Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Bioaccumulation of nickel by five wild plant species on nickel-contaminated soil
Country	::	Indonesia
Authors	::	S. Netty || T. Wardiyati || M. D. Maghfoer || E. Handayanto
Page No.	::	01-06
	::	10.9790/3021-03510106
		0.4/3021-03510106
		3021-0305-0106

A number of plant species have adapted well in the soil conditions of the mining area and were capable to accumulate nickel in the aerial part of plants. The differences of tolerance and bioaccumulation on Ni contaminated soil on five plant species obtained from Ni post-mining land were in vestigated in pot experiment. The results showed that Sarcotheca celebica had a high tolerance (root tolerance index of 128.45% and shoot tolerance index of 219.78%) and its capability to accumulate Ni in shoot (Translocation Factor value 8.67) was higher than that in the root. Tephrosia sp., Mimosa pigra and Celtis occidentalis were tolerance species that accumulated more Ni in the roots than in the shoots. Melastoma malabathricum was able to accumulate Ni the shoot in limited quantities.

 

Keywords: nickel post-mining area, phytoremediation, native plant species

[1]. A.P.C.G. Marques, H. Moreira, A.O.S.S. Rangel, and P.M.L. Castro, Arsenic, lead and nickel accumulation in Rubusul mifolius growing in contaminated soil in Portugal, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 165, 2009, 174–179.
[2]. R.M. Welch, and E.F. Cary, Concentration of chromium, nickel and vanadium in plant material. Journal Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 23, 1975, 479-482.
[3]. A. Llamas, C.I. Ullrich, and A. Sanz, Ni2+ toxicity in rice; effect on membrane functionality and plant water content, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 46, 2008, 905-910.
[4]. M.N.V. Prasad, Heavy metal stress in plants (second edition, Norosa Publishing House, USA, 2004).
[5]. I. Raskin, R.D. Smith, and D.E. Salt, Phytoremediation of metals using plants to remove pollutants from environment, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 8, 1997, 221–226.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Federal Shariat Court an Intrigue Un-raveled
Country	::	Pakistan ‎
Authors	::	Dr. Parvez Ahmed ||, Dr. Syed Mussawar Hussain Bukhari,
Page No.	::	07-10
	::	10.9790/3021-03510710
		0.4/3021-03510710
		3021-0305-0110

From the first address of General Zia, it was clear that he would use the name of religion for the safety and lengthening of his dictatorial rule. He was ready to use the Pakistan National Alliance Movement for his personal rule. He overthrew the elected government of Bhutto with the consultation of his coterie and on the popular public demand. After acquiring power, Zia forget his promise of holding elections within 90 days which was also a constitutional requirement and began to take steps to sabotaging the election process. In this process he got success and postponed the elections for an indefinite period in the name of accountability. After this he took some steps towards the implementation of Islamic system to legitimize his rule. Zia, to legalize his government both on internal and external fronts used the name of Islam and the set up of (Islamic)Shariat Benches. The set up of Shariat Benches was one of the steps which left indelible imprints on the political system and particularly on the judicial system of Pakistan. Though, he established the Shariat Benches as a first step towards the implementation of Islamic system yet he used these benches to pressurize the judiciary for making service rules for this set up.

[1]. PLD 1980,Central Statute ,p.89(Constitution Amendment Order,1980)Vol.xxxii
[2]. T.V. Speech Chief Martial Law Administrator General Zia ul Haq, 5th July 1977
[3]. Munir, Muhammd Justice Retired, From Jinnah to Zia, Vanguard Books, Ltd., Lahore, p.141
[4]. PLD 1979,Central Statute,pp-31-32,Vol,xxix(Inserted chapter 3-A in constitution of 1973)
[5]. PLD 1979,Central Statute,p.6,Vol,xxix( Section 2(a)) Munir, Muhammd Justice Retired, op-cit, p.141

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Low Power and High Fault Coverage BIST TPG
Country	::	India
Authors	::	K.Vasudevareddy || K.V.Ramanaiah || ` K.Sravani
Page No.	::	11-17
	::	10.9790/3021-03511117
		0.4/3021-03511117
		3021-0305-0117

This paper presents a low hardware overhead test pattern generator (TPG) for scan-based Built-In Self-Test (BIST) that can reduce switching activity in circuits under test (CUTs) during BIST and also achieve very high fault coverage with reasonable lengths of test sequences. The proposed BIST TPG decreases transitions that occur at scan inputs during scan shift operations and hence reduces switching activity in the CUT. The proposed BIST is comprised of two TPGs: LT-RTPG and 3-weight WRBIST. Test patterns generated by the LT-RTPG detect easy-to-detect faults and test patterns generated by the 3-weight WRBIST detect faults that remain undetected after LT-RTPG patterns are applied. The proposed BIST TPG does not require modification of mission logics, which can lead to performance degradation. Experimental results for ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits demonstrate that the proposed BIST can significantly reduce switching activity during BIST while achieving 100% fault coverage for all ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits. Larger reduction in switching activity is achieved in large circuits. Experimental results also show that the proposed BIST can be implemented with low area overhead.

 

IndexTerms: Built-in self-test (BIST), heat dissipation during test application, low power testing, power dissipation during test application, random pattern testing.

[1]. Parag K.Lala"An Introduction to Logic Circuit Testing‖, Morgan and Clay Pool Publishers.
[2]. Rolf Isermann,‖ Fault-Diagnosis Systems- An Introduction from Fault Detection to Fault Tolerance‖.
[3]. Muhammad M.Kellah,‖Low Power Digital CMOS VLSI circuits and design methodologies‖.
[4]. H.-C. Tsai, K.-T. Cheng, C.-J. Lin, and S. Bhawmik,Low-Power VLSI Design-An Overview'
[5]. Sung-Mo Kang Yusuf Leblibici,‖CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis and Design‖-Third Edition.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Data Sharing and Distributed Accountability in Cloud
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Mrs. Suyoga Bansode ||, Prof. Pravin P. Kalyankar
Page No.	::	18-24
	::	10.9790/3021-03511824
		0.4/3021-03511824
		3021-0305-0124

In most commercial and legal transactions, the ability to hold individuals or organizations accountable for transactions is important. Accountability is an important aspect of any computer system. It assures that every action executed in the system can be traced back to some entity. Accountability is even more crucial for assuring the safety and security. A major feature of the cloud services is that users' data are usually processed remotely in unknown machines that users do not own or operate. Cloud computing enables highly scalable services to be easily consumed over the Internet on an as-needed basis, we propose a novel highly decentralized information accountability framework to keep track of the actual usage of the users' data in the cloud. In particular, we propose an object centered approach that enables enclosing our logging mechanism together with users' data and policies. We influence the JAR programmable capabilities to both create a dynamic and travelling object and to ensure that any access to user's data will trigger authentication and automated logging local to the JARs. To strengthen user's control, we also provide distributed auditing mechanism.

 

Keywords : Cloud, Cloud Computing, CIA Framework, Cloud Service Provider (CSP), Java Archives (JAR).

[1]. Marco Casassa Mont, Ilaria Matteucci, Marinella Petrocchi, Marco Luca Sbodio, "Data Sharing in the Cloud", Hewlett-Packard Labs, Feb 2012
Proceedings Papers:
[2]. S. Sundareswaran, A. Squicciarini, D. Lin, " Distributed Accountability for Data Sharing in the Cloud," Proc. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, Vol. 9, No.4, Aug. 2012
[3]. S. Pearson, "Towards Accountability in the Cloud ," Proc. IEEE Internet Computing, pp. 64-69, 2011
[4]. R. Jagadeesan, A. Jeffrey, C. Pitcher, and J. Riely, "Towards a Theory of Accountability and Audit," Proc. 14th European Conf. Research in Computer Security (ESORICS), pp. 152-167, 2009.
[5]. W. Lee, A. Cinzia Squicciarini, and E. Bertino, "The Design and Evaluation of Accountable Grid Computing System," Proc. 29th IEEE Int'l Conf. Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS '09), pp. 145-154, 2009.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Speed Control of Induction Motor using PI and PID Controller
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Madhavi L. Mhaisgawali || , Mrs.S.P.Muley
Page No.	::	25-30
	::	10.9790/3021-03512530
		0.4/3021-03512530
		3021-0305-0130

This paper based on the speed control of induction motor (IM) using proportional integral controller (PI controller) and proportional integral derivative controller (PID controller) with the use of vector control technique. The conventional PID controller is compared with the conventional PI controller for full load condition. MATLAB simulation is carried out and results are investigated for speed control of Induction Motor without any controller, with PI controller and with PID controller on full load condition.

 

Key words: Induction Motor, Conventional PI controller, conventional PID controller.

[1]. Bimal K.Bose, "Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives", Pearson education .
[2]. Gopal, M., "Modern Control System Theory", 2nd ed., Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1993.
[3]. Krishnan, R. "Electric Motor Drives, Modeling, Analysis and Control", 1st ed., Singapore: Pearson Education, 2001.
[4]. R.Arulmozhiyal, Dr.K.Baskaran, "Speed Control of Induction Motor using Fuzzy PI and Optimization using
[5]. GA", International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 2, No.5, and November, 2009.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Minimization of Casting Defects
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Achamyeleh A. Kassie ||, Samuel B. Assfaw
Page No.	::	31-38
	::	10.9790/3021-03513138
		0.4/3021-03513138
		3021-0305-0138

In this paper the statistical analysis is aimed to optimize process parameters at the case study, i.e. Akaki Basic Metals Industry (ABMI) in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, to minimize major steel casting defects. This project is intended to observe just two of the steel casting defects which are severe in their nature i.e., gas defects and shrinkage defects. In order to minimize these defects, four process parameters were studied like Sand – binder ratio, Mold permeability, Pouring Temperature and De-oxidant amount in three levels. In order to obtain a representative experimental data it was used a factorial experiment.. The relative influence of each factor on the casting defect/porosity/ was determined and suggestions have been given using the Statistical Analysis method by optimizing the process parameters.

 

Keywords: Steel Casting, Shrinkage defects, gas defects, mold and melting furnace

[1]. Peter Beeley, "Foundry Technology", Butter Worth Heinemann, 2nd ed., 2001
[2]. R. Monroe, "Porosity in Castings", American Foundry Society, Paper 05-245(04), 2005
[3]. Dr. R.L. Naro, "Porosity Defects in Iron Castings from Mould-Metal Interface Reactions" Paper (99-206) March 15, 1999 http://www.cn-steelpipe.net/stainless-steel-news/IC44D.html "Casting Defects in Steels", Update 2008-7-21
[4]. S. Kuyucak, "Sponsored Research: Clean Steel Casting production – Evaluation of Laboratory Castings", American Foundry Society, 2007
[5]. J.S. Campbell, "Principles of Manufacturing Materials and Processes", Tata McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New Delhi,1992D.C. Ekey & W.P. Winter, "Introduction to Foundry Technology", McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1958

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	HMM Based Super Resolution of Geospatial Images for Flora Classification
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Prof.Prashant Khandale || , Prof.Venkatesh Gaddime
Page No.	::	39-41
	::	10.9790/3021-03513941
		0.4/3021-03513941
		3021-0305-0141

Identification of tree crowns from remote sensing requires detailed spectral information and sub meter spatial resolution imagery. Traditional pixel-based classification techniques do not fully exploit the spatial and spectral characteristics of remote sensing datasets. We propose a contextual and probabilistic method for detection of tree crowns in urban areas using a wavelet based super resolution and classification of the tree area. First the image is converted to super resolution image by using DWT, then we segment the image based on spectral information with green markers on the vegetation area. Segmentation with thresholding is considered as direct marker for the forest area.

[1]. J.A. Gualtieri and S. Chettri, "Papers Name","Conference /Publication Detail", 2000
[2]. C. Huang. L.S. Davis, J.R.G. Townshend, "Papers Name, "Conference /Publication Detail", 2002
[3]. J. Keuchel, S. Naumann, M. Heiler, A. Siegmund, "Papers Name","Conference /Publication Detail", (2003)
[4]. F. Melgani, L. Bruzzone, "Papers Name", "Conference /Publication Detail", (2004)
[5]. G. Camps-Valls, L. Bruzzone, "Papers Name","Conference /Publication Detail" (2005)

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Linear equation solver in Android using OCR
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Amey Chavan || , Asad Naik
Page No.	::	42-44
	::	10.9790/3021-03514244
		0.4/3021-03514244
		3021-0305-0144

In this paper we demonstrate an Android application that takes a camera image of a simultaneous linear equation and displays the solution. Application can solve hand written or computer printed equations. In this paper we demonstrate method for Optimizing Image for better accuracy of OCR.

 

Keywords: Android, Equation solver, math solver, OCR, Text Recognisation.

[1]. Optical Recognition of Handwritten Digits Data Set. Machine Learning Repository, University of California
[2]. Tesseract Optical Character Recognition Engine. Available: http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr/
[3]. Sam Tsai, Huizhong Chen, David Chen, Ramakrishna Vedantham, Rade Grzeszczuk, and Bernd Girod, "Mobile Visual Search Using Image and Text Features", Proc. 45th Annual Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, November 2011.
[4]. M. Sezgin and B. Sankur (2004). "Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation". Journal of Electronic Imaging 13 (1): 146–165.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Hourly Simulation of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector with Simultaneous Solar Radiation and Weather onditions during Sunshine Period in Cairo-Egypt
Country	::	Egypt
Authors	::	Ashraf Kotb
Page No.	::	45-59
	::	10.9790/3021-03514559
		0.4/3021-03514559
		3021-0305-0159

The present work is an attempt to simulate the single-pass parabolic trough collector from thermal and optical point of view, considering the simultaneous hourly profiles of solar radiation, ambient dry-bulb temperature, and wind speed during the sunshine period for specific geographical location. Also, computer program is constructed and presented as simulator to predict the performance of the parabolic trough collector with varying operating, design, and weather conditions. For the studied case, the results are; the maximum reflected solar radiation from the mirror surface is 20849.0 W/m2 at hour 12 and distributed as; 65.8 % and 1.53 % absorbed by the absorber, cover tubes respectively while 32.67 % is dissipated as heat loss to the surrounding environment. For 0.001 kg/s of heat transfer fluid, results showed that; the temperature of the absorber tube is 597.0 oC at hour 12, while the heat transfer fluid is 539.0 oC at hour 13.30 and the cover tube is 258.6 oC at hour 11.097. It is noted that; after hour 14.317 and beyond the heat transfer from the absorber tube to the heat transfer fluid reverses its direction, while at the sunshine end, the temperatures are 342.0 oC for heat transfer fluid, 204.0 oC for the absorber tube, and 50.2 oC for the cover tube at the exit section.

 

Key Words: Solar Parabolic Trough Simulation Cairo Egypt

[1]. A. Giostri, M. Binotti, P. Sliva, E. Macchi, G. Manzolini, (2011). Comparison of Two Linear Collectors in Solar Thermal Plant; Parabolic Trough VS Fresnel. Proceedings of the ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, ES2011, August 7-10, Washington, DC. USA.
[2]. Arpakon Wattana, Wattanapong, Wannee Ekasilp, Ammata Tusnapucki, (2011). Velocity and Temperature Distribution of Flowing Water in a Solar Parabolic Trough Receiver. International Journal of Renewable Energy, Vol. 6, No. 1.
[3]. Bejan A., (1995). Convection Heat Transfer. Second Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
[4]. Churchill S. W., Chu H. H. S., (1975). Correlating equations for laminar and turbulent free convection from horizontal cylinder. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 18 (9) pp. 1049-1053.
[5]. Dudley, V. E., Kolb, G. J., Mahoney, A. R., (1994). Test Results: SEGS LS-2 Solar Collector. SAND94-1884. Albuquerque, NM: SANDIA National Laboratories.