Background: The application of biological weed control is an alternative strategy to ensure agricultural sustainability since its improvement and expansion will contribute to limiting excessive use of herbicides. Materials and Methods: In this study, the allelopathic effect of five ecotypes of Cenchrus ciliaris L. on seed germination of three weed species (Lolium rigidum G., Daucus carota L. and TorilisnodosaL.) was tested through aqueous extracts obtained from aerial part. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions using eleven different concentrations (0, 6.5, 7.5, 12.5, 14, 15.5, 17, 18.5, 20, 21.5 and 23%)...........

Keywords: Cenchrus; Allelopathy; Seed germination; Aqueous extracts; Phenolic compounds.

[1]. Arowosegbe S, Wintola OA, Afolayan AJ (2012) Phytochemical constituents and allelopathic effect of Aloe ferox Mill. root extract on tomato. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6:2094-2099https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.839
[2]. Bachheti A, Sharma A, Bachheti RK, Husen A, Pandey DP (2020) Plant Allelochemicals and Their Various Applications. In: Mérillon JM., Ramawat K. (eds) Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham.
[3]. Carvalho MSS, Andrade-Vieira LF, Santos FEd, Correa FF, das Graças Cardoso M, Vilela LR (2019) Allelopathic potential and phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts from five species of Amaranthus spp. in the plant model Lactuca sativa. Sci Horticul 245:90-98https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.001
[4]. Cheam AH (1984) Allelopathy in buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) Part II. Site of release and distribution of allelochemical in the soil profile. Australian Weeds 3:137-139
[5]. Dallali S, Lahmayer I, Mokni R, Marichali A, Ouerghemmi S, Bel Hadj Ltaief H, Sebei H (2014) Phytotoxic effects of volatile oil from Verbena spp. on the germination and radicle growth of wheat, maize, linseed and canary grass and phenolic content of aerial parts. Allelopathy Journal 34:95-106

This study assessed the quarterly concentration of heavy metals in Ikorodu, southwestNigeria. Water samples were collected from 29 different locations in Ikorodu and assessed for the presence and concentrations of heavy metals. The results obtained indicated negligible amounts of Aluminum, Arsenic, Mercury, Cadmium and Cobalt in the water samples. Concentrations observed for Calcium, Magnesium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Magnesium, and Potassium were relatively higher forearly dry, late dry, and early wet seasons but declined in the late wet season. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the average concentration of the metals in the different seasons (p > 0.05). The study showed no significant changes in the average concentration of heavy metals assessed through the different seasons. The average concentration of Lead for Ikorodu groundwater was found to be higher than the recommended WHO standards indicating a potential health risk for the residents of the area. It is recommended that residents treat the water for Lead removal prior to consumption.

Keywords: Groundwater, Heavy metals, Physicochemical properties, Ikorodu, Assessment

[1]. Abiola, O. P. (2010). Lead and Coliform Contaminants in Potable Groundwater Sources in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria.Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology (Vol. 2, Issue 5). http://www.academicjournals.org/jece
[2]. Adeola, A. A.,Chinedu, V. N.,Olatunde, M. A.,Longinus, K. N. and Omosileola, A. J. (2015). Groundwater Quality Assessment In Eliozu Community, Port Harcourt, Niger Delta, Nigeria. International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(12). www.ijstr.org
[3]. Agwu, A., Avoaja, A. G. and Kalu, A. U. (2013). The Assessment of Drinking Water Sources in Aba Metropolis , Abia State , Nigeria. 3(4), 72–76. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20130304.02
[4]. Ali, S., Rubinaand Hussain, S. (2018). Assessment of Freshwater Springs, Associated Diseases and Indigenous Perception in Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 34(1), 121–124. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.341.13956
[5]. Attahiru, M., Yakubu, S. E. and Abubakar, K. (2016). An Assessment of the Bacteriological Quality of the Drinking Water Sources and its Health Implications on Residence of Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria.Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences, 4(2), 144–148. www.saspublisher.com

CFD simulations were done using ANSYS Fluent 2021 for a square cavity filled with air to study the laminar as well as the turbulent heat transfer process developing inside the cavity. For the turbulent case k-e, k-w standard and k-w SST models were used. The results of Fluent model were compared with the experimental results given in the literature. The results show that using CFD is a promising method to predict the intricate heat transfer and natural convection occurring inside the cavity. The figures and tables show a good agreement with the experimental results. Each figure shows the comparison of either the velocity or the temperature profile with the benchmark data while the tables show the comparison of the Nusselt number with the Experimental Nusselt.

Keywords: CFD, laminar Natural convection, Turbulent Natural convection, square cavity.

[1]. Gan, G., & Awbi, H. B. (1994). Numerical simulation of the indoor environment. Building and Environment, 29(4), 449-459.
[2]. Awbi, H. B. (1996). Air movement in naturally-ventilated buildings. Renewable energy, 8(1-4), 241-247.
[3]. Gan, G., & Riffat, S. B. (2004). CFD modelling of air flow and thermal performance of an atrium integrated with photovoltaics. Building and Environment, 39(7), 735-748.
[4]. Hassani, A. V., & Hollands, K. G. T. (1989). Prandtl number effect on external natural convection heat transfer from irregular three-dimensional bodies. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 32(11), 2075-2080.

Sustainable development is the principle for meeting human development, natural resources and ecosystem services upon goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide that which the economy and society depend. The present unsustainable development compromises the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Global warming, destruction of the ozone shield, acidification of land and water, desertification and soil loss, deforestation and forest decline, diminishing productivity of land and waters, and extinction of species and populations, demonstrate that human demand is exceeding environmental support capacities. This system of development hinders our future survival and development. The desired scenario is a state of society where living conditions and resource use continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system......

Keywords: Development, Engineering, Education, Sustainable, Green economy.

[1]. Al-Rawahy K. H. (2012). Engineering Education and Sustainable Development: the Missing Link. 6th International Forum on Engineering Education (IFEE).
[2]. Amos O. A. and Uniamikogbo E. (2016). Sustainability and Triple Bottom Line: An Overview of Two Interrelated Concepts. Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2; pp. 92-93.
[3]. Bell S. (2013). Engineering in Society. Royal Academy of Engineering; pp. 8-9.
[4]. Brusseau M. L. 2019. Environmental and Pollution Science Book. Third Edition. Published by Elsevier B.V., pp. 617-633.
[5]. Dunmade I. S. (2016). Sustainable Engineering: A Vital Approach to Innovative Product Development and Community Capacity Building. Covenant University Press, Inaugural Lecture Series. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.

The study of the semiconductor construction and therefore the examination of physical look of the SOI-FinFET device has been industrial to approximation the standards of the surface potential by resources of rule. The model of the SOI-FinFET has surface potential that is to be investigated the options within the sub threshold region identical of the I-V characteristics, sub threshold swing and threshold voltage. the developed models and therefore the bestowed analysis exploitation TCAD tool development. by enhancing the dimensional structures, a sub threshold swing (STS) rate will from fifty five to sixty mV/decade and just about zero.35 to 0.40 V of threshold voltage of are often appreciated for SOI-Fin FET.

Keywords: SOI-FET, Surface-Potential, TCAD, Drain-Current.

[1]. Wen-Tsung Huang and Yiming Li, "Electrical characteristic of 16-nm-gate trapezoidal bulk FinFET devices with fixed top-fin width induced by random discrete dopants", Nanoscale Research Letters (2015) 10:116.
[2]. Abhijeet Walke , Garrett Schlenvogt , Santosh Kurinec , "Design strategies for ultra-low power 10 nm FinFETs",Solid-State Electronics 136 (2017) 75–80.
[3]. Lucas Prilenski , P.R. Mukund, "A sub 1-volt subthreshold bandgap reference at the 14 nm FinFET node", Microelectronics Journal 79 (2018) 17–23.
[4]. Mohamed Mounir Mahmouda, NorhayatiSoinb , "A comparative study of lifetime reliability of planar MOSFET and FinFETdue to BTI for the 16 nm CMOS technology node based on reaction-diffusionmodel", Microelectronics reliability 97 , 2019,pp 53-65.
[5]. Nebojsa D. Jankovic, Chadwin D. Young , "Experimental Evaluation of Circuit-Based Modeling of the NBTI Effects in Double-Gate FinFETs", Microelectronics Reliability 59 (2016) 26–29.