Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Pathogens in Surface Water in Jos and Environs, Plateau State, Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	V.A.Pam ||, D.A.Daku ||, A,Akut ||, K. Hassan ||, K.I.Ogbu ||, S.I.Bata ||, A.Obalisa
Page No.	::	01-05
	::	10.9790/3021-031110105
	::	0.4/3021-031110105
		3021-0311-0105

This study investigated the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in Jos North and South Local Government Areas of Plateau State, Nigeria as from January-December 2007. Water were collected from some of the areas visited, samples were taken to the parasitology and diagnosis laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom for analysis. Cryptosporidium species and other parasites were determined by parasitological techniques (Formol-ether concentration techniques while Staining was done using Zielh Neelsen Technique). The occurrence of Cryptosporidium specie in water samples revealed higher prevalence rates at the peak of the rainy season in July, August and September having means of 26.2, 22.9 and 19.7 respectively while the least mean was recorded in the dry season in the months of January, February and March as follows: 4.1, 6.1 and 5.5. These results are discussed in relation to the epidemiology, distribution and significance of Cryptosporidium in the study area and possible recommendations given.

 

Keywords: - Cryptosporidium species, Epidemiology, Jos, Plateau State, Water

[1] Aboytes, R., DiGiovanni, G.D., Abrams, F.A. and LeChevallier, M.W. (2005). Detection of infectious Cryptosporidium in filtered drinking water. JAWWA 96: 88-98.
[2] American Academy of Pediatrics. (2006). Prevention of illnesses associated with recreational water use. In: Pickering, L.K., Baker, C.J., Long, S.S. and McMillan, J.A., eds. (2006). Red Book: report of the committee on infectious diseases. Elk Grove 27th ed,PP.156-159
[3] Atwill, E.R., Hoar, B., das Gracas Cabral Pereira, M., Tate, K.W., Rulofson, F. and Nader, G. (2003). Improved quantitative estimates of low environmental loading and sporadic periparturient shedding of Cryptosporidiumparvum in adult beef cattle.Applied Environmental Microbiology69: 4604-4610.
[4] Ayeni, A.O., Olubunmi, P.A. and Abe, J.O (1985). The occurrence and effect of Cryptosporidium species in livestock in Ile Ife.Tropical Veterinarian 3: 96 – 100.
[5] Angus, K.W., (1988). Mammalian cryptosporidiosis a veterinary perspective.Proceedings of the first international workshop, Edinburgh.Modern Research Institute, June3 rd-6th 1988.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Occupational Exposure as it Relate to Pathogenic contamination in some Individuals in some parts of Plateau State, North Central Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	V.A.Pam ||, D.A.Dakul ||, S.I.Bata ||, Obalisa,A ||, Akut,K ||, Hassan,A.A ||, K.I. Ogbu
Page No.	::	06-09
	::	10.9790/3021-031110609
	::	0.4/3021-031110609
		3021-0311-0109

This study investigated Cryptosporidium species in Apparently Healthy Individuals (AHI) of different occupation the study was carried out in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria. Three hundred (300) samples were collected from Apparently Healthy Individuals (AHI). Samples were analyzed for Cryptosporidium infectious. Cryptosporidium species and other intestinal parasites were determined by parasitological techniques (Formol-ether and floatation concentration techniques Staining was done using Zielh Neelsen technique). Cryptosporidiosis in AHI was 37(12.3%). Younger individuals between the ages of 0-10 and 11-20, had 11(55.0%), 12 (60.0%) and 15 (57.7%), 14 (58.33%) in the male and female group. These were statistically (p< 0.05) significant. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Taenia saginata, Ancyslostoma duodenale, (Hookworm sp) Ascaris lumbricoides, and Hymenolepis nana were also identified. Of these, two major parasites implicated in gastroenteritis and diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytic and Giardia intestinalis) had prevalence of 40(13.33%) and 11(3.67%) respectively. The occurrence of this parasite in relation to the occupational group sampled showed that the prevalence was higher with the herdsmen, butchers and the farmers having 17.11%, 16.96% and 15.84% in that order with the least occurring in the businessmen with 8.33%. These results are discussed in relation to the distribution and significance of Cryptosporidium species and other enteric parasites in the environment.

 

Keywords: - Cryptosporidium species, Individuals, Nigeria, Occupational, Plateau State

[1] Ciçek M, Korkoca H, Gül A. Investigation of Cryptosporidium sp. in workers of the Van municipality slaughterhouse and in slaughtered animals. Livestock2006; 102( 3): 204-210.
[2] Graczyk, TK..andCranfied, MR. (1998). Zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium: Implication for water-borne Cryptosporidiosis. Parasitology Today 13(9): 348 – 350.
[3] Hailu, K, Brian,H,Michael, S.Risk of Occupational Exposure to Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Campylobacter Associated with the Feces of Giant Canada Geese .Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2001;16: (9) 905 – 909.
[4] Mansfield, LS and Gajadhar, AA. Cyclosporacayetanensis, a food and water borne coccidian parasite. Veerinary Parasitology 2004; 126, 73–90.
[5] Moon, HW. andWoodmansee, DB. Cryptosporidiosis Zoonosis updates. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association. 1986;189(6): 643-646.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	An Investigation of Haemo and Gastrointestinal Parasites of Pigs in some parts of Langtang North local government area of Plateau State.
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Pam, V.A. ||, Ogbu, K.I. ||, S.I.Bata ||, Obalisa ||, A, Akut ||, K.Hassan, A.A.
Page No.	::	10-14
	::	10.9790/3021-031111014
	::	0.4/3021-031111014
		3021-0311-0114

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of haemo and gastro-intestinal parasites of pigs in some parts of Langtang north local government area of Plateau State. 171 blood and 171 faecal samples were collected from 171 pigs and were analyzed in the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, using floatation technique and thin blood smear for faecal and blood samples respectively. Results of the analysis showed that 36.84% pigs were tested positive for haemoparasites and 35.09% pigs were tested positive for gastro-intestinal parasites. The study recorded high prevalence with Babesia trautmanni 32(18.17%) and lowest prevalence with Eperythrozoon suis 6(3.51%) for haemoparasites parasites prevalence. For gastro-intestinal parasites prevalence, Oesophagostomum dentatum & Coccidia spp recorded equal high prevalence with 34(14.04) in each case while Ascaris suum, Fasciolopsis buski and Globourcephalus diducta recorded lowest with 1(0.58) in each case. In both haemo and gastro-intestinal parasites prevalence, there was no significant different (p>0.05) among the parasites encountered. No significant variations (p>0.05) were observed in relation to sex and age prevalence. From this result, different sex and age groups are equally susceptible to haemo and gastro-intestinal parasites infection in the two study districts. The study recommends tick vector eradication and regular deworming in the study area.

 

Keywords: - Gastrointestinal parasites,Haemo,Investigation,Langtang, Pigs, Plateau State.

[1] Adebisi, R.O (2008). Gastro-intestinal helmiths and public Health: Overview of a Neglected sector. The internal journal of Veterinary Medicine 4(2):
[2] Akande, F.A., Takeet, M.I., Makanju, O.A (2010).Haemo parasite of cattle in Abeokuta, south west of Nigeria. Science world journal 5(4)
[3] Bliss, H.A (1994).A comprehensive review of internal and external parasites in Swine. Brander, G.C (1982).Veterinary applied pharmacology and therapeutics. Four Edition pp 470-471
[4] Chandhri, S.S and Gupte, S.K (2003). Manual of general Veterinary parasitology. First edition, published by the international book distributing co. Pp 19-48
[5] Cheesbrough, M (2000). District laboratory practice in tropical countries, part 2

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Industrial textile application using advanced technology
Country	::	Tunisia
Authors	::	Thouraya Hamdi ||, Jmali Mohamed
Page No.	::	15-20
	::	10.9790/3021-031111520
	::	0.4/3021-031111520
		3021-0311-0120

During the past decade, and in view of competition concerns, tunisian industrial companies have placed considerable emphasis on their information systems. Also, new technologies of information and communication technologies (ICT) have played a key role in improving the organization and traditional information systems. To be effective, it is essential to have a clear vision of the field to computerize and trends. Among the key concepts recently developed, designated by the term ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is the priority of business. This is a significant advancement over conventional techniques and approaches. More than a breakup is an extension of previously performed procedures. In this study, we set an industrial textile application using the Visual basic and a good result was found.

 

Keywords: - Production, Management, Visual Basic, Dyeing.

[1] Casino G., , « NTIC : What do we talk? », study TICO : Information Technology and Communication in Organizations, National Agency for the improvement of working conditions, September. (1999)

[2] François Blondel, Production Management: Understanding the logic of industrial management to act (DUNOD, Factory New, 1999).

[3] Yves. Schoefs, Industrial organization Guide (Editions Delagrave, 2001).

[4] François Blondel, Memory using industrial management (DUNOD Editor, 1999).

[5] Maurice Pillet , Chantal Martin-Bonnefous, Pascal Bonnefous , Alain Courtois, Production management: Fundamental and best practices (Eyrolles, References2011).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Structural, optical and electrical properties of TiO2 thin films synthesized by sol–gel technique
Country	::	Algérie
Authors	::	F. Hanini ||, A. Bouabellou ||, Y. Bouachiba ||, F. Kermiche ||, A. Taabouche ||, M. Hemissi ||, and D. Lakhdari
Page No.	::	21-28
	::	10.9790/3021-031112128
	::	0.4/3021-031112128
		3021-0311-0128

The influence of annealing temperature on the structure, optical and electrical property of TiO2 thin films with (101) preferential orientation were deposited on glass substrates by sol–gel technique has been studied. As-deposited films were amorphous, and the XRD studies showed that the formation of anatase phase was initiated at annealing temperature close to 400 °C. The grain size of the film annealed at 550 °C was about 22 nm. The transmission spectra, recorded in the UV visible range reveal a relatively high transmission coefficient (~70%) in the obtained films. The transmittance data analysis indicates that the optical band gap (Eg) is closely related to the annealing temperature, an indirect band gap ranging from 3.43 eV to 3.04 eV was deduced. The electrical resistivity measurement that were carried out in function of the annealing temperature showed a sharp decrease in resistivity was found to be 0.0802 .cm.

 

Keywords: TiO2 Thin films, Annealing, DRX, Anatase, Optical property, Resistivity

[1] C.J. Brinker, G.W. Scherer, Sol–Gel Science-The Physics and Chemistry of Sol–Gel Processing, Academic Press, Boston, USA, 1990.
[2] Antonio Otávio T. Patrocínio, Eucler B. Paniago, Roberto M. Paniago, Neyde Y. Murakami Iha, Appl. Surf. Sci 254 (2008) 1874–1879.
[3] Ibrahim A. Al-Homoudi, J.S. Thakur, R. Naik, G.W. Auner, G. Newaz, , Appl. Surf. Sci 253 (2007) 8607–8614.
[4] M.R. Hoffmann, S.T. Martin,W. Choi, D.W. Bahnemann, Chem. Rev. 95 (1995) 69–96.
[5] X.Z. Li, H. Liu, L.F. Cheng, H.J. Tong, Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 3989–3994.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance Evaluation of a Gas Turbine Power Plant by the application of Compressor Off-Line and On-Line Water Washing Techniques. (A Case Study of 450MW Sapele Power Station in Delta State, Nigeria)
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	A. J. Ujam ||, P. O. Ekere ||, and T. O. Chime.
Page No.	::	29-41
	::	10.9790/3021-031112941
	::	0.4/3021-031112941
		3021-0311-0141

The aim of this research is to appraise the performance of a gas turbine engine through the use of compressor online and off-line water washing optimization maintenance technique. Data were collected from the power generation station, Sapele, Delta State over a period of twenty four months (two yrs) from two gas turbine engines "GT1 & GT2", of the same capacity, and at the same location, commissioned the same time. GT1 uses both compressor online and off-line water washing optimization technique, while GT2 uses only off-line water washing optimization technique. The data collected were analyzed. It shows that before the offline water washing exercise, GT2 were operating at 8.47 bar, as depicted in trend for GT2. The compressor outlet pressure is an indication of fouling, as this menace causes a reduction of the pressure. The application of online water washing to GT1 increases the pressure to 9.99 bar. The trend shows that the use of online water washing improved the firing temperature of GT1 by 6.96%. The trend shows that the use of online water washing improved the Network output of GT1 by 6.42%. The network output momentarily decreases due to redeposition of foulants in the later stages of the compressor indicating inappropriate application of washing procedure. GT1 yielded compressor efficiency of 81.6% as a result of online water washing against the 78.5% of GT2. It also implies that the air pumping capacity of the GT1 compressor has increased. It is observed that a small change of the compressor efficiency have a significant effect on the overall GT performance and efficiency. GT1 has compressor efficiency of 81.6% which resulted to overall GT efficiency of 28.3% against 27.7% of GT2. GT1 fuel consumption was less by 2.14kg/kwh as a result of online water washing against the 18.55kg/kwh of GT2.

 

Key words: - Gas Turbine, Compressor, Pressure, Online washing, Offline washing, Fuel Consumption, Efficiency, Fouling.

[1] Engdar, D (2004) "‟Gas Turbines Axial Compressor Fouling and Washing‟‟. Proceeding of the Thirty –Third Turbo – Machinery Symposium , U. S. A
[2] Cyrus B. Meher-Homji & Andrew Bromley (2004), "Gas Turbine Axial Compressor Fouling and Washing". Proceeding of the Thirty Third Turbo-machinery Symposium U. S. A.
[3] Ezenwa Alfred Ogbonnaya (2011), "Gas Turbine Performance Optimization using Compressor Online Water Washing Technique". doi: 10.4263/eng.2011.35058. (http:/www.SciRP.Org/journal/eng).
[4] Elisabeth Syverud (2007), "Axial Compressor Performance Deterioration and Recovery through Online Washing". A Ph.D Thesis, Department of Energy and Process Engineering. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
[5] Tarabrin A.P., Bodrou A.I., Schurovsky .V.A, and Stalder, J.P (1996), "An analysis of Axial Compressor Fouling and a cleaning method of their Blading", ASME International Gas

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Stock Portfolio Selection using Data Mining Approach
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Carol Anne Hargreaves ||, Prateek Dixit ||, and Ankit Solanki
Page No.	::	42-48
	::	10.9790/3021-031114248
	::	0.4/3021-031114248
		3021-0311-0148

Once it is decided that investment is to be made in the stock, the obvious question which arises is: which all stocks should be purchased? Past performance will not guarantee the future, but it is still worthwhile to evaluate the investments based on their ability to deliver consistent returns with minimal risk. Therefore, the ability to generate most profitable return from short term stock trading is a crucial factor for traders and investors. The paper focuses on a comparative study between two data mining techniques, Logistic Regression and Neural Network for stock portfolio selection using a set of fundamental and technical parameters.

 

Keywords: - Data Mining, Logistic Regression, Neural Network, Stock Portfolio Selection, Stock Trading

[1] Carol H and Yi H, Does the use of Technical & Fundamental Analysis improve Stock Choice?, Int. Journal Statistics in Science, Business, and Engineering, Langkawi, 2012.
[2] Konstantinos A and Georgios M Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms for complex portfolio optimization problems, Computational Management Science, Vol. 8 (3), 2009, 259-279.

[3] Deng G and Tsong W, Swarm Intelligence for Cardinality-Constrained Portfolio Problems, Int. Proceedings of ICCCI, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Vol. 3, 2010, 406-415.

[4] Kellerer H and Maringer D, Optimization of cardinality constrained portfolios with an hybrid local search algorithm, Journal of Heuristics, 2001, 481-495.

[5] Paul K, Logistic Regression for Data Mining and High-Dimensional Classification, Research Showcase, Carnegie Mellon University, 2004.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Design and Implementation of low power Floating Point Multiplier
Country	::	India
Authors	::	J. Koteswara Rao ||, P.Devi Pradeep
Page No.	::	49-57
	::	10.9790/3021-031114957
	::	0.4/3021-031114957
		3021-0311-0157

In this paper we describe an Design and Efficient implementation of an IEEE 754 low power single precision floating point multiplier targeted for Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA. The multiplier implementation handles the overflow and underflow cases. Rounding is not implemented to give more precision when using the multiplier in a Multiply and Accumulate (MAC) unit. With latency of three clock cycles the design achieves 301 MFLOPs. The multiplier was verified against Xilinx floating point multiplier core.

 

Keywords: - floating point; multiplication; FPGA; CAD design flow

[1] IEEE 754-2008, IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic, 2008.

[2] B. Fagin and C. Renard, "Field Programmable Gate Arrays and Floating Point Arithmetic," IEEE Transactions on VLSI, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 365–367, 1994.

[3] N. Shirazi, A. Walters, and P. Athanas, "Quantitative Analysis of Floating Point Arithmetic on FPGA Based Custom Computing Machines," Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on FPGAs for Custom Computing Machines (FCCM‟95), pp.155–162, 1995. [4] L. Louca, T. A. Cook, and W. H. Johnson, "Implementation of IEEE Single Precision Floating Point Addition and Multiplication on FPGAs," Proceedings of 83 the IEEE Symposium on FPGAs for Custom Computing Machines (FCCM‟96), pp. 107–116, 1996.

[5] A. Jaenicke and W. Luk, "Parameterized Floating-Point Arithmetic on FPGAs", Proc. of IEEE ICASSP, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 897-900.