Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Review of Multi-criteria Optimization Methods – Theory and Applications
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	G. O. Odu ||, and O. E. Charles-Owaba
Page No.	::	01-14
	::	10.9790/3021-031020114
	::	0.4/3021-031020114
		3021-0310-0214

A review of multi-criteria optimization concepts and methods is presented. The techniques provide solutions to the problems involving conflicting and multiple objectives. Several methods based on weighted averages, priority setting, outranking and their combinations are employed. The application and procedure in respect to material selection is presented. It is observed from the literature that no single approach is superior, rather, the selection of a specific method depends on the type of information that is provided in the problem, the designer‟s preferences, the solution requirements and the availability of software adopted.

 

Keywords: - Decision making, multi-criteria, multi-objective optimization, preferences, material selection,

[1] Adeyeye A. D. and Oyawale A. F. (2010). Multi-objective methods for welding flux performance optimization. RMZ-Materials and Geoenvironment 57.2: 251-270.
[2] Akalin, O., Akay, K. U., Sennaroglu, B., Tez, M. (2010). Optimization of chemical admixture for concrete on mortar performance tests using mixture experiments. Chemom. Intelligence Laboratory System. vol 104, pp. 233-242.
[3] Ashby M. F. (2000). Multi-objective optimization in material selection. Acta Materilia, vol. 48, pg. 359-369.
[4] Ashby M. F. (2005). Materials selection in mechanical design, Third Edition, Elsevier.
[5] Bridgman, P. W. (1922). Dimensional Analysis. New Haven. Yale University Press.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Investigation and Analysis on Library Service Quality
Country	::	China ‎
Authors	::	QiYun, Zhang
Page No.	::	15-23
	::	10.9790/3021-031021523
	::	0.4/3021-031021523
		3021-0310-0223

Since the development of the information technology, there have been great changes in the functions and the nature of university library. This paper takes Tianjin Polytechnic University as a case study and attempts to make an investigation and analysis on the service quality of library by questionnaire. Based on SPSS 16.0 statistical analysis, this study revealed the status quo of readers' satisfaction on the library service, analyzed the problems and made related strategies and suggestions in order to facilitate and enhance the library service quality.

 

Key words: - library service service quality readers' satisfaction investigation and analysis

[1] Cuihong Hu. (2011). Study and Application the Performance Evaluation System Based on Network Technique. International Conference on Engineering Management.
[2] Hong yue, Chang Lin. (2010). Development of Library Subject Service System in the Network Environment. International Conference on Industrial Mechatronics and Automation.
[3] Jia Ji'e. (2012). Study on Readers' Satisfaction on Library Service Quality. Journal of Modem Information.
[4] Lucia Tsui, Sidney Cheng, Ivan Chan. (2003). Digital Library service Initiative of the Hong Kong Institute of Education Library. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University.
[5] Ma Jiangbao. (2012). The analysis of the Survey on Library Service Quality in Guangong Communication Polytechnic. Journal of Guangdong Communications Polytechnic.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Simulation of Engine Power based on Mean Value Model
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Hui Meng ||, Liqiang Wang ||, Zongqi Han ||, andShubin Lei,
Page No.	::	24-27
	::	10.9790/3021-031022427
	::	0.4/3021-031022427
		3021-0310-0227

The intake system sub-model, the fuel dynamics sub-model and the power output sub-model has been studied in this paper based on Elbert Hendricks engine mean model. Engine output characteristics using computational model is established in MATLAB/Simulink. Parameter of the modeling and simulation process is obtained through experiments, and finally, the engine bench test is done, and compared it with the simulation curve in same conditions. The results show that the model calculation has smaller error, higher precision, and which can meet the basic requirements of the engine modeling in actual control.

 

Keywords: - Engine, modeling, simulation, bench test, Simulink.

[1] MaozhaoXie. Internal combustion engine to calculate the combustion. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology Press, 2005:4-87, In Chinese.

[2] JingmingZhang, GuifanZhao, LibiaoJiang. Engine characteristics to calculate the model vehicle performance computing. Car engines, 2010, (3) 26-28,In Chinese.

[3] Alain Chevalier, Martin Muller, Elbert Hendricks. On the Validity of Mean Value Engine Models During Transient Operation. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2000-01-1261, 2000.3:1-24.

[4] FengWu, JinlongHu, BowenZou. Simulation and experimentalstudy ofEFI gasoline's manifold filling dynamics model. Chinese internal combustion engine engineering, 2006, (3)25-28, in Chinese.

[5] Rob Karmiggelt. Mean value modelling of a SI engine. Eindhoven University of Technology, 2008.10:4-9.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from Indian Prawn (Fenneropenaeus Indicus) and its Applications on Waste Water Treatment of Local Ghee Industry
Country	::	Pakistan
Authors	::	Zeenat M. Ali ||, Abdul Jabbar Laghari ||, Abdul Khalique Ansari ||, Mohammad Yar Khuhawar
Page No.	::	28-37
	::	10.9790/3021-031022837
	::	0.4/3021-031022837
		3021-0310-0237

Chitosan; an organic biopolymer, a natural biodegradable material with high molecular weight was derived and extracted locally from Indian prawn (Fenneropenaeus Indicus) through deacetylation process. Chitosan carries charges at different pH levels, below pH 6.5 it carries strong cationic charges and above this pH strong anionic charges, therefore it has strong affinity for ions because it comprises of sequenced amino groups (–NH2) and hydroxyl groups (–OH). In present study, extracted chitosan was characterized by FTIR, SEM and EDS, the same was successfully applied for the treatment of industrial waste water of ghee industry located in SITE area of Hyderabad (Sindh), Pakistan. The experimental conditions such as; chitosan dosage, optimum pH and mixing times were examined for flocculation process. The chitosan showed marked difference by successfully flocculated the negatively charged suspended particles, thereby reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Conductivity levels in industrial waste water. The secondary parameter equally important determined was Dissolved Oxygen (DO) which is required to sustain aquatic life. The experimental optimum conditions were obtained at 1% chitosan in 1M acetic acid, pH 4 and 5 minutes of mixing time at 1000 rpm and 25 minutes of settling time. The highest flocculation efficiency of chitosan observed under these conditions was 80.1% COD removal, 91.8% Turbidity removal, 72.5% TDS removal and 73.7% reduction in conductivity. It is found to absorb grease, toxic material, fats and oils. The main advantages of chitosan are; biodegradability, nontoxic in nature having fast settling velocity, low dosage, high removal efficiency, being economical, and cost efficient.

 

Keywords – Biopolymer, Chitosan, Flocculant, Indian Prawn, Waste Water

[1] Chenite, C. Chaput, D. Wang, C. Combes, M.D. Buschmann, C.D. Hoemann, J.C Leroux, B.L. Atkinson, F. Binette, A. Selmani, (2000), "Novel Injectable Neutral Solutions of Chitosan form Biodegradable Gels in Situ", Biomaterials, 21 (21): 2155-2161.
[2] Domard, M. Rinaudo, and C. Terrassin, (1989), "Adsorption of Chitosan and a Quarternized Derivative on Kaolinite", Journal Applied Polymer Science. 38: 1799-1806.
[3] H. Mohd Ariffin, and L. L. Liew, (2007), "Wastewater Treatment at Petroleum Refinery by Using Chitosan in Flocculation", Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Thesis Degree.
[4] L. Ahmad, S. Sumathi, and B. H. Hameed, (2006), "Coagulation of Residue Oil and Suspended Solid in Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Chitosan, Alum and PAC", Chemical Engineering Journal, 118, pp.99-105.
[5] Abdul Karim Shah, Zeenat M. Ali, Abdul Rehman Memon, A. Jabbar Laghari, Moina Akhtar Mughal, Syed Farman Ali Shah, Hussain Saleem, (2013), "Exploitation of Low Cost Coal Fly Ash Adsorbent with Coagulants for the Treatment of Industrial Complex Nature Dyes Wastewater", IJSER Vol. 4, Issue 9, pp.109-119.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of Measuring Profile and Metallic Structure on Soil Resistivity
Country	::	Saudi Arabia
Authors	::	Mosleh Maeid Al-Harthi
Page No.	::	38-47
	::	10.9790/3021-031023847
	::	0.4/3021-031023847
		3021-0310-0247

Soil resistivity measurements are considered very important task for grounding system design and analysis. The metallic structures in vicinity of grounding system have significantly effect on the performance of grounding system. Ideally, soil resistivity measurements should be made in the absence of buried metallic conductors or structures. Soil resistivity measurements may have to be made in the presence of the grounding system, if the performance of an existing grounding system is necessary to review or evaluate. Soil resistivity measurements made with the Wenner are carried out with and without a nearby grounding grid, in Taif (KSA) soil. Comparisons are made between the results, with and without the grounding grid, to show the effect due to the presence of the grid. The influence of different metallic structures and modified measurement profiles which reduce the influence of metallic structures will be discussed. A mathematical model for computing the soil resistivity in case of multilayer soil will be investigated. A new technique is proposed to calculate the grounding resistance of multilayer soil by a numerical method as current simulation method.

 

Index Terms: - Grounding grids, Earth surface potential, Step voltage, Touch voltage, Boundary element method, Charge simulation method, current simulation method.

[1] F. Dawalibi, C. J. Blattner "Earth resistivity measurement interpretation techniques", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-103, No. 2, February 1984, pp. 374-382.
[2] T. Takahashi, T. Kawase "Analysis of apparent resistivity in a multi-layer earth structure" IEEE Transaction on Electrical Insulation, Vol. 5, No. 2, April 1990, pp 604-612.
[3] Enrique Mombello, Oscar Trad, Jorge Rivera, Albert0 Andreoni," Two-layer soil model for power station grounding system calculation considering multilayer soil stratification", Electric Power Systems Research 37 (1996), pp. 67-78.
[4] Jovan Nahman , Ivica Paunovic, "Resistance to earth of earthing grids buried in multi-layer soil", Electrical Engineering (2006) 88: pp. 281–287.
[5] Lagace, P.J. , Vuong, M.H. "Graphical User Interface for Interpreting and Validating Soil Resistivity Measurements" IEEE ISIE 2006, July 9-12, 2006, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp. 1841-1845.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial and Antifungal Studies of Schiff base Polymers derived from Methylene bis Cinnamaldehyde
Country	::	Pakistan
Authors	::	Moina Akhtar Mughal ||, Akhtar Hussain Mughal ||, Zeenat M. Ali ||, Ghulam Zuhra Memon ||, Mohammad Yar Khuhawar ||, Hussain Saleem
Page No.	::	48-55
	::	10.9790/3021-031024855
	::	0.4/3021-031024855
		3021-0310-0255

The present study explores the synthesis and characterization of all the compounds via Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen (C.H.N.) analysis with infrared, ultraviolet spectroscopy. Antibacterial and Antifungal studies of these compounds against different antibacterial and antifungal microorganisms gave important findings. Six new Schiff base polymers Poly 4,4-methylene bis(cinnamaldehyde) 1,2-diiminopropane (PMbCPn), Poly 4,4-methylene bis(cinnamaldehyde) 1,3-diiminopropane (PMbCPR), Poly 4,4-methylene bis(cinnamaldehyde) ethylenediimine (PMbCen), Poly 4,4-methylene bis(cinnamaldehyde) 1,2-phenylenediimine (PMbPCPh), Poly 4,4-methylene bis(cinnamaldehyde) Urea (PMbCU), Poly 4,4-methylene bis(cinnamaldehyde) Semicarbazide (PMbCSc), and Poly 4,4-methylene bis(cinnamaldehyde) Thiosemicarbazide (PMbCTSc), were prepared by polycondensing these polymers with methylene bis cinnamaldehyde by a general method. The monomer and Schiff base polymers presented considerable antimicrobial results.

 

Keywords –Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimicrobial, Characterization, Polymers, Synthesis

[1] Abdul Karim Shah, Zeenat M. Ali, Abdul Rehman Memon, A. Jabbar Laghari, Moina Akhtar Mughal, Syed Farman Ali Shah, Hussain Saleem, (2013), "Exploitation of Low Cost Coal Fly Ash Adsorbent with Coagulants for the Treatment of Industrial Complex Nature Dyes Wastewater", IJSER, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Vol. 4, Issue 9, pp.109-119.
[2] Airong Song, Stephen G. Walker, Kathlyn A. Parker, and Nicole S. Sampson, (2011), "Antibacterial Studies of Cationic Polymers with Alternating, Random, and Uniform Backbones", ACS Chemical Biology, 6(6), pp.590-599.
[3] Banerjee, Susanta, Chhaya Saxena, Pranav K. Gutch, and Dinesh C. Gupta., (1996), "Poly-Schiff bases-II. Synthesis and Characterization of Polyetherketoimines", European Polymer Journal, 32 (5), pp.661-664.
[4] Bottino, F. A., Finocchiaro, P., Libertini, E., Reale, A., & Recca, A., (1980), "Metal Selectivity Properties of Polymeric Schiff bases", Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters, 16 (7), pp.417-421.
[5] Cazacu, M., Marcu, M., Vlad, A., Tóth, A., & Racles, C., (2003), "Chelate Polymers. III. New Polyazomethines of 5,5′‐Methylene‐Bissalicylaldehyde with Siloxane Diamines and Their Divalent Metal Complexes", Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 41(20), pp.3169-3179.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Reliable New Transport Protocol
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Firas Sabah Alturaihe
Page No.	::	56-59
	::	10.9790/3021-031025659
	::	0.4/3021-031025659
		3021-0310-0259

We need a new protocol which is expected to be easily deployed and easily integrated with the applications, in addition to utilizing the bandwidth efficiently and fairly.

[1] S. Floyd: HighSpeed TCP for large congestion windows. IETF, RFC 3649, Experimental Standard, Dec. 2003.

[2] T. Kelly: Scalable TCP: Improving performance in highspeed wide area networks. ACM Computer Communication Review, Apr. 2003.

[3] L. Xu, K. Harfoush, and I. Rhee: Binary increase congestion control for fast long-distance networks. IEEE Infocom '04, Hongkong, China, Mar. 2004.

[4] Lixia Zhang, Scott Shenker, David D. Clark: Observations on the dynamics of a congestion control algorithm: The Effects of two-way traffic. ACK SIGCOMM 1991, pp. 133-147.

[5] M. Gerla, M. Y. Sanadidi, R. Wang, A. Zanella, C. Casetti, and S. Mascolo: TCP Westwood: Congestion window control using bandwidth estimation. IEEE Globecom 2001, Volume: 3, pp 1698-1702.