Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance Analysis of Daubechies Wavelet in Image Deblurring and Denoising
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Raj Ranjan Singh|| Satyabrata Das
Page No.	::	01-05
	::	10.9790/3021-03120105
		0.4/3021-03120105
		3021-0301-0205

Images get blurred when they are acquired and contaminated by noise while being transmitted,hence it is necessary to restore the image and remove the noise present in the image.The deconvoluion is performed for removing blur from the image in many application such as astronomy, remote sensing and medical imaging etc.In this paper we have used wavelet transform to deblur the image and Daubechies wavelet is used for this purpose.We have compared the performance of wavelet based deconvolution with the Weiner deconvolution method. The simulation has been performed by contaminating the image using different types of blur and signal to noise ratio in both cases have been calculated .

Keywords: Daubechies wavelet, signal to noise ratio, wavelet transform, wavelet based deconvolution, Weiner deconvolution

[1] Jain Anil K., Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Davis: Prentice-Hall of India, 2000.
[2] D. Kundur and D. Hatzinakos, Blind image deconvolution, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 43-64, Feb. 1996.
[3] P.Premaratne and I.Burnett, Role of wavelet transforms in image restoration, TENCON 2004. IEEE Regio10 Conference, vol. A, 243-246., 21-24 November 2004.
[4] R.Neelamani, H.Choi and R.Baraniuk, FoRWaRD: Fourier-Wavelet Regularized Deconvolution for Ill-
Conditioned Systems, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 418-433, Feb.2004.
[5] Raghuveer M. Rao and Ajit S. Bopardikar, Wavelet Transforms–Introduction to theory and applications,Pearson Education 2002.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Nash Equilibrium Solution In Trapezoidal Fuzzy Environment
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sibasis Bandyopadhyay || Prasun Kumar Nayak || Madhumangal Pal
Page No.	::	07-14
	::	10.9790/3021-03120714
		0.4/3021-03120714
		3021-0301-0214

In this paper the bimatrix game with symmetric trapezoidal pay -off is considered.At first trapezoidal number ranking method for such games is defined and then we define Nash equilibrium solution for pure strategies and mixed strategies.The inequality constraints involving trapezoidal co-efficients are reduced in their satisfactory crisp equivalent form and a satisfactory solution of the problem is established.Numerical example is given to illustrate the methodology.

 

Keywords - Bi-Matrix game,Symmetric trapezoidal number,Nash equilibrium.

[1]. P.K. Nayak and M. Pal, Solution of rectangular fuzzy games, OPSEARCH, 44(3),2009, 211-226.
[2]. P.K. Nayak and M. Pal, Solution of interval games using graphical method, Tamsui Oxford Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 22(1),2006,95-115.
[3]. P.K. Nayak and M. Pal, Linear programming technique to solve two person matrix games with interval pay-offs, Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research,26(2),2009,285-305.
[4]. A.L Narayan, A.R. Meenakshi and A.M.S. Ramasamy, Fuzzy Games, The Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics, 10,2002, 817-829.
[5]. I. Nishizaki and M. Sakawa, Equilibrium solutions for multiobjective bimatrix games incorporating fuzzy goals, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications ,86 ,1995, 433-457.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Concrete Reinforcing Value of Recycled Steel Bars in Uganda
Country	::	Canada
Authors	::	Senfuka C. || Kirabira J.B. || Byauhanga J.K.
Page No.	::	15-19
	::	10.9790/3021-03121519
		0.4/3021-03121519
		3021-0301-0219

The energy absorbing capacity of the reinforcement bars in concrete only occurs after the yield point. If the yield point of steel is too high, stresses in the concrete reach failure level before the yield point of the steel, allowing the formation of large shear and bond stresses at time of yield and ultimate brittle collapse. High yield is equally associated with reduced yield platform and energy absorption. Steel reinforcement bars in Uganda, mainly cold twisted, are often of high yield even though they amply meet the standard ductility requirements. This has largely been attributed to their recycled origin. This research investigates the relationship between the elevated yield values and the residual element content which in turn is a direct result of steel recycling.

 

Keywords: steel reinforcement, residual elements, yield point, ductility, recycled steel.

[1]. Bull D. , Allington C., 2003. L, N and E Grade 500 Reinforcing Steel.
[2]. Callister William D., 2007. Materials Science and Eng. An introduction, 7th Ed, J. Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[3]. Janke D., Savov L., Weddige H.J., E. Schulz (2000). Scrap-Based Steel Production and Recycling of Steel. Freiberg University of Mining and Technology.
[4]. Marique C., 1998, Tramp elements and steel properties: a progress state of the European project on scrap recycling (C.R.M., Liège, Belgium).
[5]. Meyers, Marc André; Chawla, Krishan Kumar, 2009. Mechanical Behavior of Materials (2nd Ed.) Cambridge University Press pg 420-425.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Ferromagneto Toroidic Space Groups
Country	::	India
Authors	::	M.Vijaya Laxmi || S.Uma Devi
Page No.	::	31-37
	::	10.9790/3021-03123137
		0.4/3021-03123137
		3021-0301-0237

The full symmetry group of the crystal is called its Space group. The elements of space group are Combinations of the point group operations and translations. The 440 Ferroelectric space groups, viz the Heesch –shubnikov space groups, which are symmetry groups of Ferroelectric electric-dipole arrangements in crystals are already derived [4]. In this paper, we show that although Ferromagnetotoroidic point groups are 57, the number of Ferromagnetotoroidic spacegroups sum upto 728, and three Ferromagnetotoroidic spacegroups are tabulated by using Opechowski and Guccione symbols.

 

Keywords: space groups, Ferroelectric space groups, Ferromagnetotoroidic space groups, Magnetic space groups, point groups and grey groups

[1]. Aizu, K. (1970), Phys. Rev. B, @, 754-772
[2]. Litvin, D.B., Acta Cryst. (2008) A 64, 316-320
[3]. Litvin, D.B., Acta, Cryst, (2007), Section A
[4]. Litvin, D.B.Acta. Cryst. (1968). A 42, 44-47
[5]. ASchER, E & Janner, A.G.M… properties of Shubnikov point groups. Battelle institute, Geneva, Switzerlavel.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Optical, Structural and Morphological Study of TiO2 Thin film using Sol-gel Spin Coating Techniques
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Supekar A.K. || Bhise R.B. || Thorat S.S.
Page No.	::	38-41
	::	10.9790/3021-03123841
		0.4/3021-03123841
		3021-0301-0241

Titanium Dioxide films were synthesized on glass substrate by using sol-gel spin coating method. The thin film samples were characterized for its structural and optical properties. The synthesis was carried out by optimizing preparative conditions, such as Temperature (T), pH, Concentration, Time to get uniform, adherent and pinhole free films. The prepared films were pre-annealed at 300°C and post-annealed at 500°C. Structural properties of Titanium Oxide thin films were studied by XRD pattern. Scherrer's formula was used to calculate crystallite size. Surface morphological of Titanium Oxide films studied using SEM which shows granular surface. The band gap energy was calculated with the help of UV-VIS Spectroscopy.

 

Keywords-Titanium Oxide thin films spin coating, sol-gel method, XRD, SEM, UV-Visible Spectroscopy.

[1]. R.L. Twite, et al, (1998), Progress of Coating, Vol 33., PP-91.
[2]. A.R.Phani, et al.,(2001), Structural characterization of iron Titanium Oxide synthesized by Sol-gel Spin coating technique., Material Letters,Vol-50,PP 240-245.
[3]. P. Courty, et al.,(1970), J. of American Ceramic Society., Vol-53.,PP-56.
[4]. Y.Kubota, et al.,(2001), Application of Titanium Oxide in Solar Cell, J. of Photochemistry, Vol 141., PP-215.
[5]. H.S.Shen, et al., (1993), Titanium oxide photo catalyst with palladium., Chemical Material., Vol-5.,PP 284-288.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameters of Khudia Dam in Mungeli District, Chhattisgarh
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr. Manish Upadhyay || Vijay Laxmi Gupta
Page No.	::	42-45
	::	10.9790/3021-03124245
		0.4/3021-03124245
		3021-0301-0245

This Paper Present to study of the Physico-chemical Parameters of Khudia Dam in Mungeli District, Chhattisgarh. Monthly Changes In Physical and Chemical Parameters Such as Water Temperature, Transparency, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Free Carbon dioxide, and Total Hardness, Chlorides, Alkalinity, Phosphate and Nitrates. Were analyzed for a periods of one year from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2012. All Parameters were within the Permissible limits. The results indicate that the Dam is Non-polluted and can be used for Domestic, Irrigation and Pisciculture.

 

Keywords:- Aquatic ,Perennial, Physico-Chemical Parameters, Monthly variation.

[1]. Pandey, A. K., Siddiqi S. Z. and Rama Rao (1993): Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of Husain sagar, an industrially polluted lake, Hyderabad. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol. 2(2), 161-167.
[2]. Trivedy, R. K. and Goel P. K. (1986): Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental Publication, Karad, Maharashtra.
[3]. Kodarkar M. S. (1992): Methodology for water analysis, physico-chemical, Biological and Microbiological Indian Association of Aquatic Biologists Hyderbad; Pub.2: pp. 50.
[4]. APHA (1985): Standard Methods For Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington D. C.
[5]. Jayabhaye, U. M.; Pentewar M. S. And Hiware C. J. (2006): A Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters of a Minor Reservoir, Sawana, Hingoli District, Maharashtra.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Power Quality Improvement in DFIG based Wind Energy Conversion System using UPFC
Country	::	India
Authors	::	M. Rama Sekhara Reddy || Dr. M. Vijaya Kumar
Page No.	::	46-54
	::	10.9790/3021-03124654
		0.4/3021-03124654
		3021-0301-0254

The wind energy generation, utilization and its grid penetration in electrical grid are increasing worldwide. The wind generated power is always fluctuating due to its time varying nature and causing stability problem. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is used to control the power flow in the transmission systems by controlling the impedance, voltage magnitude and phase angle. This controller offers advantages in terms of static and dynamic operation of the power system. A Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is an electrical device for providing fast-sensation on high-voltage electricity transmission networks. UPFC uses a pair of three-phase controllable bridges to produce current that is injected into a transmission line using a series transformer. The controller can control active and reactive power flows in a transmission line. The UPFC is a combination of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) coupled via a common DC voltage link. The main scope of this paper involves in simulation of DFIG based wind energy conversion system with UPFC using MATLAB/ SIMULINK.

 

Keywords: DFIG, UPFC, FACTS, Power quality, THD, Harmonics, STATCOM, SSSC.

[1]. J. G. Slootweg and W. L. Kling, Wind power in power systems, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 2005.
[2]. A. Morales and J.C. Maun: "Power quality responsibilities by grid impedance assessment at a wind power production", CIRED, Barcelona, Spain, 12-15 May 2003.
[3]. S. W. Mohod and M. V. Aware," Power quality issues & its mitigation technique in wind energy conversion," in Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. Quality Power & Harmonic, Wollongong, Australia, 2008
[4]. Dr. Rakesh Saxena, Sonali Barod, "Analysis of power Quality in power Supplies", International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 8, August-2012
[5]. Power Quality issues standards and guide lines‖, IEEE, Vol-32, May96

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A TMS DSP processor based case study of Grigoryan FFT performance over Cooley-Tukey FFT TMS320C6748, TMS320C5515)
Country	::	South Korea
Authors	::	Narayanam Ranganadh || Rekha Andal Vangala
Page No.	::	55-60
	::	10.9790/3021-03125560
		0.4/3021-03125560
		3021-0301-0260

Frequency analysis plays vital role in the applications like cryptanalysis, steganalysis [6], system identification, controller tuning, speech recognition, noise filters, etc. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a principal mathematical method for the frequency analysis. The way of splitting the DFT gives out various fast algorithms. In this paper, we present the implementation of two fast algorithms for the DFT for evaluating their performance. One of them is the popular radix-2 Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform algorithm (FFT) [1] and the other one is the Grigoryan FFT based on the splitting by the paired transform [2]. We evaluate the performance of these algorithms by implementing them on the TMS320C6748 (fixed point), and TMS320C5515 DSPs. We developed C programming for these DSP processors. Finally we show that the paired-transform based algorithm of the FFT is faster than the radix-2 FFT, consequently it is useful for higher sampling rates. Working at higher data rates is a challenge in the applications of Digital Signal Processing.

 

Index Terms:- frequency analysis, fast algorithms, DFT, FFT, paired transforms.

[1]. James W. Cooley and John W. Tukey, "An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier
Series", Math. comput. 19, 297-301 (1965).
[2]. Artyom M. Grigoryan and Sos S. Agaian, "Split Manageable Efficient Algorithm for Fourier and
Hadamard transforms", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Volume: 48, Issue: 1, Pages: 172 –
183, Jan.2000.
[3]. TMS320C6748 development kit & data sheet.
[4]. TMS320C5416 development kit & data sheet.
[5]. CC Studio getting started guide, for C/C++, IDE.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Study of Processes and Equipment of the Modern Food and Medicaments Sonochemistry
Country	::	India
Authors	::	S. Shestakov || O. Krasulya || B. Krasulya || R. Rink
Page No.	::	61-67
	::	10.9790/3021-03126167
		0.4/3021-03126167
		3021-0301-0267

The article described to the study of reactions initiated by cavitation that affect the interaction between the molecules of solutions through hydrogen bonds. They can be attributed to applied sonochemistry, and when it comes to the solutions, which are used in food processing or in medicines - to the food and medicaments sonochemisrty. Such reactions do use of sonochemistry in the food industry is safe if taken to prevent the formation in water during cavitation the oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide. This can be achieved if prevented of reactions in the gas phase inside the cavitation bubbles or remove oxygen of air from the solution. A process suppression of unwanted reactions without sacrificing performance sonochemical equipment is described.

 

Keywords - Сavitation, Sonochemistry

[1]. Taleyarkhan R. et al. Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation. Science, V.295, 2002, 1868-1873
[2]. Ashokkumar M., Rink R., Shestakov S. Hydrodynamic cavitation – an alternative to ultrasonic food processing. Electronic Journal "Technical Acoustics", http://www.ejta.org, 2011, 9
[3]. Ashokkumar M. et al. A New Look at Cavitation and the Applications of Its Liquid-Phase Effects in the Processing of Food and Fuel. Applied Physics Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2012, 19-29
[4]. Margulis M. Basics sonochemistry. Chemical reactions in the acoustic field. (Moscow: High School, 1984) (in Russian)
[5]. Jinesh K. B., Frenken J. W. M. Experimental evidence for ice formation at room temperature. Physical Review Letters, 101, 2008, 036101.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance of proposed earth-Tank Heat Exchanger: A Computational Study
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Ajoy Debbarma
Page No.	::	68-72
	::	10.9790/3021-03126872
		0.4/3021-03126872
		3021-0301-0272

Research activities are ongoing to develop Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX) with the purpose to achieve a high efficiency and to improve their economical competitiveness. However, there is still a big deficiency in understanding and prediction of soil temperature in various depths on earth. In this paper, tank were proposed in the conventional model and has been investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT to provide basic knowledge of the Air flow behaviour and to gather the first experience in the application of CFD codes to heat transfer in Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX). .An Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX) is a simple subterranean cooling system that utilizes the stable soil temperature that is cooler than ambient temperature in summer. A single pass earth-tube heat exchanger (ETHE) was performed to study its performance in cooling. ETHE is made of 0.5 m long 10 cm diameter ms pipe at inlet and 3.5 m long outlet tank with both wall thickness of 3 mm. A 1 m2 area tank is buried at 3 m deep below surface. Ambient air is supply. Air at 11 m/s. Computational cooling tests was carried out using k-epsilon standard and RNG model. In this paper an earth-to air heat exchanger was considered based on summer cooling system. Numerical model shows ETHE was able to reduce the temperature of hot ambient air by as much as 9.8oC in May. This natural geothermal based system can decrease heating loads and significantly reduce the room air temperature during summer seasons.

 

Keywords - Earth Tank Heat Exchanger, Earth-air, cooling potential.

[1] Ajoy Debbarma, Down to Earth – For low Cooling by Earth Heat Exchangers in residential building, International Conference on Control, Communication, Computer Technology and Mechanical Engineering-2012
[2] Girja Sharan and Ratan Jadhav, Performance of Single Pass earth-Tube Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Study
[3] Miroslaw Zukowski1, Beata Sadowska2, Wieslaw Sarosiek3, assessment of the cooling potential of an earth-tube heat exchanger in residential buildings environmental engineering the 8th International Conference May 19–20, 2011, Vilnius, Lithuania Selected papers
[4] Al-Ajmi, F. et al. 2006. The cooling potential of earth–air heat exchangers for domestic buildings in a desert climate. Building and Environment, 41: 235–244.
[5] Sharan G. and Jadhav R. (2003). Soil temperature regime at Ahmadabad. Journal of Agricultural Engineering.