Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Improved Mean Shift Tracking Algorithm by Multi Scale Motion Information
Country	::	Canada ‎
Authors	::	Sallama Resen ||, Hala Bahjat
Page No.	::	01-08
	::	10.9790/3021-031040108
	::	0.4/3021-031040108
		3021-0310-0408

Tracking object algorithms in moving platform environment are a challenging mission because they treat variety of speeds for moving object problems. Common method is Mean Shift Algorithm (MSA) due to its simple and efficient procedure. However, the lack of dynamic window size scale in its target model makes it unsuitable for tracking objects in real applications system. Dual static cameras placed in front and rear moving platform gathered information surrounding moving platform. Since the scale of the targets diverse irregularly there are needs to adjusted bandwidth scale when the appearances of tracking object changes. In this paper an automatic window-size updating method based mean shift with motion information obtained from Optical Flow (OF). Objects move with variety of speeds and directions surrounding moving platform .The proposed module speed and direction of moving object join together as factor updating scale according to how much moving object near or far from camera. Proposed framework initialized by MSA followed by Multi Scale Motion Measurement (MSMM). Experimental results show that scale update could select the proper window size of tracking region depending on speed of moving object. Evaluate performance of MSMM compare with traditional MSA by mismatch ratio and time complexity.

 

Keywords: - mean shift algorithm, moving platform, mismatch ratio, optical flow

[1] Jwu-Sheng Hu,"3D object Tracking Using Mean-Shift and Similarity-Based Aspect-Graph Modeling",The 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) Nov. 5- 8, 2007, Taipei, Taiwan.pp.2383-2388]
[2] Y.Wang, "Fuzzy Colour Histogram Based Kernel Tracking under Varying Illumination", Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2007)0-7695-2874- 0/07 $25.00 © 2007 ,International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2007)0-7695-2874-0/07 $25.00 © 2007 IEEE.
[3] P.Pan, F.Porikli, "A new method for tracking performance evaluation based on a reflective model and perturbation analysis.", ICASSP, pp.3529-3532, 2009. G.Lihua,Z,Yuanjian ,"Video Object Tracking Method Based on Snake Model Using Object's Histogram",0-7803-9584-0/06/$20.00(2006)IEEE.

[4] V.Kettnaker,R.Zabih,"Bayesian multi-camera surveillance, "in Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Fort Collins, CO, 1999, pp. 253–259.
[5] R.Collins, "Algorithms for cooperative multisensor surveillance", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 1456–1477, 2001.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Optimization of Benchmark Functions Using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr. Dharmender Kumar ||, Balwant Kumar
Page No.	::	09-14
	::	10.9790/3021-031040914
	::	0.4/3021-031040914
		3021-0310-0414

The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is one of most popular stochastic, swarm based algorithm proposed by Karaboga in 2005 inspired from the foraging behaviour of honey bees. ABC has been applied to solve several problems in various fields and also many researchers have attempted to improve ABC's performance by making some modifications. This paper proposes a new variant of ABC algorithm based on rectangular topology structure, namely rectangular topology based Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (RABC). RABC significantly improves the original ABC in solving high dimensional optimization problems. In this work, RABC algorithm is tested on a set of five benchmark functions. The performance of RABC algorithm is compared with original ABC. The simulation results show that the proposed RABC outperforms the original ABC in terms of convergence, robustness and solution quality.

 

Keywords: - Artificial bee colony algorithm, Nature inspired meta-heuristic, Swarm intelligence algorithm

[1] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, Particle swarm optimization, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on neural networks, 4, 1942-1948, 1995.
[2] D. Karaboga. An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization. Tech..Rep. TR06, Erciyes Univ. Press,Erciyes, 2005.
[3] R.S. Rao, SVL Narasimham, and M. Ramalingaraju. Optimization of distribution network configuration for loss reduction using artificial bee colony algorithm, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Engineering,1(2), 116-122, 2008.
[4] A. Singh. An artificial bee colony algorithm for the leaf-constrained minimum spanning tree problem, Applied Soft Computing, 9(2), 625–631, 2009.
[5] D. Karaboga and B. Akay. A comparative study of artificial bee colony algorithm, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 214(1), 108–132, 2009.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Investigation Into The Factors Influencing Tendering Duration Stipulations By Public Building Clients In Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	S.C Ugochukwu ||, K.C Okolie
Page No.	::	15-21
	::	10.9790/3021-031041521
	::	0.4/3021-031041521
		3021-0310-0421

The study intensively examines those critical factors that Public building clients in Nigeria often take into consideration before allotting time frame for contractors to submit their tenders. To achieve this, a number of factors were first obtained via oral interviews with public building clients-ministries, parastatals, agencies and their professional consultants, then formally presented to 45 respondents all involved in the Nigerian public tendering process to be ranked. As such, the rank order of importance and percentage rating were obtained for each factor. The study observed that seven factors, namely: delays in annual national budget approval, Bill of quantities structure, project complexity, foreign procurement, adequacy of tender documents, reduction in number of tenderers and additional revenue all influenced the decisions of public clients with respect to time granted for receipt of bids. The ranking exercise revealed that delays in the approval of federation budget came topmost with a rating of 84.9%, while reduction in number of tenderers came least with a 46.7% rating. Consequently, the study was inclined to conclude that these vital areas call for close attention, if tendering duration is to be sufficiently managed in order to reduce the negative impact of such factors on the quality of tendering practice in the country and improve success and transparency of public building procurement. The study thus recommended that there must be a political will on the part of the presidency and legislature to secure timely budget approvals to reduce pressure on procuring entities to observe standard procurement benchmarks and for an attitudinal and professional change on the part of tendering professionals, to observe better pre-contract planning techniques to justify huge resources spent from Government coffers for building projects.

 

Key Words: - Clients, Factors, Investigation, Public Buildings, Tendering Duration, Nigeria

[1] Adetola, F.O. (2000).How Efficient is the Open and Competitive Tendering System? In N.I.Q.S (Eds), Open and competitive tendering in the procurement of public and private sector projects(pp 59 – 72), Lagos: Nigerian institute of Quantity Surveyors.
[2] Anonymous, (n.d). Tendering in construction: An introduction. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net

[3] Anonymous. (2011, March 3).Functions and Powers of the Bureau of Public Procurement. Businessday.Retrieve from http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/the- specialists/1864/
[4] Aqua group. (2006). Pre-contract practice for Architects and Quantity surveyors. Hert: Granada publishing limited.
[5] Ayeni, O.J. (1990).Principles of tendering and estimating (2nd ed.).Lagos: Builders magazine limited.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Modern theatre: problems of Performing Arts musical in Kazakhstan
Country	::	Kazakhstan
Authors	::	Khalykov K. ||, Nurtazin E.
Page No.	::	22-29
	::	10.9790/3021-031042229
	::	0.4/3021-031042229
		3021-0310-0429

The article is devoted to the problem of investigation of the popular genre of musical and its development, particularities of the specifics of the musical theatre in its merger with the contemporary music, comparison and application of the classical elements of choreographic art. At this stage of the development of this genre, there is a problem aroused of specific merging of economics and art, in other words, ―popularization‖ of musical. Based on popularization of the new musical-dramatic genre, there appears a new fusion of art and production, management, advertising and mass media. Amongst these, the problem of performing mastership of musical actors in Kazakhstan is being studied. The aim of the article is a theoretical discourse of particularities, history of development and popularization of the new scenic genre of musical. The tasks of the investigation are: - studying the activity of the founders of musical, collation and analysis of works, theories of theatrical art, anthologies, memoirs, articles and theater productions; - assessment of musical and autonomous art forms (synthesis of acting art, choreography, singing, stage design, drama, music composition); - analysis of characteristic of the activities of the musical founders (Leonard Bernstein, Andrew Webber, Riccardo, Richard Rogers, Irving Berlin, Cole Porter). The result of solving these tasks should be the formation of the cohesive picture of the history of the development of the musical, as well as its current position in the arena and in the Kazakh theatrical art. The study will be appreciated by directors and other theater specialists who wish to find information on the overall perspective of the musical and musical theatre, as well as by music and theatre critics seeking a balanced assessment of theatrical synthesis. Some fragments of this investigation could be included into University courses on history and theory of musical theatre.

 

Key words: - musical, music theatre actor, singing, performance.

[1] The Encyclopedic Musical Dictionary. – Moscow, 1986. – p.368;
[2] Bakhtin А. А. Synthesis of arts as a basis for musical for adults and children. An author's abstract for obtaining PhD degree in Arts Studies. – Moscow, 2006. – p.4;
[3] Yenukidze N. I. The Popular Musical Genres. // From History of Jazz and Musical. – Moscow, 2004. – p. 124;

[4] The Greatest Musical of the World: Popular Encyclopedia. – Moscow, 2002. – p.84;

[5] Zhukova L. In the World of Operetta. – Moscow, 1976. – p.32;

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Transformer Less Boost DC-DC Converter with Photovoltaic Array
Country	::	India
Authors	::	G.Neelakrishnan ||, M.Kannan ||, S.Selvaraju ||, K.Vijayraj ||, M.Balaji ||, D.Kalidass
Page No.	::	30-37
	::	10.9790/3021-031043037
	::	0.4/3021-031043037
		3021-0310-0437

Nowadays, transformer less converters are preferred for higher efficiency, low size and cost. The output voltage of PV arrays is relatively low, requiring a high step-up converter to obtain the DC voltage input of the inverter, the performance and effectiveness of some standard and improved boost converter circuits are discussed and compared in terms of voltage gain, power loss and switch voltage stress requirement. In fact, those performances are examined with deriving formulas and equations of current, voltages, power loss and voltage gain.

 

Keywords: - Transformer less, Boost converter, PV Array,; simulation for Transformrer less Boost converter; open loop and closed loop.

[1] Y Blaabjerg F, Chen Z, Kjaer SB. Power electronics as efficient interface in dispersed power generation systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 2004; 19(5):1184-1194.
[2] F. H. Khan and L. M. Tolbert, "A multilevel modular capacitor-clamped dc–dc converter," Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Appl., pp. 1–10.Nov./Dec. 2007.
[3] S. Lee, S. Choi, and G. Moon, "High-efficiency active-clamp forward converter with transient current build-up (TCB) ZVS technique, Prog. Photovolt, Res. Appl., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 629–650, 2007.
[4] Y. Lo and J. Lin, "Active-clamping ZVS flyback converter employing two transformers," Proc. ISIE, pp. 2390–2395Nov. 2007.
[5] J. P. Rodrigues, I. Barbi, and A. J. Perin, "Buck converter with ZVS three level boost clamping," Proc. Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Appl., pp. 110.2007.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Integrating Sustainability into Conventional Construction Contracts in Egypt
Country	::	Egypt
Authors	::	Manal S. Abdelhamid
Page No.	::	38-48
	::	10.9790/3021-031043848
	::	0.4/3021-031043848
		3021-0310-0448

Recently the concept of sustainability has wide interest at the academic level in Egypt, but modestly approached at practice levels. As a result of that a big number of researches and national studies have been published and developed. Egyptian construction sector has taken more practical steps by issuing a national rating system and developing related codes. However, conventional contracts as the reinforcement tool of project management do not reflect this interest and more over it could be an obstacle that hindering its implementation in construction projects in Egypt. The current research focuses on Construction waste management (CWM) as one of the sustainability aspects and one of the most irritating problems in Egypt. It explores through its undertaken methodology how to integrate these recently adopted concepts and procedures in Egypt into the conventional construction contract in order to deliver a sustainable construction project with respect to CWM. The research investigates the influence of contract type and/or project delivery method on sustainable projects. The current paper develops a Contractual Relation Guideline CRG to assess in formulating sustainable contract focused on CWM. The drives of CRG are appropriate contract approaches Sustainability clauses and factors to be considered by stakeholders as guidance for achieving sustainable construction in Egypt.

 

Keywords: - Contract Type, Construction waste management, Contractual relation, Management tool, Sustainability,

[1] Ron Plascow, Partner, Mills &Reeve LLP," Construction and Sustainability from Lawyer's Perspective", National Head of Construction and Engineering , www.universitybusiness.co.uk, 2011
[2] Frank Mills, Tom Lawrence, Ashish Rakheja, and Abdel-Kader Darwiche, Green Building Practices around the world , ASHRAE Journal , January 2012
[3] E. Sabry , Developing a Model for Wast Management System for Construction Industry in Egypt, Mattaria college of Engineering , Helwn University, Mattaria ,Egypt, 2010.
[4] Country Report of the Solid Waste Management in Egypt ", The Regional Solid Waste Exchange of Information and Expertise network in Mashreq and Maghreb countries, July 2010.
[5] Construction and Demolition Debris Management, Solid Waste Management Privatization Procedural Manual, U.S. Agency for International Development.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Transient Analysis of Three Phase Induction Machine With Unbalanced Supply
Country	::	India
Authors	::	K.S.Sandhu ||, A.V.J.S.Praneeth ||, A.V.S.S.S.Pradeep
Page No.	::	49-58
	::	10.9790/3021-031044958
	::	0.4/3021-031044958
		3021-0310-0458

In this paper transient model of three phase induction motor using d-q axis theory in stationary reference frame, is proposed to estimate the transient behaviour of the motor. Simulation results as obtained on a test machine are compared with the experimental results and the Closeness between the two shows the accuracy of the model as proposed. Further model is used to investigate the transient behaviour of three phase induction motor, with two phase supply system, without and after including the effects of phase angle control. The effect of Source Impedance on induction machine under unbalanced and balanced supply with the variations in the %DOU(Degree of unbalance) are analysed with THDs on all phases.

 

Keywords: - Induction motor, Modelling, Transient analysis, MAT LAB, Reference frames.

[1]. I. Boldea, S.A. Nasar. "The Induction Machine Handbook", CRC Press, 2002.
[2]. Chee-mun ong "Dynamic Simulation of Electric Machinery" 1998 by prentice Hall press USA.
[3]. Vivek Pahwa and K. S. Sandhu, " Transient Analysis of Three-Phase Induction Machine Using Different Reference Frames", ARPN Journal Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 8, OCT 2009.
[4]. K. L . SHI, T . F. CHAN, Y. K. WONG and S. L . HO, "Modelling and Simulation of the Three-Phase Induction Motor Using Simulink", Int. J. Elect. Engg. Educ., Vol. 36,DEC-2002.
[5]. Sudhir Kumar, P. K. Ghosh and S. Mukherjee, "A Generalized Two Axes Modelling, Order Reduction and Numerical Analysis of Squirrel Cage Induction Machine for Stability Studies", International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp: 63-68,November 2010.