Cloud computing is an internet based computing which enables sharing of services. Many users place their data in the cloud, so the misuse of data and safeguarding the Cloud Service Provider and Cloud User is a prime concern. This work studies the problem of ensuring Cloud Service Provider and Cloud User both do not take advantage of each other data storage in cloud computing environment. By data outsourcing, users can be relieved from the burden of local data storage and maintenance. However, the fact that cloud users no longer have physical possession of the possibly large size of outsourced data makes the data integrity protection in Cloud Computing a very challenging. Moreover, users should be able to just use the cloud storage as if it is local, without worrying about the need to verify its integrity. Thus, enabling public audit ability for cloud storage is of critical importance so that users can resort to a third party auditor to check the integrity of outsourced data and be worry-free. The new auditing scheme effectively does not bring in no new vulnerabilities towards user data privacy, and introduce no additional online burden in terms of computational overhead to cloud user. This new scheme privacy-preserving public auditing process is implemented and performance of such audited with respect to its computation overhead and timing have being analyzed .

 

Keywords: Data storage, privacy-preserving, public auditability, cryptographic protocols, cloud computing.

[1]. M. A. Shah, R. Swaminathan, and M. Baker, "Privacy preserving audit and extraction of digital contents," Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2008/186, 2008.
[2]. Q. Wang, C. Wang, J. Li, K. Ren, and W. Lou, "Enabling public verifiability and data dynamics for storage security in cloud computing," in Proc. of ESORICS'09, volume 5789 of LNCS.Springer-Verlag, Sep. 2009, pp. 355–370.
[3]. Cloud Security Alliance, "Security guidance for critical areas of focus in cloud computing," 2009
[4]. H. Shacham and B.Waters, "Compact proofs of retrievability," in Proc. of Asiacrypt 2008, vol. 5350, Dec 2008, pp. 90–107.
[5]. M. A. Shah, M. Baker, J. C. Mogul, and R. Swaminathan, "Auditing to keep online storage services honest," in Proc. Of HotOS'07. Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association, 2007, pp. 1–6.

Socio-demographic features have been reported as an important factor in human attachment to places in several studies. So, regarding the role of public spaces on human social life, this study tries to examine this effect in a certain case in Iran regarding some socio-demographic indicators like: gender, age, education, marriage statue and job. With this aim, we surveyed place attachment in one of the most important public spaces in Mahabad, based on four its dimensions: functional, emotional, behavioral and cognitive attachment. Therefore, significance of the correlations between those socio-demographic indicators and different aspects of place attachment was evaluated. The interviews carried out with 598 of Mahabad citizens that participated in this study by random selection. We analyze the result with SPSS software applying T-test, Pearson correlation and F-test (ANOVA) exams. The results indicate, in comparison with other examined indicators; only user's education level had significant relation with the place attachment degree and its emotional dimension. In addition, singles, older participants and also labors group reported more behavioral attachment to the place.

 

Keywords: Attachment to place, education, Gender, marital status and occupation.

[1]. Ahrentzen, S. B. (1992) 'Home as a workplace in the lives of women', In I. Altman, and S. Low (Eds.), place attachment, New York: Plenum Press, 12,113–138.
[2]. Bonaiuto, M., Aiello, A., Perugini, M., Bonnes, M. and Ercolani, A.P. (1999) 'Multidimensional Environment quality and neighborhood attachment', Urban Environment, 19, 331-352.

[3]. Bonaiuto, M., Fornara, F. and Bonnes, M. (2002) 'Indexes of perceived residential environment quality and neighborhood attachment in urban environments: a confirmation study on the city of Rome', Landscape and Urban Planning, 988, 1-12.
[4]. Charkhchyan. Maryam (2010), Analytical study of factors affecting the interests of urban public spaces, Architecture PhD Thesis, Faculty Architecture, University of Science and Technology
[5]. Cohen, Y.S. and Shinar, A. (1985) Neighborhoods and Friendship Networks, Chicago, the University of Chicago.

Image Enhancement is simple and most appealing area among all the digital image processing techniques. The main purpose of image enhancement is to bring out detail that is hidden in an image or to increase contrast in a low contrast image. The principal objective of image enhancement is to modify attributes of an image to make it more suitable for a given task and a specific observer. During this process, one or more attributes of the image are modified. The choice of attributes and the way they are modified are specific to a given task. Moreover, observer-specific factors, such as the human visual. Whenever an image is converted from one form to other such as digitizing the image some form of degradation occurs at output. Improvement in quality of these degraded images can be achieved by using application of enhancement techniques. Various enhancement schemes are used for enhancing an image which includes gray scale manipulation, filtering and Histogram equalization. Histogram equalization is one of the well known image enhancement technique. In this paper comparative analysis of different enhancement techniques has been carried out. Dfferent parameter for each of the technique is also calculated.

 

Keywords: Contrast enhancement, Histogram equalization, PSNR, MSE NAE, CPSNR, Visual quality.

[1]. S. Lau, "Global image enhancemS. Lau, "Global image enhancement using local information," Electronics Letters, vol. 30, pp. 122–123, Jan. 1994.
[2]. J. Zimmerman, S. Pizer, E. Staab, E. Perry, W. McCartney, B. Brenton, "Evaluation of the effectiveness of adaptive histogram equalization for contrast enhancement," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, pp. 304-312, 1988.
[3]. Yu Wan, Qian Chen, Bao-Min Zhang, "Image enhancement based on equal area dualistic sub-image histogram equalization method," IEEE Transactions Consumer Electron., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 68-75, 1999.
[4]. Yeong-Taeg Kim, "Contrast enhancement using brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization," IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 1997.
[5]. M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, Md. Hasanul Kabir, M. Ali Akber Dewan, Oksam Chae, "A dynamic histogram equalization for image contrast enhancement", IEEE Transactions. Consumer Electron., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 593- 600, May2007.

The traffic flow condition in India is highly heterogeneous. This study aims at defining the Level of Service (LOS) categories for highly heterogeneous traffic condition for urban streets in Indian context. Global Positioning System (GPS) is used as a powerful tool for collecting speed data at every one second interval. For this study Free Flow Speed (FFS) data and average travel speed data are collected on five corridors of Mumbai city. These speed data are analyzed using neural gas clustering method. The optimal number of clusters is obtained using six validation parameters. Neural gas is used two times in this study process. First neural gas is applied on FFS data to obtain the speed ranges of different urban street classes. Second time neural gas is used on the average speed data to obtain the speed ranges of different LOS categories. The above study confirms that the FFS ranges for different urban street classes and speed ranges for different LOS categories are found to be lower than that suggested by HCM 2000.

 

Keywords: Clustering, Free Flow Speed, Global Positioning System, Level of Service, Neural gas

[1]. HCM (2000). "Highway Capacity Manual." Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
[2]. Baumgartner, W.E. (1996). "Level of service: Getting ready for the 21st century." ITE Journal, January, 36-39.
[3]. Kita, H., and Fujiwara, E. (1995). "Reconsideration on the level of service and a proposed measure." Proceedings of 15th Annual Meeting of JSTE, Japanese, 25–28.
[4]. Spring, G. S. (1999). ""Integration of safety and the highway capacity manual.‟‟ Transportation Research Circular E-C018: 4th International Symposium on Highway Capacity, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 63–72.
[5]. Kittelson, W.K., and Roess, R.P. (2001). "Highway capacity analysis after the highway capacity manual 2000." Transportation Research Record, 1776, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 10–16.

To maintain voltage & power losses are within the acceptable limits at normal, over load and contingency conditions different types of techniques are used in power system. FACTS devices are more predominated than compared to other techniques. But, the cost of the FACTS devices are costlier, were optimally placed using a heuristic method. In this paper SVCs & IPFCs are optimally placed in different load & contingency conditions using PSO. The simulations are performed on an IEEE 30-bus system and results are presented.

 

Keywords: SVC, IPFC, over load, Contingency, Power loss, Voltage profile, PSO, IEEE 30 bus.

[1]. S.Gerbex, R.cherkaoui, and A.J.Germond, "Optimal Allocation of FACTS Devices by Using Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow and Genetic Algorithms". IEEE trans.power system, vol.16, pp.537-544, August 2001.
[2]. M.V.Ramesh, Dr. V.C. Veera Reddy " Optimal Allocationof FACTS Devices in Different Over Load Conditions" International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, volume 4, issue 1, Jan-Feb 2013, pp-208-222.
[3]. L.J.Cai, I.Erlich, G.Stamtsis "Optimal Choice and Allocation of FACTS Devices in Deregulated Electricity Market using Genetic Algorithms" IEEE transactions on 2004.
[4]. H.R.Bahaee, M.Jannati, B.Vahidi, S.H.Hosseinnian, H.Rastager: Improvement of voltage stability and reduce power system losses by optimal GA-base allocation of Multi-Type FACTS devices. The 11th international IEEE conference on May 2008,OPTIM 2008.
[5]. K.Sundareswaran, P.Bharathram, M.siddharth, Vaishavi.G, Nitin Anand Srivastava, Harish Sharma: Voltage Profile enhancement through optimal placement of FACTS devices using Queen Bee Assisted GA. The 3rd international conference on power systems, Kharagapur, December 2009.

Oil security for a nation, that is, aspiring to be an economic power, is very vital. Equity oil abroad may lessen our dependence on a few suppliers and increase our inter-dependence on a global basis. Considering the oil demand scenario vis-à-vis domestic production level on the one hand and low crude oil reserve replenishment trend and high risk of domestic exploration on the other, a major focus of NOCs/Indian private companies would be to venture abroad to access exploration blocks and producing properties for equity oil. If we mix Cashew nut shell oil in fuel, then we are able to save our natural resources of fuel and atmosphere.

[1]. LATEST NEWS - Petroleum -India to introduce 10% ethanol blended petrol The National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition
[2]. http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/progs/afdc/search_type.cgi?1|E85_GSLN http://www.autoauctions.gsa.go.
[3]. Brown J. A. and Manly, B.F.J. Statistical Workshop Notes. 2001. Science and Research Internal Report 187. Department of Conservation, Wellington. Industrial Engineering and Management (Journal).
[4]. Materials Management Journal of India (Journal). Ross, M. 1997. Fuel Efficiency and the Physics of Automobiles. Contemporary Physics, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 381–394.
[5]. Schuring, D. J. 1980. The Rolling Loss of Pneumatic Tires. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 600–727.

The modern power system transmission networks are becoming increasingly stressed. This is because of the growing demand and restrictions on building new lines. Transient instability is because of short time faults, switching on and off of the loads etc. so that there is an unbalance between the input power(Pm) from the turbine and the electrical power(Pe) output to the electrical network. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) can increase transmission capacity, damping low frequency oscillation and enhancing the transient stability. The power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) software package is used for the simulation of the test system. IEEE14 bus system is used as the multimachine system. In this paper three cases are considered i) steady state system ii) faulty system iii) transient stability enhanced system(with STATCOM). The study demonstrates that STATCOM can enhance the transient stability of multimachine system.

Index Terms: STATCOM, PSAT, transient stability, multimachine system

[1]. S.H.Hosseini & A.Ajami, "Transient stability enhancement of AC transmission system using STATCOM" proceedings of IEEE TENCON02. Vol. 33, No. 2, March 2002, pp. 1809-1812.
[2]. A.F.Abdou,A.Abu-Siada and H.R.Pota, "Application of a STATCOM for Damping Synchronous Oscillations and Transient Stability" Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) 1998, pp. 477-480.
[3]. Sadi Amara and Haji Abdallah Hsan, "Power system stability improvement by FACTS devices: a comparison between STATCOM,SSC and UPFC" First International Conference on Renewable Energies 2012,pp.360-364.
[4]. Galu Papy Yuma and Kanzumba Kusakana,"Damping of oscillations of the IEEE 14 bus Power System by SVC with STATCOM" Proceedings of 5th international conference on AC and DC Power Transmission-IEEE Conference Publication 2012.
[5]. Rintu Khanna, Gurnam Singh and T.K.Nagsarkar, "Power System Stability Enhancement with SMES" IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,Vol.2,2012 IEEE.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the results obtained for testing the tensile modulus, through a collaborative program of tests on hardened concrete, developed at the School of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, in the Department of Technical Support and Control of Furnas central Electric Company SA and Carlos Campos and Construction Consultancy Limited., to identify and assess the influence of some factors involved in the test results the elastic modulus. This test was performed according to ABNT NBR 8522:2008, loading plan initial tangent modulus characterizing the deformation of concrete subjected to the stresses of 0.5 MPa and 30% of the breaking load. For this, we sought to determine the outcome of the module, the influence of strain gauge (compressômetro mechanical, electrical bonding surface extensometer extensometer and electric external fixation) and rate (0.3 and 0.6 MPa/s) bodies on the test piece cylindrical size 150 mm x 300 mm C30 concrete class. We performed 60 trials considering the results with satisfactory performance in the statistical techniques of the program. It was concluded that the strain gauge type of load and speed significantly influenced the results of elastic modulus. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the bodies of the test piece size 150 mm x 300 mm concrete Class C30, tested with loading speed of the testing machine of 0.3 MPa/s presented the results with the highest dispersion.

Keyword: Meter, Speed; Module; Concrete; Dispersion

[1]. ARAÚJO, SUÉLIO DA SILVA. Influência do tipo de medição na determinação do módulo estático de elasticidade do concreto [manuscrito] / Suélio da Silva Araújo. - 2011. xxxv, 212 f.: il., figs, tabs. Orientador: Prof. PhD. Gilson Natal Guimarães; Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. André Luiz Bortolacci Geyer. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Engenharia Civil, 2011.
[2]. ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS – ABNT. NBR 5738: Concreto – Procedimento para moldagem e cura de corpos de prova. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2008.
[3]. NBR 5739: Concreto – Ensaio de compressão de corpos de prova cilíndricos. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2007.
[4]. NBR 8522: Concreto – Determinação do módulo estático de elasticidade à compressão e Diagrama Tensão-Deformação – Método de Ensaio. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2008.
[5]. BEER, F. P.; JOHNSTON Jr, E. R. J. Resistência dos Materiais. 3. ed. São Paulo: MAKRON Books do Brasil Editora Ltda., 1995. 1255 p.

This paper presents a performance analysis of dual loop z-source inverter (ZSI). Z-source inverter is controlled by
dual loop control strategy. Such as outer voltage loop and inner current loop are taken into consideration. The peak dc-link
voltage is estimated by measuring both the input and capacitor voltages. Many Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques
are analyzed for the conversion among that it has been proven that Maximum Constant Boost Control PWM is a best
method. Maximum constant boost control method is used to produce the shoot through states (ST).With this proposed
method distortion in output voltage and stress in switch can be reduced. A high performance language for technical
computing MATLAB is used here to implement the concept.

Index terms: Z-source inverter, dual loop control, shoot-through, Pulse width modulation

[1]. D. Vinnikov and I. Roasto, "Quasi-Z-source-based isolated DC/DC converters for distributed power generation", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 192–201, Jan. 2011.
[2]. F. Z. Peng, "Z-source inverter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 2,pp. 504–510, Mar./Apr. 2003.
[3]. F. Z. Peng, M. Shen, and Z. Qian, "Maximum boost control of the Z-source
[4]. inverter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 833–838, Jul.2005.
[5]. G. Sen and M. Elbuluk, "Voltage and current programmed modes in controlof the Z-source converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 680–686, Mar./Apr. 2010.