Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Insulating Effects of Rice Husks Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Clay Samples from Kaduna State Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Manukaji John U.
Page No.	::	01-04
	::	10.9790/3021-03230104
		0.4/3021-03230104
		3021-0302-0304

Insulating refractories are a special class of refractories produced to have a highly porous structure with air entrapped therein. The presence of air in these pores reduces the conductive capacity of the refractories and therefore increasing their insulating characteristics. Apart from the natural occurring fire clays which has been adjudged an insulating refractories, other clays can have their insulating characteristics improved by the addition of materials like saw dust, rice husks and other farm wastes. An investigation was therefore carried out to ascertain the effects of rice husks addition on clay samples from Kaduna State as refractory insulating materials for industrial use. The results on linear shrinkage, thermal conductivity, apparent porosity and solid density of all the samples, showed that the linear shrinkage averaged 8.7% with 0% rice husks and 8.4% with 40% addition of rice husks, bringing them closer to the lower range of the international standard of 7-10%. Apparent porosity averaged 13% with 0% rice husks and 17% with 40% addition of rice husks bringing them closer to the acceptable range of 20-80%. Solid density averaged 2.9g/cm3 with 0% rice husks and 2.6g/cm 3 with 40% rice husks, still bringing them closer to the international range of 2.3-3.5g/cm3 while thermal conductivity was 0.515W/mk with 0% rice husks and 0.142W/mk with 40% rice husks thereby improving their insulating properties.

 

Key Words: Insulating, effects, rice husks, clay, kaduna State

[1] Agha O A (1998) Testing of local refractory clay for producing furnace lining bricks. M. Eng. Thesis: Mech. Eng. Dept. F.U.T. Minna
[2] Akinbode F O. (1996). An investigation on the properties of termite hill as refractory material for furnace lining: Indian Foundry Journal. Pp 11-13
[3] Abifarin M. S. (1999) Investigation on local refractory materials for high temperature applications, PhD Thesis mech. eng. dept. Federal University Of Technology, Minna
[4] Brady N.C. and Ray R.W. (1999). The Nature properties of soil, 20th Edition and Pub Prentice-Hall Inc. New Jersey
[5] British Standard Institution, BS1377, (1975) Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes. BSI, London

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Dynamic Channel Allocation for effective self Reconfigurable wireless mesh network
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Avinash Devare ||, R.V.Mulajkar
Page No.	::	05-09
	::	10.9790/3021-03230509
		0.4/3021-03230509
		3021-0302-0309

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) consist of mesh routers and mesh clients for their lifetime, multihop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles, and/or applications' bandwidth demands. Dynamic channel allocation for effective autonomous network reconfiguration system (E-ARS), by analyzing E-ARS, it shows that by using E-ARS alone it wont provide a sufficient result such as network quality, leader assigning problems etc, so in order improve the network performance we going to implement a new concept Breadth First Search Channel Assignment (BFS-CA) algorithm against with E-ARS so that it will multi radio configuration for mesh network and channel assignment problems. We demonstrate our solution's through the evaluation of a prototype implementation in an IEEE 802.11 in ns2. We also report on an extensive evaluation via simulations. In a sample multi-radio scenario, our solution yields performance more gains compared E-ARS.

 

Keywords: IEEE 802.11, multiradio wireless mesh networks (mr-WMNs), E-ARS, BFS-CA networks, wireless link failures.

[1]. I. Akyildiz, X. Wang, and W. Wang, "Wireless mesh networks: A survey," Comput. Netw., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 445–487, Mar. 2005.
[2]. K. Ramanchandran, E. Belding-Royer, and M. Buddhikot, "Interference- aware channel assignment in multi-radio wireless mesh networks," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2006.
[3]. M. Alicherry, R. Bhatia, and L. Li, "Joint channel assignment and routing for throughput optimization in multi-radio wireless mesh networks," in Proc. ACM MobiCom, Cologne, Germany, Aug. 2005
[4]. A. P. Subramanian, H. Gupta, S. R. Das, and J. Cao, "Minimum interference channel assignment in multiradio wireless mesh networks,"IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1459–1473, Dec. 2008
[5]. K.-H. Kim and K. G. Shin, "On accurate and asymmetry-aware measurement of link quality in wireless mesh networks," IEEE/ACMTrans.Netw., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1172–1185, Aug. 2009.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Web based remote water tanker reachability, monitoring & controlling system in drought areas
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dharmadhikari Ashvini ||, Jadhav Maheshwari ||, Shinde Savita ||, Sonje Priyanka
Page No.	::	10-18
	::	10.9790/3021-03231018
		0.4/3021-03231018
		3021-0302-0318

India is the country where the drought problem in villages is a major issue. Every year people have to suffer from the problem of water scarcity, although government allocate water tanker to each village but it is not guaranteed that it will reach to that particular village on time. So we focus on the water supply in drought areas in India. Our project is based on water tanker reach ability, monitoring and controlling system in which the numbers of tankers provided to the particular village are checked by detecting the signals from tankers to the well over some specific distance. It also checks the water level in well by using sensors. Each village is having a server which is able to keep records of all the water tankers with date and time and water level in well. These records are accessed by an administrator in the home ministry which is connected to each other through network. The most important advantage in this application is to avoid the problem of water scarcity. Advanced RF communication is used for signals. RF is used because RF is capable of penetrating almost from every object. It is least affected by environment factors. Many types of wireless devices make use of RF fields. Thus this application can be one of the greatest boons in order to avoid drought problem. This advanced idea if implemented in India will definitely add to the technological development of our country. Finally, we conclude that embedded system is an emerging field and there is a huge scope for research and development.

 

Keywords: IIS: Internet Information System, LPT: Line Print Terminal, TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic, RF: Radio Frequency, WAN: Wide Area Network

[1]. The 6th Edition of ―Water distribution system operations and maintenance‖.
[2]. ―Water Resources Management Towards Enhancement of Effective Water Governance in Indonesia‖. 24 February 2003.
[3]. ―Water Distribution System for the Village Punta Sirain, Panama‖. December 11, 2009.
[4]. ―Second Memorandum to the Government of India on Drought relief and mitigation in Maharashtra‖. 2004
[5]. ―Water tanker distribution management system‖.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	User friendly tobacco barn heat controller for use by upcoming farmers
Country	::	Zimbabwe
Authors	::	Elisha C Mabunda ||, Cleophas D K Mutepfe
Page No.	::	19-23
	::	10.9790/3021-03231923
		0.4/3021-03231923
		3021-0302-0323

This article describes a project that controls the tobacco barn temperature to specified levels. The major components of this controller include the temperature sensor, the processor and electronic switches. The PIC 16F876A is the heart of the controller, from which decisions are done upon receiving the status of the barn temperature via the LM35DZ sensor. The μProcessor makes adjustments by reducing or increasing hot air into the barn. The electronic power switches are realised from the triacs that are appropriately rated in terms of current and voltage handling. The controller has a simple display composed of seven segment LED display. Further, the controller has flexibility in that the controls are done in software. If changes are to be made, this can be achieved through software, without affecting the hardware. The temperature can be gradually increased enhancing better curing rather than just setting a fixed temperature at once as is the case with traditional approach.

 

Keywords: controller, sensor, interrupts, analogue to digital converter, amplification, interfacing, switching, common anode, seven segment, decoder, regulator, initialization.

[1] Texas Instruments Application notes

[2] Operational Amplifiers with Linear integrated circuits by William Stanley published by Charles E. Merril Publishing Company.

[3] Microprocessors Electronics book Series published by McGraw-Hill Inc.

[4] Analogue to Digital Conversion techniques by David F Hoeschele Jr. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Wear Behaviour of Al6063-Zircon Sand Metal Matrix Composite
Country	::	India
Authors	::	K.S.Sucitharan ||, P.SenthilKumar ||, D.Shivalingappa ||, J.Jenix Rino
Page No.	::	24-28
	::	10.9790/3021-03232428
		0.4/3021-03232428
		3021-0302-0328

The Present work is focused on the study of wear behaviour of Aluminium alloy (6063) –Zircon sand composite produced by the stir casting technique by controlling various casting parameters. The pin on disk apparatus is used to analyze the wear rate of the composite. Here the combination of composites investigated is 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 wt% of ZrSiO4 with the matrix and it is found that the increase in reinforcement increase the wear resistant property.

 

Key words: Aluminium Alloy, Zircon Sand, Stir casting, Wear test.

[1] Daniel B. Miracle and Steven L. Donaldson, "Introduction to Composites", ASM Hand Book of Composite Materials, volume-21.
[2] Hashim J et al., "Metal matrix composites: production by the stir casting method", Journal of Materials Processing Technology 92-93 (1999) 1-7.
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium.htm on date 1/4/2011
[4] J.Jenix Rino, D.Chandramohan, K.S.Sucitharan,"An Overview On Development Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites With Hybrid Reinforcement",IJSR India Online ISSN 2319-7064.
[5] J.Jenix Rino, D.Chandramohan, V.Daniel Jebin "Research Review On Corrosion Behaviour Of Metal Matrix Composites", ISSN: 0975-833X.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Calculation of Interharmonics of Time Varying Load Using Labview
Country	::	India
Authors	::	A.K. Baliar Singh || G.C. Martha ||, N.R. Samal ||, I. Shial
Page No.	::	29-33
	::	10.9790/3021-03232933
		0.4/3021-03232933
		3021-0302-0333

Using adaptive window width an accurate, simple, and practical numerical method for exact calculation of harmonics/interharmonics is explained. Completely eliminate the unacceptable spectral leakage errors in the frequency domain caused by truncation of the time-domain signal. Various case studies are simulated by LabVIEW. Using adaptive window width the numerical method is for exact calculation of harmonics/interharmonics component. This method adaptively adjusts the window width based on correlation calculation. Thus eliminating the unwanted spectral leakage caused by truncation. The iterative algorithm does not require any knowledge about the system frequency and the interharmonic constituents. The only parameter needed is the signal sequence obtained by sampling the analog signal at equidistant sampling interval.

[1] R. W. Ramirez, The FFT: Fundamentals and Concepts. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1985.
[2] E. O. Brigham, The Fast Fourier Transform and its Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
[3] A. Testa, D. Gallo, and R. Langella, "On the processing of harmonics and interharmonics: Using Hanning window in standard framework," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 28–34, Jan. 2004.
[4] Interharmonic Task Force Working Document – IH0101 20001, IEEE
[5] IEC 61000-2-1: 1990 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2: Environment – Section 1: Description of the environment – Electromagnetic environment for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public power supply systems

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Impact of Transmission Power on the Performance of MANET Routing Protocols
Country	::	India
Authors	::	V.Lalitha ||, Dr.R.S.Rajesh
Page No.	::	34-41
	::	10.9790/3021-03233441
		0.4/3021-03233441
		3021-0302-0341

A Mobile Ad hoc Network is an infrastructure-less multi-hop wireless network. A node communicates directly with other mobile nodes within the wireless range and indirectly with nodes that are not within the wireless range of each other. Transmission power of the nodes plays an important role here. In a multi hop communication scenario, it is possible to minimize the total energy for reaching a higher distance by repeated low power transmissions. The objective of this work is to study the behavior and performance of the three frequently used MANET routing protocols with respect to different transmission power of individual nodes of the network. We have selected Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) Routing Protocol, Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing Protocol and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Protocol for this study. We analyzed the positive and negative impact of increase in transmission power of individual nodes on the performance of these routing protocols. The arrived results are more significant and can be used in the design of new power aware routing protocols.

 

Key Words: AODV, DSDV, DSR, MANET, transmission power, Power Aware Routing Protocols.

[1] J. Broch, D. A. Maltz, D. B. Johnson, Y.-C. Hu, and J. Jetcheva, "A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols," in Proceedings of MobiCOM‟99, Dallas Texas, October 1998; also at http://www.monarch.cs.cmu.edu
[2] T. S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice", 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.
[3] http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/; NS-2 mobility extension from Rice Monarch, see http://www.monarch.cs.rice.edu/cmu-ns.html
[4] H. T. Friis, "A Note on a Simple Transmission Formula," Proc. IRE, Vol 34, no 5, pp.254-256, May 1946.
[5] C.Perkins and P.Bhagvat. "Highly dynamic destination sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers", ACM Computer Communications Review, pages 234-244, Oct 1994.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Automatic and Semi Automatic Transaction of Broadcasting and It's Receiving Agent Based M-commerce Business Model
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Trivedi Jaydipkumar H ||, Trivedi Prakash H || Thakkar Sunilbhai T || Makwana Mittal N
Page No.	::	42-53
	::	10.9790/3021-03234253
		0.4/3021-03234253
		3021-0302-0353

The Research work would indicate certain m-commerce transaction as automatic transaction and semiautomatic transaction. The work proves Broadcasting and its receiving agent based M-commerce business model based automatic transaction and semi automatic transaction. There is a vital role of embedded system for the automatic business transaction. The advance system is establishing transaction based on present model. Broadcasting and its receiving agent based M-commerce business model perform transaction through (1) T.V Broadcasting, (2) Radio Broadcasting,(3) Telephone Broadcasting,(4) Web casting, (5) Satellite Broadcasting (6) Cable Radio Broadcasting. M-commerce driving factors played important role for the present transactions. Research Inspection Report, questionnaire used as research methodology for proving the automatic and semi automatic transaction based on the present model. The work observes extending transaction of M-commerce based on Broadcasting and its receiving agent based M-commerce business model.

 

Keywords: M-Commerce

[1] Square, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Square_%28application%29
[2] Pavan Soni, M-Payment Between Banks Using SMS, 2010 IEEE Vol.98, No.6, June 2010
[3] J H Trivedi, Dr J G Pandya,Dr. A N Jani, PH Trivedi Broadcasting and It‟s receiving agent based M-commerce model. As Poster Presentation displayed in International Seminar at H.N.G.University,Patan. India. And gone for Publishing in the University Journal.
[4] Trivedi J H, Dr. J G Pandya, J M Patel, Mithapara Anita, M-commerce Driving Factors and Transaction Variables: Aspects That‟s Construct The M-commerce Model, IOSR Journal of engineering Vol. 1, Issue 2,pp.135-141
[5] J H Trivedi, Dr J G Pandya, PH Trivedi, J B Patel Rapid Growth of Customer Use and Adoption of Broadcasting Agent and Receivers

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Communication Media And Supply Chain Management – Hypotheses Development
Country	::	India
Authors	::	B. K. Purohit ||, Dr. S. S. Hebbal
Page No.	::	54-58
	::	10.9790/3021-03235458
		0.4/3021-03235458
		3021-0302-0358

Effective communication between various tiers of supply chain management is an essential requirement in today's business. The traditional way of managing supply chains has changed almost over the last decade. Face-to-face management, manual tracking system, paper dominated order processing systems and various wired communication links (such as phone, fax) were the primary management tools. Today EDI, E-mail, Internet are in domination in providing fast accurate communication enhancing the supply chain performance. Further, though relational exchange and communication media are treated as independent phenomenon, there appears to be a close link between them. Good relationship requires effective communication. Thus the issue of whether High-Tech media foster coordination or competition has captured considerable attention by researchers. This paper begins with reorganization of the importance of information systems within the management of supply chains and the impact information system can have on supply chain performance. In this article the authors have attempted to review the works of various researchers by the way of literature survey and there by develop the research hypotheses.

1. [1.] Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl, Pearson Education Pvt.Ltd, Delhi.
2. [2.] Larson, P.D. and J.D. Kulchitsky, Logistics Improvement Programs: The Dynamics Between People and Performance, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistic Management, (29:2), 1999, 88-102
3. [3.] Mercussen, C.H., The Effects of EDI on Industrial Buyer-Seller Relationships; A Network Perspective, International Journal of Purchase and Material Management, (32:3), Summer 1996, 20-26
4. [4.] Buhse, T.R., High Tech Contact, Purchasing Today, (8:1), January 1997, 4
5. [5.] Paul, D.Larson, Jack, D.Kulchitsky, The Use and Impact of Communication Media in Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Journal of Supply Chain Management, Summer 2000, 29-39