The Airbag system was first presented in 4-wheeled vehicles however this research gives data about the presentation of the airbag system that can be utilized in the bikes (bicycles). The concept of airbag system is "To decrease the injury to a rider while affecting with an opposing vehicle and additionally restricting article in frontal impacts by retaining rider kinetic energy and by reducing ride separation velocity from bike the forward way." This should be possible with the assistance of ANGLE sensor, an edge marker and feeling of the crash and the expansive recurrence vibration for to open the air bag. The research will likewise include the working, development, establishment and the issues with respect to airbags. A portion of the confinements saw in
conveying airbags are that bike riders are less inclined to be in a settled area regarding the airbag at the purpose of effect and the absence of supporting surface. The idea of such effects will be analyzed in the simulation for a proposed airbag system to assess the head increasing speeds when the initial contact with the airbag is during the arrangement stage.

[1]. He Huan, Chen Zhe, He Cheng, Ni Lei, Chen Guoping, "A hierarchical updating method for finite element model of airbag buffer system under landing impact", Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, (2015), 28(6): 1629–1639.
[2]. Taro Sekine, "Utilization of probe powered two-wheeler vehicles to realize a safe mobile society" IATSS Research 38 (2014) 58– 70.
[3]. Takashi Koike, Takahiro Kanno, JojiSekine, "A case of naso-ethmoid fracture following airbag deployment."Journal of Oral and Maxillo facial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology xxx (2014) xxx–xxx.
[4]. Hong-yan WANG, Huang-jie HONG, Jian-yang LI, Qiang RUI, "Study on Multi-objective Optimization of Airbag Landing Attenuation System for Heavy Airdrop" Defence Technology 9 (2013) 237-241.
[5]. Zeeshan Ahmad, "The unassuming danger of car airbags: Injuries secondary to airbag deployment", Injury Extra 42 (2011) 69–70.

The serpentine tube in tube arrangement is very effective for various applications such as heat exchanger and chemical reactors thermal power plant etc. This serpentine tube in tube arrangement can provide accommodations a large passive type heat exchanger. During heat transfer, area in small space with high heat transfer coefficients due to these arrangements. This study deals with the analysis of heat transfer for flowing fluid through tubes using experimentally and Computational Fluid Dynamics. The experimental and computation results are compared with numerically and the temperature contours, the effectiveness and nusselt number of heat exchangers are calculated and plotted. For the construction of serpentine tube, copper is choosing. Water is flowing through the inner tube and also at the outer shell of the serpentine tube in tube heat exchanger. In this precise study, an effort is made to evaluate the effect of counter flow only.

[1]. Qi Li gilles Flamant, Xigang Yuan, Pierre, Lingai Luo, Compact heat exchangers: A review and future application for a new generation of high temperature solar receivers, Renewable and Sustainable energy Reviews-15 (2011) 4855- 4875.
[2]. Henryk Charun, Tadeusz Bohdal, Marian Czapp, Experimental investigation of the condensation of R134a and R404A refrigerants in a long, water-cooled, serpentine coils, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 67 (2013) 602–612.
[3]. Mao-Yu Wen, Ching-Yen Ho, Jang-Kuen Jang, Boiling heat transfer of refrigerant R-600a/R-290-oil mixtures in the serpentine small-diameter U-tubes, Applied Thermal Engineering 27 (2007) 2353–2362
[4]. Michele Ciofalo, Massimiliano Di Liberto, fully developed laminar flow and heat transfer in serpentine pipes, International Journals of thermal sciences- 96 (2015) 248-266.

Pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold fluids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. The metallic pressure vessels are having more strength but due to their high weight to strength ratio and corrosive properties they are least preferred. These industries are in need of pressure vessels which will have low weight to strength ratio without affecting the strength. On the other hand FRP (Fiber reinforced plastic) composite materials with their higher specific strength characteristics will result in reduction of weight of the structure. E-Glass Filament-wound composite pressure vessels are an important type of highpressure container that is used widely. On the other hand FRP composite materials will result in reduction of weight of the structure. In this seminar report FEA of steel and FRP composite pressure vessel is compared and found that FRP pressure vessel has more strength than steel vessel and also the weight reduction of 75 % can be obtained by replacing steel with FRP material.

Keyword: Pressure, pressure vessel, composites.etc.

[1]. RaoYarrapragada K.S.S, R.Krishna Mohan, B.VijayKiran "Composite Pressure Vessels" Volume:01 Issue: 04,Dec-2012,Published by IJRET.
[2]. AzizÖnder, "First Failure Pressure of Composite Pressure Vessels",February-2010,Published by IZMIR.
[3]. Mr. MukundKavekar, Mr. VinayakH.Khatawate, Mr. Gajendra V. Patil "Weight Reduction of Pressure Vessel Using FRP Composite Material" Volume 4, Issue 4, July - August (2013), pp. 300-310, Published by IAEME.
[4]. Autar K. Kaw, "Mechanics of composite material" 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC,Boca Raton,2009,pp. 31-33.
[5]. I.M.Jamadar, S.M.Patil, S.S.Chavan, G.B.Pawar, G.N.Rakate "Thickness optimization of inclined pressure vessel Using non linear finite element analysis using design by analysis approach", Volume 3, Issue 3, September - December (2012),Published by IJRET..

The Air Driven Engine is an eco-friendly engine which operates with compressed air.An Air Driven Engine uses the expansion of compressed air to drive the pistons of an engine An Air Driven Engine is a pneumatic actuator that creates useful work by expanding compressed air. There is no mixing of fuel with air as there is no combustion.An Air Driven Engine makes use of Compressed Air Technology for its operation The Compressed Air Technology is quite simple. If we compress normal air into a cylinder the air would hold some energy within it. This energy can be utilized for useful purposes. When this compressed air expands, the energy is released to do work. So this energy in compressed air can also be utilized to displace a piston.

Keywords: Engine, pressure Compressor, Air.etc

[1]. MDIEnterprisesS.A(http://www.mdi.lu/eng/afficheeng.php?page=minicats).Mdi.lu Retrieved 2010-12-12.
[2]. Hugh Currin "Air Engine Design for Machining Class"April 11, 2007
[3]. Bossel U. Thermodynamic analysis of compressed airvehicle propulsion. European Fuel Cell Forum; 2009.http://www.efcf.com/e/reports/E14.pdf
[4]. Thipse S S. Compressed air car. Tech Monitor, 2008,1(2): 33–37
[5]. HE Wei et al. "Performance study on three-stagepower system of compressed air vehicle based onsingle-screw expander" science china, technologicalsciences, August 2010, pp:2299–2303

The historical backdrop of Monorail is an entrancing story of advancement by governments, organizations, business visionaries, transportation intrigue gatherings, scientists, and people. Today there are more than 100 establishments of different sorts and setups all through the world and a lot more are under development or are being considered. Taking a gander at the situation of India, if the plans take off, India will turn into the monorail capital of the world. In ongoing year Government of India's Ministry of Urban arranging and advancement had pronounced 100 brilliant urban communities everywhere throughout the India. This fantasy can't be finished without advancement..........

[1]. Ashish verma (2010) Challenges in Transportation Planning for Asian cities; J.Urban plan .2010.136:1.2.
[2]. Naohito Matsui (2012) Strategic Urban Public Transport Improvements in Japan APM-ATS 2011@ASCE2012.
[3]. Sadatsugu Nishiura and Mihoko M. Matsuyuki (2005) A ME plan model for Tama Urban Monorail; eastern Asia society for transportation studies vole 5pp.209-217,2005.
[4]. Taketoshi Sekitani, et.al. (2005) China's First Urban Monorail System in Chongqing.
[5]. Bo Wang (2003) Constructability Analysis of Monorail Project.
[6]. Thomas H. Hopkins (2001) G 4 a Nationwide High – Speed Monorail Grid for the United states, G4.

The paper describes the design, implementation and experimentation of an wall climbing rover. The objective of our project is to create a four wheeled robot capable of climbing vertical territory using techniques similar to those used by flying drone. When a flying drone fly's in air/ free territory. Its uses its propeller's to create suction from one side which results in lift from ground. However the robot will be driven by control of user. A four wheeled robot was chosen after considering the robot's capability Instead our new approach leads to less cost and a different approach.

[1]. S. Kim, M. Spenko, S. Trujilo, B. Yeyneman, V. Mattoli, and M. Cutkosky, "Whole body adhesion: hierarchical, directional and distributed control of adhesive forces for a climbing robot". IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pages 1268-1273, April 2007
[2]. A.T. Asbeck, S. Kim, and M.R. Cutkosky," Scaling hard vertical surfaces with compliant microspine arrays." The Int. J. of Robotics Research, 25: 11651179, 2006
[3]. R Zhang, P Vadakkepat, CM Chew, J Janardhanan. " Mechanical design and control system configuration of a humanoid robot." Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems 2003
[4]. P Vadakkepat, NB Sin, D Goswami, RX Zhang, LY Tan, "Soccer playing humanoid robots Processing architecture, gait generation and vision system" Robotics and Autonomous Systems 57 (8), 776-785
[5]. Jean-Claude Latombe,Oussama Khatib, Kenneth Salisbury." Design and implementation of an autonomous climbing robot" , a dissertation submitted to the department of computer science and the committee on graduate studies of stanford university.2014

Video analysis is big source of information today. Introduction to HEVC that is high-efficiency video coding standard has tremendous potential to lower the cost of data transfer and storage. HEVC provides forty percent or more than that of reduction in bit rate at the same visual quality. Looking over problem of limited bandwidth it became necessary to compress video data. to compress the data spatial and de correlated data is removed. This causes compressed data to serve as a vital resource for machine learning with significantly fewer samples for training. In this concept, an efficacious foreground extraction is obtain using novel spatio-temporal de-correlated block features taken directly from the HEVC compressed video..........

Index Terms: Background subtraction, HEVC, transform coding, statistical signal processing, video surveillance

[1]. R. J. Radke, S. Andra, O. Al-Kofahi, and B. Roysam, "Image change detection algorithms: A systematic survey," IEEE Trans. ImageProcess., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 294–307, Mar. 2005.
[2]. T. Huang, "Surveillance video: The biggest big data," Comput. Now, vol. 7, no. 2, Feb. 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.computer. Org/portal/web/computing now/archive/february2014
[3]. G. J. Sullivan, J. Ohm, W.-J. Han, and T. Wiegand, "Overview of the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard," IEEE Trans. CircuitsSyst. Video Technol., vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1649–1668, Dec. 2012.
[4]. Kyungnam Kim, Thanarat H. Chalidabhongse, David Harwood, Larry Davis."Real-time foreground–background segmentation using codebook model". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis andMachine Intelligence, Vol. 36, NO. 4, April 2014
[5]. T. Bouwmans, "Traditional and recent approaches in background modeling for foreground detection: An overview," Comput. Sci. Rev., vols. 11–12, pp. 31–66, May 2014.

it is a proposed system designed to do away with human involvement within the power system. IOT (internet of factors) is the network of bodily things with electronics software, sensors, and connectivity to permit items to collect and change statistics. IOT based totally automated meter studying is the technology of computerized collecting facts strength meter and shifting statistics to the server for billing process and if there's any tempering then also detectable. The net related to meter collect the statistics and display records on the lcd by using which we can read and understand the things which can be occurring the device. present day drawn also calculated via the modern transformer that linked in series with the burden may be proven at the lcd. This
information switch to sever unit at MSEB..........

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), LCD, Smart Energy Meter, Wi-Fi Module, Automatic billing.

[1]. https://www.sakshieducation.com/Engineering/Story.aspx?cid=12&nid=93694
[2]. https://www.microcontroller-project.com/8255-pinout-and-working.html
[3]. https://www.electronicwings.com/sensors-modules/esp8266-wifi-module
[4]. https://www.adafruit.com/product/386
[5]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoresistor

The automatic car washing system explained in this project minimizes the use of water and also manpower requirement. Our car washing system utilises control using PLC. SCADA system will be installed on the operator panel and hence the operator can monitor and control the whole process.Car washing system has three main processes namely washing, cleaning and drying; hence the exterior of the car will be washed by detecting the car on conveyor belt and further controlled by PLC & SCADA.

Keywords: Automation, SCADA, PLC.

[1]. IEEE: Accession Number: 16866406 Design and Development of Automatic Carwash System Anam Abid , Tahir Hasan, Taimoor Baig, Abdullah Jadoon https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7920704
[2]. IEEE: Accession Number: 17860708 PLC based Automatic Car Washing System using Proximity Sensors Ragini Gaikwad, Sidhesh Mohite, Mayuri Kharat, Jayendra Thakur
[3]. Amir Hossein Daei Sorkhabi, Bita Khazini;"Manufacturing of Full Automatic Carwash Using with Intelligent Control Algorithms;World Academy of Science, Engineering and TechnologyInternational Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:7, No:3, 2013
[4]. Janik, A. Kupiec," Trends in Modern Car Washing" Polish J. of Environ. Stud. Vol. 16, No. 6 (2007).
[5]. Johnson, C. D., Process Control Instrumentation Technology, Prentice Hall, 2006. Prof. Mhaske D.A., Bhavthankar R.G, Saindane A. R., Darade D.J.; "PLC Based Car Washing System"; International Journal Of Innovative Research In Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation And Control Engineering Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016.

This paper presents a technique for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) by exploiting the advantage of low- complexity ordered-dither block truncation coding (ODBTC) for the generation of image content descriptor. In the encoding step, ODBTC compresses an image block into corresponding quantizes and bitmap image. Two image features are proposed to index an image, namely, color co-occurrence feature (CCF) and bit pattern features (BPF), which are generated directly from the ODBTC encoded data streams without performing the decoding process. The CCF and BPF of an image are simply derived from the two ODBTC quantizes and bitmap, respectively, by involving the visual codebook..........

Keywords: Bit pattern feature, color co-occurrence feature, content-based image retrieval, ordered dither block truncation coding.

[1]. Xiaoyan Wang, Student Member, IEEE, Jie Li, Senior Member, IEEE, and Feilong Tang, Network Coding Aware Cooperative MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 25, NO. 1, JANUARY 2014.
[2]. ChunxiaoCai, YuemingCai, Senior Member, IEEE, Xiangyun Zhou, Member, IEEE, Weiwei Yang, Member, IEEE, and Wendong Yang, Member, IEEE When Does Relay
[3]. Transmission Give a More Secure Connection in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks?VOL. 9, NO. 4, APRIL 2014
[4]. Gaojie Chen, Member, IEEE, Zhao Tian, Student Member, IEEE, Yu Gong, Member, IEEE, Zhi Chen, Member, IEEE, and Jonathon A. Chambers, Fellow, IEEE Max-Ratio Relay Selection in Secure Buffer-Aided Cooperative Wireless NetworksVOL. 9, NO. 4, APRIL 2014

Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) trade is a standout amongst the practically powerful approaches for expanding unwavering quality, furthermore channel limit from claiming cutting edge remote correspondence frameworks. Eventually Tom's perusing definition, antennas from claiming MIMO correspondence frameworks incorporate various components and require secondary confinement the middle of the radiators. However, joining for different antennas nearly to a little space conservative gadget for support for beneficial confinement the middle of the radio wire components is rather muddled since those radio wire components few determinedly should one another. Also the shared conviction plane eventuallyoffering those surface currents and flows on it. Hence, extraordinary consistence systems for the radio antenna components need been created to powerful MIMO radio antennageometries.Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) is multi-antenna innovationssystems for whichantennas assistance make diverse channels with transmit Furthermore get information.

[1]. J. Gupta and A. K. Ksienski "Effect of mutual coupling on the performance of adaptive arrays", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 31, Sept. 1983.
[2]. R. S. Parbat, M. B. Kadu, R. P. Labade, "Quantitative solutions and approaches for mutual coupling reduction in MIMO antenna", ICACCE, IEEE, DOI:10.1109, 2015.
[3]. Rahul S. Parbat, Sagar D. Mahamine, Shekhar H. Bodake, Mahesh P. Aher, "Dual Polarized Triple Band Microstrip Antenna for GSM/WiMAX/WLAN Applications", 2016 International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques (ICACDOT), IEEE, 2016.
[4]. RS Parbat, AR Tambe, MB Kadu, RP Labade, "Dual polarized triple band 4× 4 MIMO antenna with novel mutual coupling reduction approach", 2015 IEEE Bombay Section Symposium (IBSS), 2015.
[5]. RS Parbat, MB Kadu, RP Labade, "Design of immensely isolated 2× 2 MIMO antenna for dual-polarized triple-frequency applications", 2015 IEEE Bombay Section Symposium (IBSS), 2015

Identity deception on social media platforms has become a growing problem with tremendous increase in number of accounts on social media. These fake identities can be used by offenders for various malicious purposes. This research aims at studying various classification techniques to classify fake vs. real identities on online social media platforms. Social networks have become popular due to the ability to connect people around the world and share videos, photos, and communications. One of the security challenges in these networks, which have become a major concern for users, is creating fake accounts. In this paper, a new model which is based on similarity between the users' friends' networks was proposed in order to discover fake accounts in social networks. Similarity measures such as common friends, cosine, Jaccard, L1-measure, and weight similarity were calculated from the adjacency matrix of the corresponding graph of the social network. To evaluate the proposed model, all steps were implemented on the Twitter dataset.

Keywords: Identity deception, Social media, Cyber crimes, Machine learning, Classification.

[1]. Estee Van Der Walt and Jan Eloff, "Using Machine Learning to Detect Fake Identities: Bots vs Humans," IEEE, 2018.
[2]. Indira Senet. al. "Worth its Weight in Likes: Towards Detecting Fake Likes on Instagram," ACM, 2018.
[3]. SurendraSedhai and Aixin Sun, "Semi-Supervised Spam Detection in Twitter Stream," IEEE , 2018.
[4]. Cao Xiao, David Freeman and Theodore Hwa , "Detecting Clusters of Fake Accounts in Online Social Networks," ACM , 2015.
[5]. Ikramet. al., "Combating Fraud in Online Social Networks: Detecting Stealthy Facebook Like Farms," ARXIV, 2016.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of blindness and visual impairment in developed countries, stemming solely from diabetes mellitus. Current screening methods using fundus images rely on the experience of the operator as they are manually examined. Automated methods based on neural networks and other approaches have not provided sensitivity or specificity above 85%. This work presents a Image Processing based method that directly identifies hard exudates and dot haemorrhages (DH) from 100 digital fundus images from a graded database of images using standard Image Processing techniques, and clinical observation and knowledge. Sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis are 95-100% in both cases. Positive and negative prediction values (PPV, NPV) were 95-100% for both cases. The overall method is general, computationally efficient and suitable for further clinical trials to test both accuracy and the ability to the track DR status over time.

Keywords: ........

[1]. Abramoff, MD Niemeijer, M Suttorp-Schulten, MSA Viergever, MA Russell, SR and Van Ginneken, B (2008). "Evaluation of a System for Automatic Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy From Color Fundus Photographs in a Large Population of Patients With Diabetes," Diabetes Care, 31(2):193-198.
[2]. Chia D, Yap E (2004). "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Detecting Diabetic Eye Disease: Diabetic Retinal Photography Versus Ophthalmic Consultation," Singapore Medical Journal, 45:276-279.
[3]. Ege BM, Hejlesen, OK, Larsen, OV, Moller, K, Jennings, B, Kerr, D and Cavan, DA (2000). "Screening for diabetic retinopathy using computer based image analysis and statistical classification," Computer methods and programs in Biomedicine, 62; pp. 165- 175
[4]. ETDRSRG (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group) (1991). "Early Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy," Ophthalmology, 98:766-785. and Related Disorders. 2009;7(3):221–230.
[5]. Fong D, Aiello L, Gardner T, King G, Blankenship G, Cavallerano J, Ferris F, Klein R (2003). "Diabetic Retinopathy," Diabetes Care, 26:226-229

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the part of bigdata processing, mental disturbance ends up in complications in skilled, instructional, social likewise as matrimonial relations. Inability to differentiate mental disarranges denies powerful treatment for patients. the explanation for this investigation was to exhibit doctors to guage the commonness likewise as nature of mental issue. Beside these lines, the elemental reason for our undertakings is to analyze the indications of individuals and to use contradiction to the circumstance to acknowledge the disordered individual. In our venture, info are given as discourse. Discourse are modified over into content utilizing Google arthropod genus Then by capital punishment the IP within the content, the individual are examined within the feeling of utilizing BDI queries. The created outcomes are place away. therewith response that the individual is standard or during a pitiful state. within the event that the following outcomes square measure antagonistic, that individual is discovered to be during a condition of dejection, at that time we'll propose many hints for the individual to go away that state. The prescribed cure can be to go to a specialist, do follow or get things done of intrigue.

Keywords: Wearable sensors, healthcare, bigdata, cloud computing, authentication, security

[1]. Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Assessment of depression in medical patients: a systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Clinics. 2013;68(9):1274-87.
[2]. Yang Y, Ma Z, Hauptmann AG, Sebe N. Feature selection for multimedia analysis by sharing information among multiple tasks. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. 2013 Apr;15(3):661-9.
[3]. Chandrashekar G, Sahin F. A survey on feature selection methods. Computers & Electrical Engineering. 2014 Jan 1;40(1):16-28.
[4]. Lazar C, Taminau J, Meganck S, Steenhoff D, Coletta A, Molter C, de Schaetzen V, Duque R, Bersini H, Nowe A. A survey on filter techniques for feature selection in gene expression microarray analysis. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB). 2012 Jul 1;9(4):1106-19.
[5]. Li X, Hu B, Sun S, Cai H. EEG-based mild depressive detection using feature selection methods and classifiers. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. 2016 Nov 1;136:151-61..

A helmet with smart features is very essential to make motorbike driving safer.This is implemented with the use of GSM technology. It is based on a simple principle with various sensors in it. Bump sensors are used to provide safety with jerks and hitting which is controlled by microcontroller board. The controller sends the data using the GSM module is interfaced to it. In this paper we discuss the helmet with accident detector. The transmitter and receiver are designed..

Keywords: .....

[1]. Thompson D C, Rivara F P, Thompson R. Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 19994CD001855 [PubMed]
[2]. Yan Zhang Li, Zheng Guo Wang, Zhi Gang Yin, Pei Fang Zhu, Chu-Fang, "The Relation Motorcyclists Personality and Driving Behavior and Traffic Accidents Occur Between [J]", China Clinical Rehabilitation, 2005.
[3]. Royal S T, Kendrick D, Coleman T. Non‐legislative interventions for the promotion of cycle helmet wearing by children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20052CD003985 [PubMed]
[4]. Roberts I. Cause specific social class mortality differentials for child injury and poisoning in England and Wales. J Epidemiol Community Health 199751334–335. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[5]. Macpherson A, Spinks A. Bicycle helmet legislation for the uptake of helmet use and prevention of head injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20072CD005401 [PubMed