In India Almost 20% of area is occupied by black cotton soil, on account of its high volumetric changes it is not suitable for construction. It swells and shrinks excessively due to presence of fine clay particles. Alternate swelling and shrinking of soil is responsible for differential settlement of structure so black cotton soil must be treated by using suitable admixtures to stabilize it. This works aim to study the effect of rubber tyre shreds and LDPE on properties of BC soil. In this program the various test such specific gravity (G), Atterbergs limit (liquid, plastic and shrinkage limit), optimum moisture content and maximum dry density, California bearing ratio, and triaxial compression test was performed on oven dry soil to know the basic properties of BC soil. The tyre shreds and LDPE...........

Keywords: Rubber Tyre Shreds, Low Density Polyethylene Plastic Waste, Back Cotton Soil.

[1]. Ayothiraman, R., Abilash Kumar Meena., Improvement of subgrade soil with shredded waste tyre chips. Proceedings of Indian Geotechincal Conference kochi, Paper no H –003. 2011, pp.365–368.
[2]. Baleshwar Singh and Valliapan Vinot," Influence of Waste Tire Chips on Strength Characteristics of Soils", Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Sep. 2011, Volume 5, No. 9 (Serial No. 46), pp. 819-827.
[3]. Dukare S. Barad P. (2016), "Effect of Rubber Tyre Shred on Properties of Black Cotton Soil", International Conference on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development (ICSTSD)- 2016.
[4]. Gatge S. H., Dr. P. G. Rakaraddi "Soil Stabilization Using Shredded Rubber Tyre Chips", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. V (Feb. 2014), PP 20-27.
[5]. Harsha Vardhan P., Yamunna M.(2017), "Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Plastic Waste" ",International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR).

Prestress concrete composite sections are highly versatile prestressed construction techniques as a result of it being an almost ideal combination of its two main constituents: high-strength steel, pre-stretched to allow its full strength to be easily realised; and modern concrete,pre-compressed to minimise cracking under tensile forces.It‟s wide range of application is due to low self-weight and its high load carrying capacity, which fulfils the need of economic construction in most areas of structural and civil engineering.This literature reviews analysis and design of different types of prestress concrete composite sections.Composite prestress concrete sections consist of precast pre-stressed sections and cast in-situ concrete. Stiffness, cracking moment, Pretensioned and Post-tensioned technique..........

Keywords: Prestressconcrete, high-strength steel, low self-weight,Topping slab,shoring, initial Stiffness,cracking moment, Pretensioned and Post-tensioned technique.

[1]. Fangzhou Liu, Jean-Marc Battin, Costin Pacoste, Alexandra Granberg (2017), "Experimental and Numerical Dynamic Analyses of Hollow Core Concrete Floors" Engineering Structures 12 286–297.
[2]. Eray Baran (2015), "Effects of cast-in-place concrete topping on flexural response of precast concrete hollow-core slabs" Engineering Structures 98 109–117.
[3]. Robert K. Dowell and Roy Auer (Summer 2011), "Flexure-shear behavior of precast concrete deck panels with cast-in-place concrete topping" PCI.
[4]. Henry G. Russell, John J. Roller, Robert N. Bruce, Jr., Barney T. Martin (1995), "Long-Term Performance of Prestressed, Pretensioned High Strength Concrete Bridge Girders" PCI J 1957 November-December 1995.
[5]. John J. Roller, Barney T. Martin, Henry G. Russell, Robert N. Bruce, Jr. (1993), "Performance of Prestressed High Strength Concrete Bridge Girders with deck slab" PCI JOURNAL.

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites provides a smart solution to ever-growing construction issues. Since FRP composites have higher superiority over traditional steel reinforcements they are being widely used in retrofitting of structures. Nowadays, Various methods of application and different composition of FRP composites are available to solve various problems in constructions. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on current and some important research papers that plays a vital role in determining the effect and properties of different FRP composites. The review highlights experimental, numerical and analytical studies on FRP composites. FRP composites are used for enhancing the flexural, shear, torsion capacity of RC elements and can also be provided to resist seismic, wind, environmental condition such as temperature, freeze and thaw, saline environment, etc.

Keywords: FRP, Strengthening, Concrete repair, External Bonding, strengthening of beam, strengthening of column.

[1]. Haifa Saleh, Robin Kalfat, KamiranAbdouka, Riadh Al-Mahaidi, punching shear strengthening of RC slabs using L-CFRP laminates, May 2019
[2]. HadiBaghi, Joaquim A.O. Barros, FatmirMenkulasi, Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with Hybrid Composite Plates (HCP) technique: Experimental research and analytical model, July 2016
[3]. Alberto Turco, Massimiliano Bocciarelli, Antonio Nanni, Carlo Poggi, Influence of width and thickness of composite laminates on the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams and slabs, June 2017
[4]. M.R. Mostakhdemin Hosseini, S.J.E. Dias, J.A.O. Barros, Flexural strengthening of reinforced low strength concrete slabs using prestressed NSM CFRP laminates,compositesb November 2015.
[5]. Jun Zhao, Guanghui Li, Zike Wang, Xiao-Ling Zhao, Fatigue behavior of concrete beams reinforced with glass- and carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP/CFRP) bars after exposure to elevated temperatures, September 2019

Reinforced concrete structures are more durable as it is capable to withstand the different environmental exposure. But corrosion of its reinforcement is the limitation to concrete's durability even if it of good quality which is cause due to penetration of chloride, moisture, etc. This paper reviews corrosion of the reinforcement embedded in concrete and rebar solely. Accelerated Corrosion Technique is adopted along with different water cement ratio used for evaluating corrosion by various researchers. Some researchers use minerals like fly ash as a replacement of cement to achieve economy. Various tests were conducted on specimen with corroded reinforcement and non-corroded reinforcement to compare loss in strength and its behaviour for different curing period............

Keywords: Corrosion, Reinforcement, Strength, Durability, Economic Design.

[1]. Naga Chaitanya, Vamsi Krishna,An Experimental Study of Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam Due To Corrosion,IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)Volume 11, Issue 4 Ver. II (Jul- Aug. 2014).
[2]. K. Venkateswara Rao,B. Devi Pravallika and K. Phani Krishna, Flexural Strength and Corrosion Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beams,International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT}),Vol. 5 Issue 02, February-2016.
[3]. Shrikant R. Kale and Sudhir Patil , Experimental Investigation Of Effect of Corrosion on Reinforced Concrete Beam, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT),Vol. 8 Issue 07, July-2019.
[4]. Xiaolin Zhang, Xuebing Liang, Zeqiang Wang, Hancheng Huang, and Haijun Zhou, An Experimental Study on Effect of Steel Corrosion on the Bond–Slip Performance of Reinforced Concrete,5th International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures, Jun 30–Jul 1, 2016.
[5]. Rizwan Azam, Ahmed K. EL-SAYED, Khaled SOUDKI, Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups subjected to Steel Reinforcement Corrosion,JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT,2016 Volume 22(2): 146–153.

Concrete is the most widely used building material in the construction of infrastructures such as buildings, highways, dams, and many other facilities. The increasing of worldwide production of ordinary Portland cement to meet infrastructure developments indicates that concrete will continue to be a chosen as the most common material of construction in the future. The production of cement consumes a lot of energy and increase CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Another alternative to make environment friendly concrete is the development of geopolymer which is an inorganic alumina – silicate polymer, synthesized from materials of geological origin or by product materials such as fly ash which is rich in silicon and aluminum. In this study, 2 mixes were produced to evaluate the effect of key parameters on the mechanical properties of concrete and its behavior. For curing of specimens ambient.........

Keywords: Compressive Strength, Concrete, Fly Ash, Geopolymer, Rebound Number

[1]. Shri Krishna Gurlhosur, Abdul Samad M Kamdod et. al., "A Comparative Study Of Green Geopolymer Concrete Using Fly Ash", Journal Of Science Engineering And Technology, Vol. 11, No. I, pp 26-32, August 2015.
[2]. Brett Temest, Olanrewaju Sanusi, "Compressive Strength And Embodied Energy Optimization Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete", world of coal ash (WOCA) Conference, May 2009.
[3]. Asha Philip, Ashok Mathew, "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete using GGBS", International Journal of Science and Research, Volume – 5, Issue – 5. ISSN No. 2319 – 7064, May 2016.
[4]. IS-3812: 2003 Specification for Fly Ash use.
[5]. IS-516-1959 (Reaffirmed 1999), Edition 1.2 (1991-2007), Methods of test for strength of concrete, (Compressive strength test of concrete).
[6]. M. S. Shetty, Concrete Technology, a division of S. Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1982.

Bamboo and steel are construction materials having varied engineering properties and qualities used for structural and other constructional applications. The fast growth and maturity pace of bamboo, sustainability, aesthetics, higher strength and low cost make it a strong construction material as a substitute for steel. For developing countries like India, steel is difficult to obtain because of expensive prices and for construction industry usage of steel is limited. In addition to this, production of steel has heavy consumption of fossils fuels. Hence it is very important to invent new building construction material, which is low cost, requires less sophisticated technologies and reliable construction methodology. Addition of steel fibers in discreet or patterned increases the mechanical properties of the concrete, especially flexural strength. Bamboo strips are also considered as main reinforcement by some of the researchers, while comparing the same with steel bars. Present research work deals with the addition............

[1]. Dr. Patel Pratima A, MaiwalaAdit R, GajeraVivek J, Patel Jaymin A, "Performance Evaluation of Bamboo As Reinforcement In Design Of Construction Element", International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES), (2013), 55- 63.
[2]. Thingujam Jackson Singh, SutanuSamanta, "Characterization of natural fiber reinforced compositesbamboo and sisal: a review", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (2013), 187-196.
[3]. Dr. Shakeel Ahmad, AltamashRaza, and Hina Gupta, "Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fibre Reinforced Concrete", 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICRSET‟2014), 161- 166.
[4]. Humberto C. Lima Jr., Fabio L. WillrichNormando, P. Barbosa, Maxer A. Rosa, Bruna S. Cunha, "Durability analysis of bamboo as concrete reinforcement" Materials and Structures (2008) 981–989.
[5]. Ade Sri Wahyuni, FepySupriani, Elhusna, Agustin Gunawan, "The performance of concrete with rice husk ash, sea shell ash and Bamboo fibre addition", 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials (2014), 473-478.

As more amount of researches are focused to explore different grey areas in sustainable material technology as the demand for construction material is heavily increasing. This research deals with study on the performance of Sustainable Paving Unit. Structural designers are more concerned on use of suitable material / technology in day to day construction practices. Considering that in view an Endeavour has been made to investigate the feasibility of using granite aggregate in concrete. Literature survey has shown various fiber materials and granite aggregate properties and their behavior on concrete that have potential to be used as feasible material. Among those materials industrial waste granite is adopted to see whether those materials can be used in mass construction. Therefore, the prime objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing waste granite material for preparing the concrete of M40 grade with locally available material. The addition of small granite aggregate to concrete would.........

Keywords: Sustainable Material, Granite Waste, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength

[1]. Osman Gencela et al. "Properties of concrete paving blocks made with waste marble" A Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey.
[2]. ShowkatMaqboolBhat "A Comparative Study Of Amalgamation Of Various PET Fibres In Concrete And Their Influence On Mechanical Properties: A Review" Dept. of civil Engineering, SOET, BGSB University-Rajouri (J&K), India. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development.Volume 5, Special Issue 01, Jan.-2018.
[3]. M. Krishnamoorthy et al. "Durability Studies on Polyethylene Terephthalate (pet) Fibre Reinforced Concrete" Research Scholar, School of Civil Engineering, Karunya University, Tamilnadu, Coimbatore, India. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017.
[4]. Sudarshan D. Kore and A. K. Vyas "Impact of Marble Waste as Coarse Aggregate on properties of lean cement concrete." Research Scholar and Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017
[5]. Jay P. Chotaliya, Kuldip B. Makwana, Pratik D. Tank, "Waste Marble Chips As Concrete Aggregate" B.E. CIVIL, G.E.C, Rajkot. 2016 IJEDR Volume 4, Issue3 ISSN: 2321-9939.

Due to an earthquake life, financial, mental losses and other bad effect are growing. In some condition there is increase in losses due to absence or improper severability of lifeline structure after disaster. So serviceability of lifeline structure (mostly hospital and bridges) after earthquake is more important in earthquake prone zone. Conventional earthquake resistant design will increase strength and ductility but structure will not be serviceable after major earthquake. So, there is a need to find additional way to protect lifeline structure. In this state of art, vibration control of a structure with help of varies new age dampers are discussed. This paper provides classification of control system, basic principle, construction, working, application and placing of Viscous fluid (VFD) and Magneto-rheological dampers (MR).

Keywords: Earthquake, vibration control, Seismic control systems, viscous fluid dampers, MR damper

[1]. Ambraseys N. N. E1 Asnam (Algeria) "earthquake of 10 October 1980; conclusions drawn from a field study". Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 14, 1981, pp. 143-148.
[2]. Tanida, K., Koike, Y., Mutaguchi, K., and Uno, "Development of hybrid active-passive damper." Active and Passive Damping, 2 PVP-Vol. 211, 21-26(1991)

[3]. B .E Spencer, Jr and a S.J. Dyke " MR dampers -New approach for Protection of Structures" Conference on Decision and Control Kobe, Japan December 1996
[4]. S.J. Dyke, B.F. Spencer Jr., M.K. Sain and J.D. Carlson "Modeling and Control of Magnetorheological Dampers for Seismic Response Reduction"1996
[5]. Symans, M.D and Constantinou, M.C. "Seismic Testing of a Building Structure with a Semi-Active Fluid Damper Control System", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 26, No. 7, pp. 59-77. (1997).