Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Implementation of Baugh-Wooley Multiplier Based on Soft-Core Processor
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Indrayani Patle ||, Akansha Bhargav ||, Prashant Wanjari,
Page No.	::	01-07
	::	10.9790/3021-031030107
	::	0.4/3021-031030107
		3021-0310-0307

This Paper presents the work on implementation of Baugh-Wooley multiplier based on soft-core processor. MicroBlaze soft core is high performance embedded soft core processor developed by XILINX Company. This soft core enjoys high configurability and allows designer to make proper choice based on his own design requirements to build his own hardware platform. Custom hardware of power optimized Baugh-Wooley signed multiplier is interface with MicroBlaze soft core processor. The major objective for using hardware for realizing Baugh-Wooley multiplier is to utilize hardware for realizing fast and efficient processing capacity.

 

Keywords: - VHDL, FPGA, MICRO-BLAZE, SCP , SOC, CAD Tool, EDK.

[1] MicroBlaze Processor Reference Guide Embedded Development Kit EDK 13.1, www.xilinx.com
[2] "Xilinx FPGA Silicon Devices", Xilinx Inc. 2006, http://xilinx.com/products/silicon_solutions/fpgas/
[3] "Xilinx Logic Design and Embedded Design Tools", 2006, http://xilinx.com/products/design resources/design tool
[4] "NIOS 3.0 CPU Data Sheet", Altera Corporation, 2004 http:Hwww.altera.com/literature/ds/ ds_nios_cpu.pdf
[5] "IBM PowerPC Quick Reference Guide", IBM Corp. 2005.

Paper Type	::	Reveiw Paper
Title	::	Resource And Traffic Based Congestion Control(Rtcc) In Wsn
Country	::	India
Authors	::	V. Eswari ||, K. Marimuthu ||, K. Bergin Shyni
Page No.	::	08-13
	::	10.9790/3021-031030813
	::	0.4/3021-031030813
		3021-0310-0313

To afford the congestion control design for wireless sensor network using RTCC (Resource and Traffic based Congestion Control) conceive. As the number of node increases in the wireless sensor network, the facts and figures developed by such node also is increased this directs to jamming. There are numerous sources for jamming. They are buffer overflow, coexisting transmission, package collision and numerous to one environment. Jamming determinants package loss, which in turn decreases throughput and power effectiveness. Therefore congestion in WSN's desires to be controlled for high energy-efficiency, to extend scheme lifetime, improve Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of throughput and package decrease ratio along with the packet delay. This design will supply the blended means of both asset and traffic congestion control based on the amount of mesh traffic utilizing duty-cycle adjustment of sensor nodes for wireless sensor networks. This RTCC design should advance the mesh concert of the wireless sensor network.

 

Keywords: - Congestion control Scheme, Duty-Cycle parameter, Resource control approach and Traffic control approach. Wireless Sensor Network, QoS.

[1] Dongho Lee and Kwangsue Chung, "Adaptive Duty-Cycle Based Congestion Control for Home Automation Networks", IEEE Transaction on Consumer Electronics, vol. 56, issue. 1, pp. 42-47, Feb 2010.
[2] Xiaoyan Yin, Xingshe Zhou, Rongsheng Huang, Yuguang Fang, and Shining Li, "A Fairness-Aware Congestion Control Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Transactions On Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, No.9 November 2009.
[3] J. Kang, Y. Zhan, and B. Nath, "TARA: Topology-Aware Resource Adaptation to Alleviate Congestion in Sensor Networks", IEEE Transaction on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 919-931, July 2007.
[4] J. Kang, Y. Zhang, and B. Nath, "Analysis of Resource Increase and Decrease Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks", Proc. of the 11th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC'06), pp.585-590, June 2006.
[5] J. Polastre, J.Hill, and D.Culler, "Versatile Low Power Media Access for Wireless Sensor Networks", Proc. of the 2nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SENSYS'04) pp. 95-107, November 2004.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Hydrogeo chemistry and fluoride delineation of Southern periphery of Morel Basin in part of Jaipur Distt., Rajasthan,Indi
Country	::	India
Authors	::	S.K.Maanju,
Page No.	::	14-18
	::	10.9790/3021-031031418
	::	0.4/3021-031031418
		3021-0310-0318

The southern periphery of Morel basin covers entire Chaksu block which falls in south of Jaipur city of Rajasthan State. Groundwater is only source to meet out domestic demand of water in this block. Groundwater occurs in unconfined condition in most of the part in the area of Chaksu block. Occurrence of high fluoride exceeding 1.5ppm in the groundwater of Chaksu block has been found in large number of villages of Chaksu block and delineation of fluoride occurring in groundwater of this block has also been undertaken. De-fluoridation technique can be adopted in areas of high fluoride groundwater so that health hazards can be checked apart from adopting rainwater harvesting through various methods viz. roof top rainwater recharge method.

 

Key words: - Groundwater,Chaksu &Fluoride

[1] Bouwer, H. 1978 Ground water Hydrology,MC GrowHill, New-York
[2] Foster,M. D. 1942. Chemistry of Ground water in hydrology MC Grow Hill, New-York
[3] Garg, S.P. 1984 Ground water and tube wells Oxford and IBH publication. Co. 2nd Edn. New Delhi.
[4] Heath, R.C. and Frenk, W. Trainer 1968, Introduction of Ground Water Hydrology. John willey
[5] Indian Standard Institute (ISD) 1986 Indian standard for drinking water.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Image Mining of Geotagged Images Extracted from Cloud for Prediction of Next Probable Location
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Vijay Bagdi ||, Sulabha Patil ||, Dr. R.V.Dharaskar
Page No.	::	19-24
	::	10.9790/3021-031031924
	::	0.4/3021-031031924
		3021-0310-0324

We propose system that helps to find the next probable location using attributes of geotagged images. Our approach goes in direction of developing an unattended system able to extract forensically viable information embedded with geotagged images using CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval) and using that information it predicts next probable location. We use Haar and D4 wavelet to decompose color images into multilevel scale and wavelet coefficients, with which we perform image feature extraction and similarity match by means of F-norm theory.

 

Keywords: - Geotagged Images, CBIR, Image Retrieval, Prediction

[1] Vijay Bagdi, Sulabha Patil, Dr. R.V.Dharskar,"Content Based Retrieval of Geoatagged Images using Wavelet as part of Digital Forensic",

[2] Vijay Bagdi, Sulabha Patil, Dr. R.V.Dharskar, "Analysis of Various CBIR techniques for Retrieving Forensically Viable Information from the Images", International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol. 2 Issue 1, January- 2013

[3] Gulfishan Firdose Ahmed and Raju Barskar, "A Study on Different Image Retrieval Techniques in Image processing" International Journal of Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN:2232-2307, Volume-1, Issue-4, September 2011.

[4] Flickner, Metal (1995) "Query by image and video content: the QBIC system" IEEE Computer 28(9), 23-32 [5] R. Brunelli and O. Mich, "Histograms Analysis for Image Retrieval," Pattern Recognition, Vol.34, No.8, pp1625–1637,2001.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Corrosion in surgical instruments
Country	::	Brazil
Authors	::	Fernando B. Mainier ||, Marcela M. C. Lopes ||, Sérgio S. M. Tavares ||, Juan M. Pardal,
Page No.	::	25-31
	::	10.9790/3021-031032531
	::	0.4/3021-031032531
		3021-0310-0331

The surgical instruments that are on the market for use in medical and dental treatments, most of which are designed for specific actions in specific types of surgery, are usually manufactured from stainless steels, including AISI-420 and AISI-304, as well as titanium alloys. They are manufactured by many different companies, which means that the materials used to make them have a variety of sources, types of alloys, material quality, mechanical fabrication processes and costs. Surgical instruments are subject to contamination, or bacterial adherence to the instruments, from various sources, which can have an enormous impact on human health. Hospitals and clinics are well-suited environments for this to happen, since they concentrate both particularly susceptible hosts and highly resistant micro-organisms. Therefore, cleaning and sterilization of all surgical instruments after each use is essential. Typically, steam autoclaves and solutions of chlorine-based oxidants or similar chemicals are used. These methods of cleaning can cause premature deterioration of the instruments, reducing their lifespan. Unannounced inspections of hospitals often detect instruments containing small fractures, microscopic cracks, pitting, and crevices that should invalidate their use in surgery. The objectives of this study are to identify the types of corrosion that occur in the process of sterilization and to critically assess the matter in relation to the costs of the instruments available in the Brazilian market. Finally, this study aims to clarify and publicize the problem of the quality of surgical instruments that can be used in hospitals, possibly compromising the health of the population.

 

Keywords: - Corrosion, surgical instrument, stainless steel, quality

[1] A. T. Moriy and J. L. P. Módena, Assepsia e Antissepsia: Técnicas de Esterilização. In: Fundamentos em Clínica Cirúrgica 1ª parte, 3, Ribeirão Preto, 2008.
[2] H. Yasuhara, K. Fukatsu, T. Komatsu, T. Obayashi and Y. Uetera, Surgical Outcome Research: Prevention of medical accidents caused by defective surgical instruments, Surgery, 151, number 2, February, 2012, 153-161.
[3] D. Pittet, B. Allegranzi and J. Boyce, The World Health Organization guidelines on hand hygiene in health care and their consensus recommendations. World Health, 30(7), 2009, 611-622
[4] P. Bennett, Risk communication and public health (Oxford University Press, 2010).
[5] E. D. Belay, L. B. Schonberger, P. Brown, S. A. Priola, B. Chesebro, R. G. Will and D. M. Asher, Disinfection and Sterilization of Prion‐Contaminated Medical Instruments. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 31(12), 2010, 1304-1306.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Experimental Technique with a Pyramidal Indenter Demonstrating The Development of Pyramidal-Shaped Crevice Corrosion In Inconel 600
Country	::	Canada
Authors	::	Aezeden Mohamed
Page No.	::	32-36
	::	10.9790/3021-031033236
	::	0.4/3021-031033236
		3021-0310-0336

Inconel alloy 600 is widely used in applications requiring its excellent crevice corrosion resistance, e.g. with corrosive solutions. Cyclic polarization tests were carried out on Inconel work pieces immersed in a 5.5% NaCl solution at a temperature of 35±5oC. One group of work pieces workpiece incorporated diamond pyramid hardness indentations while the other group of the workpieces did not. Hysteresis loops obtained from cyclic polarization test scans indicated passive film breakdown and non-passive film breakdown in work pieces with and without hardness test indentations, respectively. Microstructural observations indicated that all workpieces with the hardness test indentations developed crevice corrosion in the pyramidal indentations. Furthermore, microstructural observations revealed clearly developed dendritic structures in both indented and non-indented workpieces.

 

Keywords: - Crevice, corrosion, dendrites, Inconel, work piece.

[1] H. Shah Hosseini, M. Shamanian, and A. Kermanpur, Characterization of microstructures and mechanical properties of Inconel 617/310 stainless steel dissimilar welds, Material Characterization, 62, 2011, 425–431.
[2] F. Jalilian, M. Jahazi, and R. Drew, Microstructural evolution during transient liquid phase bonding of Inconel 617 using Ni–Si–B filler metal. Material Science Engineering A, 423, 2006, 281–269.
[3] A. K. Roy, and V. Marthandam, Mechanism of yield strength of Inconel 617. Material Science Engineering A, 517, 2009, 276–280.
[4] Y.I. Kim, H.S. Chung, W.W. Kim, J.S. Kim, and W.J. Lee, A study on pitting corrosion of TiN-coated Inconel 600 by immersion test in high temperature chloride solutions. Surface and Coatings Technology, 80, 1996, pp. 113–116.
[5] C. Cibert, H. Hidalgo, C. Champeaux, P. Tristant, C. Tixier, J. Desmaison, and A. Catherinot, Properties of aluminum oxide thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Thin Solid Films, 516, 2008, 1290 1296.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Comparison of Different Speech Enhancement Techniques
Country	::	India
Authors	::	M.Balasubrahmanyam ||, G.Srinivasa Rao ||, R.Rahul, K.Satish
Page No.	::	37-44
	::	10.9790/3021-031033744
	::	0.4/3021-031033744
		3021-0310-0344

The speech enhancement is one of the important techniques used to improve the quality of a speech signal i.e. degraded by noise. Speech Enhancement using Kalman Filter require calculating the parameters of AR (auto-regressive) model, and performing a lot of matrix operations, which is non-adaptive. Speech Enhancement using Weiner filter very hard to find out the inverse matrix operations in the time domain but desired output is required. Adaptive Kalman Filter is constantly update the estimation of background noise, which is adaptive. AKF used to eliminate the matrix operations, reduces the calculating time and reduces the complexity. Perceptual Weighting filter is used to improve the performance of speech enhancement system. However the perceptual characteristics of the speech signal depends upon the perceptual characteristics of human ear. Compare the simulation results and different parameters(SNR, MSE, MMSE & CPU time), and also observe which one the better technique for speech enhancement.

 

Keywords: - SpeechEnhancement, Kalman Filter, Adaptive Kalman Filter, Perceptual Weighting Filter, MSE, MMSE, SNR.

[1] Quanshen Mai, Dongzhi He, YibinHou, Zhangqin Huang, "Speech Enhancement Using AdapativeKalmanFilterining Algorithm",pp.327-332, August 2011

[2] ZHANG Xiu-zhen, FU Xu-hui, WANG Xia, Improved kalman filter method for speech Improvendenhancement. Computer Applications, Vol.28, enhancement.Computer pp.363-365, Dec 2008.

[3] Naritanabe, Toshiniro Furukawa, Shigeo Ts,ujji. Fast noise Suppression algorithm with Kalman filter Theory. Second International Symposium on Universal Communication, pp.411-415, 2008.

[4] Nri Tanabe, ToshiniroFurukawa,Hideaki Matsue and Shigeo Tsujji. Kalman Filter for Robust NoiseSuppression in White and Colored Noise.IEEE International SymposiumonCirciuts and Systems 2008.1172-1175.

[5] WU Chung-ling,HAN Chong-zhao. Square-root Quadrature Filter.Acta Electronica Sinics,Vol.37, No.5, pp.987-992, May.2009.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Temperature Effects On The Hydrogen Content And Passivation Of Silicon Surface Coated With Sio2 And Sin Films
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	C. U. Ike,
Page No.	::	45-47
	::	10.9790/3021-031034547
	::	0.4/3021-031034547
		3021-0310-0347

A detailed comparison of the passivation quality and its dependence on the low and high temperature anneals has been carried out for various promising Si surface passivation schemes. The passivation schemes investigated include; conventional furnace oxide (CFO) rapid thermal oxide (RTO), belt line oxide (BLO), plasma deposited oxide (PDO), SiN deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). The passivated low resistivity (1Ω-cm) p-type silicon samples were subjected to three annealing treatments; 400oC in forming gas (FGA), 730o in air and 850oC in air to stimulate heat-treatments which were typically used for contact anneal, font ohmic contacts, and back surface field formation respectively for screen printed silicon solar cells. It was found that the passivation quality of PDO, SiN, RTO and CFO single layers improved significantly after the 400oC FGA and 730o thermal cycles with RTO resulting in the lowest surface recombination velocities (Seff) of 154 and 405 cm/s, respectively. Silicon wafers coated with belt oxide (BLO and BLO/SiN) did not show any improvement in (Seff) which remained at 5000cm/s due to the inferior quality of BLO formed compressed air. The oxide/nitride stack passivation was found to be far superior to single-layer passivation resulting in (Seff) of 70cm/s for the RTO/SiN scheme after the two high temperature anneals (850 and 730oC). A combination of reduced hydrogen content and very low Seff in the RTO/SiN stack suggested that the release of hydrogen from SiN during the anneal further passivated the RTO/Si interface underneath.

 

Key words: - Temperature effect, hydrogen content, passivation, Si-SiO2 and Si-SiN

[1] Basore, P., (1990). IEEE Trans. Electron Device, ED – 37, 337
[2] Chen, Z.. Yasutake K., Doolittle A, and Rohatgi A., (1993). Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, 2117
[3] Doshi P., Mejia J., Tate K. and Rohatgi, (1996). IEEE Electron Device Lett., EDL – 17, 404
[4] Landford W. A. and Rand M. J, (1978). Appl. J. Phys., 49, 2473
[5] Lauinger T., Schmidt J., Aberle A. and Hezel R., (1995). In proceedings of the 13th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Nice, France, European Commission, Eurosolar and The European Association of Solar Association of Solar Energy, pp. 1291 – 1294

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Investigation of Water Quality in Waste Fed (Poultry Droppings) Catfish Production
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Anyadike, C.C. ||, And B. O. Ugwuishiwu,
Page No.	::	48-52
	::	10.9790/3021-031034852
	::	0.4/3021-031034852
		3021-0310-0352

Study was performed in randomized block design of three by three with replication of three waste loading rates. Nine fingerlings measuring an average of 5.7cm and weighing 1.105g were randomly stocked and culture was treated with commercial feed, poultry droppings and a combination of the two. Each of the treatments was ranked 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The fixed factors are the weeks and treatments while the dependent variables are the parameters investigated in this study which are pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, algae biomass and fish mortality. At the end of four weeks the study produced these result; treatment 1 - Temp 26.71OC, DO 14.63mg/L, pH 9.56, algae 3, mortality 0; treatment 2 – Temp 29.14OC, DO 5.09mg/L, pH 6.98, algae 4, mortality 1; Treatment 3 – Temp 26.57OC, DO 16.69mg/L, pH 9.34, algae 3, mortality 0 (these are final day values). Analysis was performed on data obtained and graphs produced which exposed the effect of these feed treatments on water quality. Hence, assist in choosing feed type that suits fish and its environment.

 

Keywords: - Feed, Fish, Waste, Water Quality

[1] Rhanjhan, S.K. 1990. Animal organic wastes. Animal Nutrition in the Tropics. Vikas Pubishing House, India: 216-217.
[2] SPFG (Sustainable Poultry Farming Group) 1994. Standardizing measures of nutrient content and density of poultry manures. Abbortford BC. www.sustainablepoultry.ca

[3] Oladosu, G.A., Ayinla, A.O., Onuoha, G.C. and Neadom, J.G. 1990. Performance of Clarias gariepinus in a polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus under integrated broiler chicken-fish farming. Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research Technical Paper No. 65, Nigeria, 20 pp.

[4] Gavina, L.O. 1994. Pig-duck-fish-azolla integration in La Union, Phillipnes. The ICLARM Quarterly. ISSN 0116-290X. Phillipnes: 18-29.

[5] Ogumba, A.A. and Abumoye, O.O. 1998. Growth responses of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed live maggot from poultry droppings. In: S.O. Otubusin, N.G.O. Ezeri, O.A. Ugwumba and A.A.A. Ugwumba (Eds.), Sustainable Utilization of Aquatic/ Wetland Resources. Nigerian Association for Aquatic Sciences Selected Papers from 9th/10th Annual Conference, Nigeria: 60-68.