Paper Type	::	Research Article
Title	::	Mitigation of Power Oscillations Using UPFC with Intelligent Technique
Country	::	India
Authors	::	K.Saravanan, Dr. R. Anita, Dr. C. Manoharan, M.Arulvizhi
Page	::	01-11
	::	10.9790/3021-02820111
ANED :		0.4/3021-02820111
		3021-0208-0211

In addition to steady-state power flow control, damping oscillations in a power network is one of the primary applications of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC).Mitigation of the power oscillations is accomplished by changing the power flow through the series part of the UPFC. Newton Raphson algorithm is implemented for load flow studies. The parameters of UPFC are optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Installation of UPFC with such optimal parameters will minimize the overloaded lines and the bus voltage destructions under critical contingencies. Validation through the implementation on the IEEE-14 bus and IEEE-30 bus system shows that the PSO based UPFC is found feasible to achieve the task. The simulation results of the network with and without using UPFC is compared with GA a challenge to highlight the merit of the proposed PSO based UPFC controller.

 

Keywords: - Stability, Flexible ac transmission systems, Unified Power Flow Controller, Voltage Stability Index, Particle Swarm Optimization.

[1] N.G.Hingorani, L.Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS,‖Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. IEEE press, 2000.

[2] L.gyugi, ―A unified power flow concept for flexible AC transmission systems,‖IEEE proc.c 139(4)1992.

[3] L. Gyugyi, C. D. Schauder, S. L. Williams, T.R. Reitman, D. R. Torgerson, and A. Edris,"The unified power flow controller: A newapproach to power transmission control,"IEEETrans. Power Delivery, vol. 10, pp.1085–1097, Apr. 1995.

[4] Konstantinos E. Parasopoulos and Michael N. Vrahatis, "On the Computation of All Global Minimizers Through Particle Swarm optimization", IEEE Trans. On Evolutionary Computation, vol. 8, No. 3, June 2004

[5] Kennedy and R. Eberhart, Particle Swarm Optimization, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Vol.IV, pp.1942-1948, Perth, Australia, 1995.

[6] M. Kowsalya, K. K. Ray and D. P. Kothari, "Loss Optimization for Voltage Stability Enhancement Incorporating UPFC Using Particle Swarm Optimization‟‟, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.492 -498, 2009.

[7] LijiunCai, and IstvanErlich, "Optimal choiceand allocation of FACTS Devices usingGenetic Algorithms," ISAP IntelligentSystems Application to Power Systems, August 31-September 3, 2003.

[8] http://www.siemens/td.com/trancSys/pdf/cost/effectiveReliabTrans.pdf

[9] K. Lee, Y. Park and J. Ortiz, "A united approach to optimal real andreactive power dispatch", IEEE Trans PwrApparSyst vol. PAS-104, no.5, pp. 1147-1153, 1985.

[10] The IEEE 57-Bus Test System, Available online:http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca. .

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Paper Type	::	Research Article
Title	::	Low Power Realization of FIR Filters Using Optimization Techniques
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Er. Neha Goyal, Er. Jyotisana Rishi
Page	::	12-18
	::	10.9790/3021-02821218
ANED :		0.4/3021-02821218
		3021-0208-0218

In this paper an algorithm for optimizing coefficients of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, so
as to reduce power dissipation of its implementation on a programmable Digital Signal Processor is presented. We
then present an algorithm that optimizes coefficients so as to minimize the Hamming distance and signal toggling.
Two such techniques "Steepest descent‟ and "Genetic Algorithm‟ are presented to minimize these measures of power
dissipation .Experimental results on a FIR filter example show that the Genetic coefficient optimization algorithm
results is best in reduction of the total Hamming distance and total number of signal toggles than Steepest descent.

 

Keywords: Finite Impulse Response (FIR), Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

[1] Edward A.Lee, "Programmable DSP Architectures : Part I" , IEEE ASSP Magazine ,October 1998,pp 4-19

[2] TMS320C2x/C5x User's Guides, Texas Instruments, 1993.

[3] C.-L. Su, C.-Y. Tsui, and A. M. Despain, "Saving power in the control path of embedded processors," IEEE Design Test Comput., pp. 24–30,Winter 1994

[4] G.-K. Ma and F. J. Taylor, "Multiplier policies for digital signal processing," IEEE ASSP Mag., Jan. 1990, pp. 6–19.

[5] F. Najm, "Transition density: A new measure of activity in digital circuits," IEEE Trans. Computer-Aided Design, pp. 310–323, Feb. 1993.

[6] K. K. Parhi, "Algorithms and architectures for high-speed and lowpower digital signal processing," in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Advances in Commun. Contr., Rhodes, Greece, June 1993.

[7] M. T.-C. Lee, V. Tiwari, S. Malik, and M. Fujita, "Power analysis and minimization techniques for embedded DSP software," IEEE Trans.VLSI Syst., pp. 123–135, Mar. 1997.

[8] Dusan Kodek and Kenneth Steiglitz, "Comparison of Optimal and Local Search methods for Designing Finite Wordlength FIR Digital Filters", IEEE transactions circuits and systems vol. CAS-28, no.1, January 1981.
[9] Goldberg David E., "Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning", Pearson Education Asia, 2002.

Paper Type	::	Research Article
Title	::	Fuzzy logic based automation and control simulation of Sulfuric acid manufacturing process: A case study
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dinesh Singh Rana
Page	::	19-35
	::	10.9790/3021-02821935
ANED :		0.4/3021-02821935
		3021-0208-0235

Control of Chemical Plant is important because it further comprises of small plants ranging from water control up to the chemical composition control. Most of the chemical processes are non linear and non stationary. Also the process dynamics of these processes is not well understood due to some unknown disturbances. So fuzzy logic control is best suited for such types of processes where process dynamics is complex. In present paper, a Fuzzy logic system has been purposed that is particularly suited for Sulfuric acid plant. The system design starts from identification of inputs, Outputs and choosing the membership function for each condition from normal operation up to emergency operation of sulfuric plant. A complete automation and control of sulfuric acid production process has been implemented which show consistent results.

 

Keywords: - Fuzzification, Inference Engine , defuzzification, process dynamics, membership functions

[1] Anna vasickaninova, Monika Bakosova, Dalibor Puna, Fuzzy Logic Control of a Chemical Reactor With Disturbances, 33rd international conference of SSCHE, May 22–26, 2006, Tatransk´e Matliare, Slovakia, vol. 132 pp. 1-8.
[2] Saeed Vaneshani and Hooshang Jazayeri-Rad, Nonlinear control of a chemical plant employing a combination of fuzzy logic and particle swarm optimization Techniques, International Journal Of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) volume 33– no.9, November 2011, pp 6-13.
[3] E. R. Nucci; R. G. Silva; T. C. Gomes; R. C. Giordano; A. J. G. Cruz, a Fuzzy logic Algorithm for Identification of the Harvesting threshold during PGA production by Bacillus Megaterium, Brazilian journal of chemical engineering, vol.22 no.4, sao paulo Dec. 2005, pp 1-6.
[4] Vasickaninova, M. Bakosova, Cascade fuzzy logic control of a Chemical Reactor, 15th int. conference process control 2005, Strbske Pleso, Slovakia, pp1-5, vol.175 June 7–10, 2005.
[5] M. santos, J.M. De La Cruz, S. Dormido, Influence of the information processing in fuzzy logic controllers, IPMU 96, Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge Based Systems , Granada, Spain, July 1-5, 1996.
[6] P.B. Osofisan, and O.J. Obafaiye, fuzzy logic modeling of the fluidized catalytic cracking unit of a petrochemical refinery, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, volume 8. No. 1. May 2007 (spring), pp59-68.
[7] Dinesh Singh Rana and Rajiv Sharma, "Fuzzy Logic Based Automation of Green House Environmental parameters for Agroindustries-A Simulation Approach" IJAER , Vol6 No.5(2011)pp662-666
[8] Rajvir Sharma, Dinesh Singh Rana etal, "A Fuzzy Logic based Automatic Control of Rotary Crane (A Simulation Approach)", Advance Materials Research, Vols.,403-408(2012)pp4659-4666
[9] D.F. Ahmed, S.K.H. Al-Dawery and H.A.O. Al-Anbari, On-Line Control of the Neutralization Process Based on Fuzzy Logic, Emirates journal for engineering research, vol. 12 (2), 89-97 (2007).
[10] Sourabh Dash, Raghunathan Rengaswamy , Venkat Venkatasubramanian, Fuzzy-logic Based trend Classification for Fault Diagnosis of Chemical Processes, Computers and Chemical Engineering Vol.27 , pp. 347-/362, 2003

Paper Type	::	Research Article
Title	::	A Study on Customer Satisfaction in Jothi Plastic Works, Dharmapuri
Country	::	India
Authors	::	J.MAHALAKSHMI,R.SUDHA , M. NAGAJOTHI
Page	::	36-41
	::	10.9790/3021-02823641
ANED :		0.4/3021-02823641
		3021-0208-0241

Customer satisfaction is one of the primary goals of marketing activities and may lead to increased purchases by customers and increased profits for the firm. Customer satisfaction is equivalent to making sure that product and Service performance meets customer expectations. Customer satisfaction is the perception of the customer that the outcome of a business transaction is equal to or greater than his/her expectation The main aim of the study is to know whether the customers are satisfied with PVC pipes and their level of satisfaction. Various factors are considered to determine the satisfaction level like Price, Color, Size, Service etc. This study tries to give suggestions and recommendation to increase the satisfaction level of the product.

 

Keywords: - Customer, Customer satisfaction, Competitors, Price, Quality

[1] Marketing Management, 11th Edition – Philip Kotler Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi

[2] Research Methodology, 2nd Edition– C.R. Kothari New Age International, New Delhi

[3] Customer Relationship – H. Peeru Mohmed & Sagadevan

[4] Consumer Behaviour– Charls Marshal

[5] Marketing Research – Hari, Bush Ortiinao

Paper Type	::	Review Article
Title	::	Corporate Vulnerability, External Financing and Size as Determinants of Corporate Capital Structure: A study on select Indian Industries
Country	::	India
Authors	::	A K Das Mohapatra
Page	::	42-46
	::	10.9790/3021-02824246
ANED :		0.4/3021-02824246
		3021-0208-0246

Research studies have produced both affirmative and dissenting evidences in respect of a particular factor or group of factors as clear determinants of corporate capital structure. Scott (1972) and Scott and Martin (1976) have empirically established that industrial class has a bearing on the firm's capital structure. Scott and Martin (1976) also support the view that size might shape the firm's debt-equity mix. Remmers, Stonehill, Wright and Beekhuisen (1974) have presented contrary opinion that neither 'size' nor 'industry class' is a clear determinant of the firm's use of debt capital. The present study, conducted on 626 selected non government and non financial companies spread across industries in India reveals that 'corporate vulnerability', 'external financing' and 'size' have significant influence on the capital structure of the firms.

 

KEY WORDS: External financing, financial leverage, income gearing, operating leverage, profitability, size of the business.

[1] Donaldson, G., 'Corporate Debt Capacity', Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, Boston, 1961, p.3

[2] Kumar, S., and Jain, P., 'Industry-wise patterns of financing of fixed assets by corporate sector in India', Finance India, Vol.III, No.III, September 1989, pp.281-292.

[3] Ferri, Michael G., and Jones, Wesley H., Determinants of Financial Structure: A New Methodological Approach, The Journal of Finance, Vol. XXXIV, No.3, June,1979.

[4] Modigliani., and Miller, M.H., ' The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment', American Economic Review, Vol. 48, June,1958

[5] Remmers, L., Stonehill, A., Wright, R. and Beekhuisen, T., Industry and Size as Debt Ratio determinants in Manufacturing Internationally, Financial management, Summer, 1974, pp.24-32.

[6] Remmers L., Stonehill A., and Wright R., and Beekhuisen T., Industry and Size as Debt-Ratio Determinants in Manufacturing Internationally, Financial Management, Vol.III, Spring, 1975.

[7] Scott, D.F., Jr., Evidence on the Importance of Financial Structure, Financial Management, Summer, 1972, pp.45-50.

[8] Scott, D.F., Jr. and Martin, J.D., Industry Influence on Financial Structure, financial Management, Spring, 1976, pp.35-42.

[9] Singh, R.A., 'Determination of Corporate Financial Structure', Indian Journal of Commerce, Vol.XXL, Part-1, No.74, March 1968, pp.85-102.

[10] Mohapatra, A. K. D, Determinants of Corporate Capital Structure: Evidence from Indian Industries, Asian Journal of Management, Vol.3, No.I, January-March, 2012, pp.10-13

 

Paper Type	::	Research Article
Title	::	Microcontroller-based 4 Quadrant Trainer for Drives
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Santosh Verma, C. Khare, Sanjay Verma, Ajay Sharma
Page	::	47-51
	::	10.9790/3021-02824751
ANED :		0.4/3021-02824751
		3021-0208-0251

This paper describes the development of an experimental four quadrant drive trainer for speed control of dc motor drive. A firing scheme based on a microcontroller to control an anti parallel connected single phase thyristor dual converter is presented. The dc motor drive consists of a 0.25 h. p. separately excited dc motor. This trainer is used by the students in the electric drives laboratory to control the speed of dc motor under different load conditions and understand the working of motor in all four quadrants. The control strategy used is as simple as possible that helps even the naive users to understand basic four quadrant operation. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme gives good dynamic and static performance for the speed control systems and practical knowledge for the students.

 

Keyword: - Microcontroller, ZCD, SCRs, Dual converter, Pulse-Transformer, D.C. motor, current sensor.

[1] Teerawat Thepmanee, Sawai Pongswatd, Prapart Ukakimapurn, and Kitti Tirasesth, Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand , "The Technique to Generate Firing Signal of Converter for Linear DC Output", The University Electro-Communications, Japan ,SICE Annual Conference 2008 August 20-22, 2008.

[2] Molevkutty George , "Speed control of Separately Excited DC motor", American Journal of Applied Sciences 5 (3): 227-233, 2008.

[3] Feraga Chams-Eddine, Bouldjedri Abdallah and Yousfi Ali, "Uniform pulse-width modulation (UPWM) three phase four quadrant ac-dc converter fed dc motor drive", Asian journal of Information Technology 5(7): pp: 761-766, 2006.

[4] K. M. Rahman1, M. A. Choudhury2 and Tofayel Ahmed Zulfikar3 1Department of Mechatronics, International Islamic University Malaysia "an AT89C51 microcontroller based control circuit for dual three phase controlled rectifier" 3rd International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering ICECE 2004, 28-30 December 2004, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

[5] Kim Tae- Woo, Kim Hack-Sung, "New ZCS PWM Converter with operating a dual converter", IEEE, 2003.

[6] Tipsuwanpom V. , Sum-Im T., Suesut T., Piyarat W. Sawaengsinkasikit W. , "New Technique Controlling of 4-Quadrant DC Motor Drive", IEEE 2000.

[7] S. P. Chowdhury, Dr. S. K. Basu, R. Mondal, "A model of microcontroller based speed control of a dc motor with interactive display", IEEE Trans. On Power system, vol.7, No. 1, Feb. 1992.

[8] S. J. Ranade, "An automated data acquisition and processing system using personal computers for an undergraduate electric machinery laboratory," presented at the IEEE/PES 1988 Winter Meeting, New York, NY, Jan. 31-Feb. 5, 1988, paper 88 WM 055-6.

[9] A. H. M. S . Ula and J. M. Wu, "Design and demonstration of a microcomputer controller for an industrial sized DC motor," IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., vol. EC-3, pp. 11 1-1 15, Mar. 1988.

[10] T. K. M. Babu and C. V. Nayar, "A microprocessor controlled dc drive," Internat. J. Elect. Eng. Educ., vol. 23, no. I , pp. 43-50, Jan. 1986.

Paper Type	::	Review Article
Title	::	Innovative Conceptual Design on Car using TRIZ Method for Optimum Parking Space
Country	::	India
Authors	::	N Manohar, Praveen Kalla
Page	::	52-57
	::	10.9790/3021-02825257
ANED :		0.4/3021-02825257
		3021-0208-0257

There has been a wide gap in the growth of infrastructure and the growth of the Indian automobile industry, there is already a huge parking problem that the country faces today. For the less informed, India is currently the 11th largest passenger car market in the world and as per the estimates, it will be the third largest market in the world by the end of 2020. There have been several debates about the changes required in the Parking Act in order to be future ready but at the same time; the government cannot lose its focus on developing new mechanisms and installing modern parking solutions. Parking convenient trendy automotive designs are the need of the hour. These designs should be safe and convenient for the drivers and passengers. This paper presents the innovative conceptual design to expand/contract the car when required. A new problem solving method TRIZ is used to re-design the car. Furthermore, this method can help a designer to solve the design contradiction. In addition, computer aided engineering (CAE) is also applied to evaluate the telescopic car chassis strength of a car design by finite element method.

 

Keywords - Triz Theory, Telescopic Car Chassis, Car Body, CAE, finite element method.

[1] George E Dieter, "Engineering Design", third edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill

[2] C. Gao, creative conceptual design ideas can be gotten with triz methodology, proceedings of the TRIZ conference paper, school of mechanical engineering, shandog university, jinan, 2005.

[3] Hsin – Sheng Lee and Long – Chang Hsieh, Innovative Design of an Automatic Car – Door Opening System, IMECS, 2009. [4] D.K. Lau, TRIZ development model in china, proceedings of the TRIZ conference, University of Electronics Science and Technology, 2005.

[5] J. Hipple, the use of TRIZ principles in consumer product design, proceeding of the TRIZ conference, Milwaukee, 2006. [6] Ideation International Inc., "Tool of Classical TRIZ", 1999.

[7] S.Butdee and F. Vignat, journal of AMME,2008.

[8] Kitti Wirotrattanaphaphisan, Innovative Conceptual Design for a Convenient Car Seat, Sirindhorn International Thai – German Graduate School of Engineering, 2007.

[9] Kah – Hin Chai, Jun Zhang and, Kay – Chuan Tan, A TRIZ- Based Method For New Service Design, 2005.

[10] James Scanlan, TRIZ – 40 Principles, University of Southampton, Module SESA3002a

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