Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Microcontroller Based Model Design of a Train Collision Avoidance System
Country	::	Zimbabwe
Authors	::	Elisha C Mabunda ||, Cleophas D K Mutepfe
Page No.	::	01-09
	::	10.9790/3021-03210109
		0.4/3021-03210109
		3021-0302-0109

This article introduces a design concept to curb the rail accidents such as collisions and derailment as obtaining in theSouthern African Region. The design comprises apparatus for detecting the presence of an approaching locomotive within a specified limited area, while being insensitive to the presence of objects outside the specified region and triggering braking circuits which will stop the train. The system is integrated with the braking system of the train and is capable of detecting the possibility of collisions in real time. The design is intended to automate fully the communication system between locomotives so that rail traffic accidents can be minimized or eliminated.Forauthentication purposes the design incorporates addresses of encoder and decoder that are matched, this way the detection unit will never respond to stray signals or other signals within the spectrum.The main advantage of this electronically controlled braking system would be reduced braking distance and increased railway traffic under safe conditions. This paper presents a solution that uses a microcontroller to execute a predetermined software algorithm for precise braking of the train.

 

Keywords: Acceleration, Braking, Communication, collision avoidance Modulation

[1] Train accident Reconstruction and FELA and Railroad Litigation: James R Loumiet, William G. Ungbauer, and Bernard S Abrams.
[2] Calculations of braking Distance: ACM Digital Library by Daniel Banarney, David Haley and George Nikandros
[3] Advance level Mathematics 4th Edition by C. J Tranter, CG Lambe published by Hodder and Stoughton Ltd
[4] Signal and Operational systems: Queensland Rail Brisbane Australia by David Barney Computer Society Inc. Darling Hurst Australia 201
[5] Rapid Data sheet by Holtek published: April 11 2000

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of Soaking Time And Applied Load On Wear Behavior of Carburized Mild Steel
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Shristee Singh ||, Dr. Dushyant Singh || Kalpana Sachan || Abhishek Arya
Page No.	::	10-19
	::	10.9790/3021-03211019
		0.4/3021-03211019
		3021-0302-0119

The Heat Treatment and Carburization has been acknowledged by some means of improving the various properties of metals and alloys. For this investigation before heat treated , heat treated and carburized mild steel were selected. Three Heat Treatment process namely Quenching, Carburizing and Tempering were done. In the present investigation the Mechanical and Wear behaviours of mild steels Carburized at 8600 C different Soaking time 2 hour(120min), 2 hour 30 minutes(150min) and 3 hour(180min). The aim has been to examine the effects of these different Soaking Time and conditions on the Mechanical and Wear properties of the Carburized mild steels. For above purpose firstly the mild steels are carburized at 8600C temperature and then it is Tempered at 2000C for 1 hour after this the Carburized and Tempered mild steels are subjected for different kind of test such as Abrasive Wear Test, Hardness Test and Tensile Test. Abrasive Wear behaviour of these mild steels was investigated by using the Dry Sand Abrasion Test Rig (TR-50) Machine. This paper further examines the effect of soaking time, applied load and abrasive wear behavior of carburized mild steel have been studied in detailed

 

Key Words: Abrasive Wear, Carburizing, Heat Treatment, Mild Steel, Soaking Time

[1] Qui, J., Ju, X., Xin, Y. And Kang, S.H. (2010) First result on the Effect of direct quenching on mechanical properties and an elastic relaxation in CLAM steel fusion Engineering and Design 85 pp: 1556-1561.
[2] Przyleeka, M., Gestwa, W., Kobasko, N.I., Totten, G.E., Aronov M.A. and Powell J. Use of Intensive quenching Technology to reduce Carburizing time
[3] Kumar, M. and Kumar, R.C. (1995) Abrasive Wear characteristic of carbon and low alloy steel for better performance of farm implements, J. Material science Technologies, vol. 11:,pp : 91-96.
[4] Brandt, B.V., Brink, P.J., Dejong, H.F. and Katgerman, L. (1983) The Effect of Soaking Times on the Mechanical properties of rapidly solidified aluminium alloys, journal of Material science letters 2 pp: 67-70
[5] Smith, W.F. and Hashmi, J., Foundation of materials science and Engineering, 4th edition Mc Graw hill page no. 391

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Some Results On Product of Preece's Identity and its Generalization
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Awadhesh Kumar Pandey || Ramakant Bhardwaj || Kamal Wadhwa || Nitesh Singh Thakur
Page No.	::	20-23
	::	10.9790/3021-03212023
		0.4/3021-03212023
		3021-0302-0123

The aim of this paper is to establish Some Results On Product of generalized hypergeometric Function and its Generalizations of the well known Preece's identity using method in the line of author Rathie Arjun K. and Choi Junesang [8].

[1] Bailey W.N., "Generalized Hypergeometric Series" (1964).
[2] Bailey W. N., "Products of generalized hypergeometric series", Proc. London Math. Soc., 28 (1928), pp. 242-254.
[3] Erd´elyi A., "Higher transcendental functions", McGraw Hill, New York, vol-1 (1953).
[4] Kummer E. E., "Uber die hypergeometrische Reihe F(a; b; x)", J. Reine Angew Math. 15 (1836), pp.39-83.
[5] Preece C. T., "The product of two generalized hypergeometric functions", Proc. London Math. Soc., 22 (1924), pp.370-380.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING INDUSTRAIL WASTE MATERIALS
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Yash Paul Sachdeva || Prof.Sanjeev Naval || DrManjeet Bansal
Page No.	::	24-30
	::	10.9790/3021-03212430
		0.4/3021-03212430
		3021-0302-0130

Self-compacting concrete(SCC)is the one that can be placed in the form and can go through obstruction by its own weight and without the need of vibration . The present thesis report is based on water/binder ratio below 0.30 and Fly ash based SCC with silica fume. The present investigation has been under taken to investigate the structure the property if SCC with fly ash and silica fume using water binder (W/b) ratio below 0.3. Several trial mixes were made in order to reach the suitable mix proportion so as to satisfy the criteria for making successful SCC. Test result include compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Rebound hammer values. The stress-strain curves for different mixes clearly depict that strain values for VMA/SCC were on the higher side as compared to strain values for Silica/SCC. Strain values for VMAJSCC were up to 0.0065 whereas for Silica/SCC, it was up to 0.0038. Compressive strength curve pattern shows that there is uniform increase of compressive strength values for VMAJSCC to that Silica/SCC. Early age compressive strength (at 3 days and 7 days) of Silica/SCC was found more than VMA/SCC. Making 7 days compressive strength consideration, Silica/SCC was found in between 23.5 to 35.6 MPa whereas for VMA/SCC, it was found in between 17.0 to 31.5 MPA. The Use of fly ash and silica fume normally reduces the environmental hazard but makes the concrete economical as well.

 

Keywords:-Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Spilit Tensile strength, Silica Fume, Fly ash

[1] Proceedings of International Workshop on Self-compacting Concrete, 23-26 Aug. 1998, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan. (pp. 183-186).
[2] Khayat, Kamal H., et al., "Importance of Aggregate Packing Density on Workability of Self-compacting Concrete", First North American Conference on the Design and use of SCC, Nov. 2002. (pp 55-58).
[3] Specifications and Guidelines for Self-compacting Concrete, Feb. 2002, EFNARC, Association House. (www.efnarc.org), (pp.9-30).
[4] Choi, Y.W.; Kim, Y.J.; Shin, H.C. and Moon, H.Y., ―An experimental research on the fluidity and mechanical properties of high-strength lightweight self-compacting concrete‖, Cement and Concrete Research, 36, 2006. (pp. 1595– 1602).
[5] Change Materials‖, Cement & Concrete Composites, 31, 2009. [14] (pp. 731–743).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Experimental Study of Precast Walls with Variation Type of Opening Due to Vertical and Lateral Static load
Country	::	Indonesia
Authors	::	Abdalmaged A. Abdala ||, Sri Murni Dewi ||, Achfas Zacoeb
Page No.	::	31-36
	::	10.9790/3021-03213136
		0.4/3021-03213136
		3021-0302-0136

The main existing research aim is to carry out an experimental investigation on three types of precast reinforcement walls. The First type of wall is with door opening, the second is wall with a window opening and the third one is solid wall. It is very important to understand the wall behavior in different types, which is known by conducting experimental tests, subsequently the objectives of this experiment is to study the behavior of precast wall in three types, wall capacity, strain behavior, stress in wall and deflection, then understand the effect of openings in the walls. In this experimental study, eighteen specimens of precast wall have been tested, six specimens for each type, three for vertical load and three for horizontal load. The size of specimens was 1000, 1000, and 50 mm. When the theoretical and experimental results have been compared in deflection, it was found that there is a correlation between the deflection and the opening size, where the opening size is increased the deflection increases; on the other hand the load capacity decreases when the opening size increases. In other words the stress is increased when the opening size is increased.

 

Keywords: precast concrete, opening, vertical load, lateral load.

[1] Brzev, S.& Guevara-Perez, T., Precast Concrete http://www.scribd.com/doc/35995777/Precast-Concrete.
[2] Astarlioglu, S.2005. Object Oriente Platform for Seismic Analysis of Precast Concrete Buildings. The Pennsylvania State University: PhD Dissertation.

[3] Yee, A.A 2001. Structural and Economic Benefits of Precast / Prestressed Concrete Construction. PCI JOURNAL
[4] Yee,P.T.L . L., Adan, A.B,. A.,Mirasa , A .K.,&Rahman,A.B.A.(2011).Performance of IBS Precast Concrete Beam-Column Connections Under Earthquake Effects: A Literature Review.American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4 (1): 93-101.
[5] Semelawy, M. 2011.Experimental and NumericalL Development of Anchor-JoOINTED Precast Structural Wall System and Optimum Design of PrestressedSlabsL. Western Ontario University. Phd Dissertation.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR PREDICTING STUDENT'S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE USING BAYESIAN NETWORK CLASSIFIERS
Country	::	India
Authors	::	P.V.Praveen Sundar
Page No.	::	37-42
	::	10.9790/3021-03213742
		0.4/3021-03213742
		3021-0302-0142

The main objective of educational institutions is to provide high quality of education. Providing a high quality of education depends on predicting the unmotivated students before they entering in to final examination. In this paper, we compare the Bayesian network classifiers for predicting the student's academic performance and generates a Model. This model helps earlier in identifying the drop outs and students who need special attention and allow the teacher to provide appropriate counselling / Advising. In Addition to this, Accurately predicting student performance is useful in many different contexts. For example, identifying exceptional students for scholarships is an essential part of the admissions process and identifying weak students who are likely to fail is also important for allocating limited tutoring resources.

 

Keywords: Bayesian Networks Classifiers,Classification, Educational Data Mining(EDM), Prediction

[1] www.educationaldatamining.org.
[2] Mohammed M.Abu Tair,Alaa M.El-Hales," Mining Educational Data to Improve Student‟s Performance: A Case study", International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research(ICT Jounal), 2012.
[3] Heikki, Mannila, "Data mining: machine learning, statistics, and databases", IEEE, 1996.
[4] Surjeet Kumar Yadav, Brijesh Bharadwaj,Saurabh Pal, "Data Mining Applications:A Comparative study for Predicting Students Performance," International Journal of Innoviative Technology & Creative Engineering, 2011.
[5] Alaa el-Halees, "Mining students data to analyze e-Learning behavior: A Case Study", 2009.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Power Converter Topology for Permanent Magnet Wind Generator System
Country	::	India
Authors	::	G.BALAJI || Dr.I.GNANAMBAL || S.SUGANYA
Page No.	::	43-51
	::	10.9790/3021-03214351
		0.4/3021-03214351
		3021-0302-0151

A modular converter for permanent magnet wind generator system is presented. Multilevel converters have many advantages such as the capacity to generate a very good quality of waveforms, the reduced switching frequency, the low energy loss and the low effort on power devices. The converter modules are cascaded to get medium voltage output 6 KV, thus eliminating the grid-side step up transformer, which is enviable for both on-shore and offshore wind turbines. Each and every converter module is composed of a rectifier, dc-link and an inverter. Here the generator coils are 90 degree phase shifted which are then rectified through the power factor correction (PFC) circuit and linked in series to get unity power factor, stable dc-link power and higher dc-link voltage. The generator armature inductance is used as the AC-side PFC boost inductor, thus dipping the system size and cost. The inverter adopts a neutral point clamped (NPC) converter to match the dc-link voltage level and are cascaded to get multilevel medium voltage output. The vector control scheme is used to correct the converter active and reactive power transferred to the grid. Simulation results with a 1.5MW wind generator and converter system confirm the proposed topology and control method.

 

Key words: Neutral Point Clamped, Power Factor Correction, Vector Control, PMG, Phase Locked Loop

[1] Blaabjerg. F and Chen. Z, Power Electronics for Modern Wind Turbines. US: Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2006, Chap. 4.
[2] Carrasco. J.M, Franquelo. L.G, Bialasiewicz. J.T, "Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey" IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics. vol.53, no.4, pp.1002-1016, Aug. 2006.
[3] Cengelci. E, Enjeti. P, "Modular PM generator/converter topologies, suitable for utility interface of wind/Micro turbine and flywheel type electronmechanical energy conversion system" in Proc. IEEE IAS'00 Conf., vol.4, pp. 2269-2276,Oct. 2000.

[4] Chen. Z, Spooner. E, "A modular, permanent-magnet generator for variable speed wind turbines" in Proc. IEEE Int. Elect. Mach and Drives Conf. vol.1, pp.453-457, Sept. 1995.
[5] Ge.B, Peng.F, "An Effective SPWM Control Technique for 1MVA 6000V Cascaded Neutral Point Clamped Inverter", in Proc. IEEE IAS'08 Conf., vol.1, pp.1-6, Oct. 2008.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Based on Skin Lesions Characterization
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Nisha Oommachen ||, Vismi V || Soumya S || Jeena C D
Page No.	::	52-59
	::	10.9790/3021-03215259
		0.4/3021-03215259
		3021-0302-0159

In the last few years, many hospitals and clinics dermatology uses Advanced Computer Vision System based skin lesions characterization for melanoma skin cancer detection of benign skin lesions. Here, we focus malignant melanoma skin cancer,( due to the high concentration of Melanoma-Hier we offer our skin, in the dermis layer of the skin)detection. Reduction in the errorrate of melanoma diagnosis, the very dangerous skin cancer could be treated if detected early is the main focus of the paper. In this we provide a characterization technique used for skin lesions in the last few days ie, ABCD rule Dermoscopy, pattern analysis, analysis of textures, seven point checklist, and Menzies method. We used our ABCD rule Dermoscopy technology for malignant melanoma skin cancer detection.. In this system different step for melanoma skin lesion characterization ie, first the Image Acquisition Technique, preprocessing, segmentation, define feature for skin Feature Selection determines lesion characterization, classification methods. In the Feature extraction by digital image processing method includes, symmetry detection, Border Detection, color, and diameter detection. Of the processing to find features TDV (total dermatoscopic value), we have this value on the basis that melanoma or not.

 

Keywords: classification methods, melanoma, skin cancer, ABCD rule, dermoscopy.

[1] Overview of Advanced Computer Vision Systems for Skin Lesions Characterization Ilias Maglogiannis, Member, IEEE, and Charalampos N. Doukas, Student Member, IEEE
[2] ABCD Feature Extraction for Melanoma SkinCancer Diagnosis.
[3] Directional Analysis of Image Textures for Feature Extraction and Segmentation.
[4] [SVM-based Texture Classification and Application to Early Melanoma Detection.
[5] T. K. Lee, M. S. Atkins,M.A.King, S. Lau, andD. I.McLean, "Countingmoles automatically from back images," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 1966–1969, Nov. 2005.