The rapid growth of global systems of communication (GSM) is witnessed in many countries of the world. There have been a lot of challenges associated with its growth, especially in developing countries, like Nigeria, where public power supply is a epileptic. Right from its introduction in Nigeria in 2001, most of the GSM operators used diesel generators to run their base stations. This problem has persisted. An economic cost of running base stations with diesel generators was carried out using a base station of one of the GSM operators in Akwa Ibom state as a case study..The cost of powering a base station located at Gibbs street in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state was investigated for a period of four years. The average annual cost (AAC) was obtained and the accounting rate of cost (ARC) evaluated.........

Key words: Cost, GSM base station, power source, diesel, mini-hydro, solar, windmill

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Produced water that accompanies crude oil production has been a major challenge facing the petroleum industry. This produced water is associated with some constituents such as inorganic, organic, and some elements that are harmful to the environment. In these modern days, the negative impact it creates on the environment has been a serious concern, therefore, there is a need to mitigate /eliminate the impact. However, there are several techniques whereby the produced water can be treated. One of the techniques that have received attention in crude oil emulsion is a chemical method using demulsifiers. This paper captures a comparative.........

Key words: Demulsifier; specific gravity; emulsion; viscosity; cloud point

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The conditioning of drilling mud is very essential in improving its rheological properties. As a result, oil and gas companies spend millions of US Dollars to import oilfield additives. This adds greatly to the total drilling cost. However, these additives can be sourced from locally sourced biomass. This has always been at the front burner of research at the local content level, as many of these wastes constitute environmental pollution. Hence, recycling them, especially the wood ash which is the end-product of the combustion of wood wastes into useful oilfield cement additives becomes very important. Wood wastes are on top of the list of biomass-raising environmental concerns over decades. Its conversion to wood ash by incineration has not abated the challenge posed by it because wood ash (WA) accumulation is hard to manage.........

Key words: lignosulphonate, wood ash, rheology, polymer, viscosity, additive, biomass

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[3]. Athanasopoulou, A. (2013). Addition of lime and fly ash to improve highway subgrade soils. J. Mater. Civil Eng., 26, 773–775.
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[5]. Annune J. Eric, Nwafor Christiana, Shawon M. Caesar, Ahmed Yakubu Ahmed (2020). Production and Characterization of Wood Ash Pozzolan of Melina and Cashew Tropical Woods. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 11, Issue 10, October-2020 735 ISSN 2229-5518

The present paper deals with the problem of computing critical velocities of axially exponentially graded fluid-conveying long pipes resting on a Winkler foundation with simply supported boundary conditions. Generally long pipes are used extensively in fluid transporters, mass power plant fluid delivery pipe systems. The velocity of the medicinal fluid in the carbon nanotube imparts energy to the medical kit making it to vibrate. It is well established from published literature that there exists a critical velocity of the conveying fluid near which the natural frequency of the long pipes tends to zero. This is the required condition for buckling of the long pipes. Literature abounds with analyses, which give information on the influence of boundary conditions on the stability of long pipes conveying fluids..........

Key words: Critical velocity, Exponentially Graded long pipes, Winkler foundation.

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Taking Busan, Republic of Korea as the research object, the temporal and spatial pattern changes of different land cover types in 2010-2020 were analyzed, and the urban surface temperature of Busan, a typical area of rapid urbanization, was inversed, and the difference of surface temperature of different land use types and the relationship between surface temperature and NDVI were analyzed. The results show that the average surface temperature in Busan metropolitan area is generally the trend of construction land > grassland > cultivated land > forestland in 2011, which is basically consistent with the trend in 2015 and construction land > grassland > forestland > cultivated land in 2019. Generally speaking, from 2011 to 2020, the spatial distribution of urban thermal environment in Busan is basically consistent with the spatial distribution of urban construction land. Construction land has become the main factor affecting the intensity of urban heat island.

Key words: Land cover types, Temporal and spatial pattern, Surface specific radiation, Land surface temperature

[1]. Srivastava A, Shukla S, Singh P, et al. Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use/cover and land surface temperature in Prayagraj city, India[J]. Indoor And Built Environment.
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Recently studies on building information modelling have become a significant area of consideration by researchers. Currently, bibliometrics analysis increasingly plays a significant role in combining previous studies' outcomes to effectively advance the current information to develop a line of study and result-oriented understanding. Though numerous studies have been reported on building information modelling, limited research has explored the publication trends in this area of sustainability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to fill the void by conducting a bibliometrics analysis of publication trends in building information modelling. The Web of Science database was hunted for publications from 2012 to 2022 with "building information modelling" in the heading.........

Key words: Building information modelling, bibliometric analysis, construction, sustainable environment, publication trend, Web of Science.

[1]. Ade-Ojo, C. O. and Awodele, O. A. (2020). Awareness of BIM pre-requisites for skill development among built-industry professionals in Nigeria. In book: The Construction Industry in the 4th Industrial Revolution pp. 188 – 196. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26528-1 19.
[2]. Ade-Ojo, C. O. and Ogunsemi, D. R. (2019). Cost prediction for affordable housing in Nigeria. In Greening Affordable Housing. e-Book 1st Edition ISBN = 9781315103556 pp.17 CRC Press
[3]. Aria, M.; Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J. Informetr. 11, 959 – 975.
[4]. Avis, D. and Nils, K. (2015). Greencertification and building performance: Implications for tangibles and intangibles. The Journal of Portifolio Management. doi:10.3905/jpm.2015.41.6.151; 1 -15
[5]. Deng, Z.; Chen, J.; Wang, T. (2020). Bibliometric and visualization analysis of human coronaviruses: Prospects and implications for COVID-19 research. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 10, 529.

The study aims to analyze the standards of cafes and rental offices, types of service systems, various attributes and their meanings by specifically observing workplace cafés. The study observed two cafés in Semarang by reviewing the management applied to the cafe and what effect it has on the layout and their users. To support the analysis, observations were made on the behavioral mapping of the two cafes. By focusing on the concept of a shared dining room, the obtained results showed some attributes that need to be considered such as accessibility, comfortability, and visibility. Behavioral aspect of visitors of workplace cafés are used as guidelines for design recommendations according to the required attributes. Recommending designs are proposed to highlight the easibility of two observed objects. The proposed design is particularly focused on the shared dining room, in order it is in accordance with the architectural guidelines. To support the reconfiguration, three-dimensional visualization is presented.

Key words: Dining table, design, easibility, workplace cafeteria, attributes

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[2]. Bookman, S. (2014). Brands and urban life: Specialty coffee, consumers, and the co-creation of urban café sociality. Space and culture, 17(1), 85-99.

[3]. Budie, B., Appel-Meulenbroek, R., Kemperman, A., & Weijs-Perree, M. (2019). Employee satisfaction with the physical work environment: the importance of a need based approach. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 23(1), 36-49.
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[5]. Byrne, D. (2016). Around the table: Food and eating practices in children's residential centres in Ireland. Hospitality & Society, 6(3), 257-278.