazi , B. Rahmati , M.M. Elias , M.R. Sohel , The effects of nanofluid on thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of a plate heat exchanger, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 44 (2013) 58–63
[4]. Masoud Asadi, Design and Optimization of Plate Heat Exchanger.
[5]. Mr. Lalit B. Chintamani Prof. N.C. Ghuge, A Review Paper on Experimental Heat Transfer Enhancement using Nanofluids, International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163 Issue 2, Volume 2 (February 2015)

The heat exchangers used in cars are mounted on a bracket in the bonnet. Thepurpose of mountingbrackets is to safely support the vehicle air conditioning systemin all conditions. Since it is very difficult to changethe supporting locations and types of support afterthe air conditioning system is built, the mounting brackets must be verified in the design stage. This project intends to analyze the mounting brackets and developing the new designs of brackets. This paper includes study of design and analysis of heat exchanger (condenser) mounting brackets. In this paper, we will design the condenser mounting brackets to prevent the failure of condenser under static and dynamic loading conditions. The mounting brackets of Paccar Condenser are taken into study. After analyzing it, modified designs and different concepts of mounting brackets are suggested. The modelling of the bracket will be done in modelling software CATIA and will be analyzed using CATIA GPS.

Keywords : Condenser mounting brackets,air conditioning system, Design of brackets.

[1]. Jeong Woo Chang and Young Shin Lee, Topology optimization of compressor bracket, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology ,1668-1676, 2008.
[2]. SeongYeonYoo, DaeWoong Lee, An Experimental Study on Performance of Automotive Condenser and Evaporator, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, 2004
[3]. Umesh S. Ghorpade, D. S. Chavan, VinaayPatil, MahendraGaikwad, ―Finite Element Analysis and Natural Frequency Optimization of Engine Bracket, International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, ISSN No. 2231 – 6477, Vol-2, Iss- 3, 2012
[4]. Santosh S, Satish Kumar N &SanthoshNc, Design and Structural Analysis of Bracket for Control Unit in Light Combat Aircraft, International Journal for Ignited Minds (IJIMIINDS), 2015
[5]. Dr.YadavalliBasavaraj, Manjunatha. T. H, Design Optimization of Automotive Engine Mount System, International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN: 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726, 2013

Automakers are continuously researching new technology in order to develop power train systems such that they reduce power losses in the vehicle. The most important key element in a passenger vehicle is comfort ride performance. The solution to achieve this is by which continuously variable transmission. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) uses variable adjustable drive ratios instead of discrete gears to obtain optimal engine performance. As CVT development proceeds, performance will always be going to increase and costs will be reduced timely which makes further development and application more desirable. Knowing its performance limitations will act as a guide for employment in different applications.The current paper reviews the state-of-the-art research on control of heat generation in continuously variable transmissions. The various methods to control generate heat in CVT are also discussed.

Keywords: Continuously Variable Transmission, Fins, Heat Transfer Area, Forced Convention.

[1]. Johannes Wurm, Matthias Fitl, Michael Gumpesberger, EsaVäisänen, ChristophHochenauer, "Novel CFD approach for the thermal analysis of a continuous variable transmission (CVT)".
[2]. Mayur U Patil, KaushikBharadwaj, Sameer Sathwick, Baskar P, "A Study of Cooling of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)" Vol. 5, Issue 11, November 2016.
[3]. P. Sivakumar, p. Appalaraju, ch.Srikar, t. Sanjeevkumarreddy, y. Jayendrakumar& k. Vishnuvardhan Babu, "STEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS VARIABLE TRANSMISSION WITH EXTENDED SURFACES" International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249-6890; ISSN (E): 2249- 8001 Vol. 8, Issue 2, Apr 2018, 1147-1156.
[4]. SnehalVasantDhongde and VinilkumarChandran, "Experimental Study of cooling of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) in Scooter" 2014-01-2003 TSAE-14IC-2003 Published 03/24/2014.
[5]. Vaishya, AbhishekLakhanlal, and SachinPhadnis,"Experimental Investigations of Forced Air Cooling for Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)", No. 2013-32-9073, SAE Technical Paper, 2013.

Logarithmic Decrement () experiment is generally used to analyze the damping ratio of underdamped systems within the time domain. The () logarithmic decrement method will become less and less accurate as the damping ratio will increase past about 0.5; it will not be applicable at all for a damping ratio which is greater than 1.0 because the system becomes over-damped. Logarithmic decrement can be defined as, the natural logarithm (ln) of the ratio of any two succeeding amplitudes on the either side of the middle way position. Practically, there is always an internal and external resistance due to which the energy possessed by the vibratory body will finally come to rest at its equilibrium state..............

Keywords: Logarithmic decrement, damped oscillations, EduVirtualLab, Computer Simulation, Virtual Lab

[1]. EduVirtualLab Implementing the Logarithmic Decrement to Identify the Parameters of an Oscillation , Javier Montenegro Joo ,VirtualDynamics: Science & Engineering Virtual Labs.
[2]. Use of the Logarithmic Decrement to Assess the Damping in Oscillations , Javier Montenegro Joo, VirtualDynamics: Science& Engineering Virtual Labs
[3]. Virtual Lab to Run Logarithmic Damping Decrement Experiments Javier Montenegro Joo Virtual Dynamics: Science& Engineering Virtual Labs
[4]. Magalas L.B., (2006) Determination of the Logarithmic Decrement in Mechanical Spectroscopy, Solid State Phenomena Vol 115.
[5]. Magalas L.B., Majewski M., (2008) Recent Advances in Determination of the Logarithmic Decrement and the Resonant Frequency in Low-Freq. Mech. Spectroscopy, Solid State Phenomena Vol. 137.

Clutch is one of the most essential component used in automobiles. Its main function is to initiate the motion or increase the velocity of the vehicle by transferring kinetic energy from flywheel. This operation of clutch involves heavy and sudden forces, which results in generation of stresses. Analysis of generated stress is an important step to be followed in order to reduce the risk of failing of the system. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is one such computational numerical method used for solving such problems. The current paper reviews stress analysis performed on friction clutch, for different friction materials, using ANSYS software. Further, the results are compared and discussed.

Keywords: Friction Clutch, Finite Element Analysis, Friction lining, Stress.

[1]. Google Images
[2]. Google Images
[3]. Sagar Olekar, Kiran Chaudhary, Anil Jadhav, P. Baskar "Structural analysis of multiplate clutch IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), Volume 10, Issue 1 (Nov. - Dec. 2013)
[4]. Anil Jadhav, Gauri Salvi, Santosh Ukamnal, Prof.P.Baskar "Static Structural Analysis of Multiplate Clutch with Different Friction Materials" International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 11, November - 2013IJERTIJERT ISSN: 2278-0181
[5]. P.Viswabharathy G.Vigneshwar M.Pragadhishwaran M.Gopalakrishnan "Static and Dynamic Analysis of Single Plate Clutch in Four Wheeler Application Using ANSYS".International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Engineering Research (IJETER) Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2017)
[6]. B.Sreevani, M.Murali Mohan "Static and Dynamic Analysis of Single Plate Clutch" IJIRSET Vol.4, Issue 9, September 2015