Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Seismic Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete Building by Response Spectrum Method
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	A. E. Hassaballa ||, Fathelrahman M. Adam. ||, M. A. Ismaeil
Page No.	::	01-09
	::	10.9790/3021-03930109
		0.4/3021-03930109
		3021-0309-0309

Seismic analysis of a multi-story RC frame in Khartoum city was analyzed under moderate earthquake loads as an application of seismic hazard,and in accordance with the seismic provisions proposed for Sudan[1]to investigate the performance of existing buildings if exposed to seismic loads. The frame was analyzed using the response spectrum method to calculate the seismic displacements and stresses.The results obtained, clearly, showthat the nodal displacements caused drifts in excess of approximately 2 to 3 times the allowable drifts. The horizontal motion has a greater effect on the axial compression loads of the exterior columns compared to the interior columns andthe compressive stresses in ground floor columns were about 1.2 to 2 times the tensile stresses. The values of shear forces due to L/C3 in beams B805, B806 and B807 were found to be about four times the values due to L/C1.The maximum values of compressive and tensile stresses in beams are approximately equal. Bending moments in beams and columns due to seismic excitation showed much larger values compared to that due to static loads.

 

Keywords: - Displacements, Drifts, Seismic Analysis, Seismic Hazard,Stresses, Sudan

[1] A.E. Hassaballa, Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment and Seismic Design Provisions for Sudan, Ph.D. Thesis, SUST, 2010.
[2] Mario Paz, and William Leigh, Dynamics of Structures (fifth edition, Textbook of Kluwer Academic Publishers), 2004.
[3] Uma, S.R., and Jain, S. K., Seismic Design of Beam-Column Joints in RC Moment Resisting Frames-Review of Codes, structural Engineering and Mechanics, Vol. (23), No. (5), 2006, PP. 579 – 597.
[4] S.S. Patil, S.A. Ghadge , C.G. Konapure, Mrs.C.A. Ghadge,Seismic Analysis of High-Rise Building by Response Spectrum Method, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (Ijceronline.Com), Vol. (3) Issue. (3), March 2013, PP. 272 – 279.
[5] STAADPRO, Version 8i, Research Engineers International, by Bentley Systems, 2007.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Application of HEC-HMS for Flood Forecasting in Kabkian Basin and Delibajak Subbasin in Iran
Country	::	Iran
Authors	::	Arash Asadi ||, Fardin Boostani
Page No.	::	10-16
	::	10.9790/3021-03931016
		0.4/3021-03931016
		3021-0309-0316

Rainfall-runoff processes in small subbasin Delibajak(16.3 km2) and Kabkian basin(846.5 km2) in kohgilouye and boyerahmad , iran were examined. in fact, Delibajak is one of the subbasins of Kabkian basin. In this study, basins divided into a number of sub- basins where the hydrologic parameters may vary from one sub-basin to another. In such case, lumped models may be labeled as "semi-distributed."The hydrologic model HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center, Hydrologic Modeling System), used in combination with the Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension, HEC-GeoHMS. The SCS curve number method (Soil conservation Service, 1972) was considered for the Rainfall-runoff modelling and The model was carefully calibrated and verified in subbasin and basin using simultaneous historical observed data. The determination coefficients and coefficients of agreement for all the flood events were above 0.9, and the percent errors in peak flow and volume were all within the acceptable range. As well, the hydrologic parameters, curve number and initial abstraction were compared in this two basin. In the Kabkian basin, curve number and initial abstraction, ranges from 61 to 66, and 33 mm to 40 mm, respectively. In the Delibajak subbasin, this parameteres ranges from 51 to 53, and 47 mm to 51 mm. This variationes is due to differences in slope, geologic formations,vegetation cover and land use in subbasins.

 

Keywords: - Delibajak subbasin, Kabkian basin, HEC-HMS, hydrologic modelling, Rainfall-runoff modelling, HEC-GeoHMS,SCS , kohgilouye and boyerahmad.

[1] Amir. A, Emad. H,2010,Application of a Conceptual Hydrologic Model in Teaching Hydrologic Processes, Int. J. Engng Ed. Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 1–11, 2010
[2] James .O,Zhi-j. L ,2010,Application of HEC-HMS for flood forecasting in Misai and Wan'an catchments in China, Water Science and Engineering, 2010, 3(1): 14-22
[3] Jang, T. I. and Kim, H. K., 2010.Estimation of storm hydrographs in a mixed – land use watershed using a modified TR-20 model.
[4] Khakbaz, B., et al,2009. From lumped to distributed via semi-distributed: Calibration strategies for semi-distributed hydrologic models. J. Hydrol. doi:10.1016
[5] 5-Li, S. Y., Qi, R. Z., and Jia, W. W. 2008. Calibration of the conceptual rainfall-runoff model's parameters. Proceeding of 16th IAHR-APD Congress and 3rd Symposium of IAHR-ISHS, 55-59. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Monitoring the Power Requirement of Wireless Sensor Networks in Non-Homogeneous Forest Environment
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Mukesh Kumar ||, Arman Alam Ansari ||, Rohini Saxena ||, A.K Jaiswal
Page No.	::	17-23
	::	10.9790/3021-03931723
		0.4/3021-03931723
		3021-0309-0323

This paper describes the sensor nodes and its hardware constraints. This paper throws light over the energy issues of the sensor nodes while transmitting and receiving data over the distances and effects of attenuation due to several environmental parameters. This paper also gives the comparative analysis of received power at different heights of transmitter antenna.

 

Keywords: - Wireless sensor network (WSN), relay node (RN), sense nodes (SN), base station (BS), Transmitted power (Pt), Received power (Pr), analog to digital converter (ADC).

[1] Wireless sensor networks: a survey I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su*, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci Broadband and Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA Received 12 December 2001; accepted 20 December 2001.

[2] I. F. Akyilldiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam and E. Cayirci, (2002), "A survey on sensor networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 102−114.

[3] Pavlos Papageorgiou(July 16, 2003) "Literature Survey on Wireless Sensor Networks".

[4] Ashraf Hossain, P. K. Biswas, S. Chakrabarti"Sensing Models and Its Impact on Network Coverage in Wireless Sensor Network" 2008 IEEE Region 10 Colloquium and the Third ICIIS, Kharagpur, INDIA December 8-10.447.

[5] F. M. Al-Turjman, H. Hassanein, and M. Ibnkahla, "Connectivity optimization for wireless sensor networks applied to forest monitoring", In Proc. of the IEEE International Conf. on Communications (ICC), Dresden, 2009, pp. AHSN11.5.1-5.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Turbidity Study of Multi-Level Siphon Sediment Basin System
Country	::	Virginia
Authors	::	Moayyad Al-Nasra
Page No.	::	24-29
	::	10.9790/3021-03932429
		0.4/3021-03932429
		3021-0309-0329

This Study focuses on the turbidity of surface water. The Best Management Practice, BMP, provided several methods and procedures to reduce the turbidity, but failed to address the turbidity in terms of measurements and control. Several measures were proposed, and in many cases erosion and sedimentation measures are enforceable. New sediment basin design is used in this study. The main purpose of this study is to introduce new sediment basin design called siphon sediment basin. This sediment basin can be used as multi-leveled basin in order to reduce the turbidity to a predetermined level. The siphon sediment basin is proven to be economically advantageous compared to other sediment basins covered by the Best Management Practice manual. Maintenance of the siphon sediment basin is relatively easier and less costly.

 

Keywords: - Siphon, Basin, Turbidity, Sediment, Erosion

[1] Chen, J, Chang, Y, Shem, Y., Chen, K., " Research on the Implementation and Analysis of High-turbidity Raw Water Pre-treatment with a Barrier Board,", Advanced Material Research, Vol 8, 2013, Page 1402-1408. DOI: 10.4028/www.wcientific.net/AMR.610-613.1402.

[2] Liu, Y, Li, Y., Zhao, S., Yuan, K., Zou, G., Zhu, Y., "Turbidity measurement using the Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) shading agent systems containing Hydrophlilic Vinyl Compounds additives,", Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 8, 2011, pages 2669-2673. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ AMR.233-235-235.2669.

[3] Hidayah, E., Karnaningroem, N., "The implementation of hydrodynamic model in water treatment to estimate turbidity removal,", International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2012, pp. 129-133

[4] Lewis, J., "Turbidity threshold sampling for suspended sediment load estimation," Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada.

[5] McLaughlin, R., "Using Baffles to Improve Sediment Basins", North Carolina Cooperative Extension, 7/05-1M-JL/GM AG-439-59, 2005. ww.soil.ncsu.edu/publications/Soilfacts/AGW.../AGW_439_59.pd

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Appraisal of Building Defects Due To Poor Workmanship In Public Building Projects In Minna, Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria.
Authors	::	A. A. Shittu ||, A. D. Adamu ||, A. Mohammed ||, B. Suleiman ||, R. B. Isa ||, K. Ibrahim ||, & M. A. Shehu
Page No.	::	30-38
	::	10.9790/3021-03933038
		0.4/3021-03933038
		3021-0309-0338

The rate of construction project accomplishment is weak because of the rapid increasing rate of major defects in building as a result of poor quality materials and workmanship which has been identified as the major cause of defects in Nigerian construction projects. This necessitated the examination of problem of poor workmanship as a major cause of building defects. This was achieved by examining the factors leading to poor workmanship quality in public building projects. Data were sourced on public building projects whose contracts have been executed from practitioners in the construction industry in Minna, Nigeria through the use of questionnaires. The analysis of data was carried out using mean item score and correlation analysis. Eight factors were identified as factors which contribute to poor quality workmanship out of which limited cost or poor funding of public building projects was the major factor that causes poor workmanship quality, while proper construction management and strict supervision were found to be the most effective solutions for solving the problem of poor quality workmanship. Recommendations from the study included that proper construction management and strict supervision are required during project execution.

 

Key Words: - Building defect, Poor workmanship, Public buildings

[1] N. Kheni, A. G. F. Gibb, & A. R. J. Dainty, (2008). Health and safety management in developing countries: A Study of Construction SMEs in Ghana. In: Construction Management & Economics, 26(11), 2008, 1159-1169, ISSN 0144-6193 – online ISSN 1466-433X.
[2] O. T. Ibironke, Building economics (Birnin-Kebbi, Nigeria: Timlab Quanticost, 2004).
[3] A. A. Shittu and M. A. Shehu, Impact of Building and Construction Investment on the Nigerian Economy during the Military Era (1991 – 1998) and Civilian Era (1999 - 2006). In E. Achuenu (Ed.). Nigerian Journal of Construction Technology and Management. 11(1&2): June/December, Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, 2010, 89-98.
[4] O. G. Okeola, (2009). Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) Assessment in the Construction Industry. 1st Annual Civil Engineering Conference Proceeding. University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 26-28August, 2009, 236-246.
[5] E. J. Jaselskis and G. A. R. Suazo, Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Materials Transfer at a Construction Site by Using an Elevator, Construction Management & Economics, Vol. 12, E & F N Spon, U.K, 1994, 245-255.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance Analysis of Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna With Dielectric Superstrates
Country	::	India
Authors	::	V. Saidulu ||, K.Kumara Swamy ||, K.Srinivasa Rao ||, P.V.D.Somasekhar Rao
Page No.	::	39-51
	::	10.9790/3021-03933951
		0.4/3021-03933951
		3021-0309-0351

This paper demonstrates, the effect of dielectric superstrates on the performance of coaxial probe fed circular patch microstrip antenna with and without dielectric superstrates. The antenna can be designed at 2.4 GHz(ISM band) frequency and fabricated on Arlon diclad substrate, whose dielectric constant ( is 2.2. The theoretical formulation has been studied using cavity model analysis. In this paper experimentally studied the effect of dielectric superstrates on the parameters such as bandwidth, beam-width, gain and resonant frequency, input impedance, VSWR, return-loss etc. Measured results shows when placing the superstrate material above the substrate the antenna parameter will be changed and antenna resonant frequency will be shifted lower side, while other parameters have slight variation in their values. In particular, the resonant frequency increases with the dielectric constant of the superstrates. In addition, it has also been observed that return loss and VSWR increases, however bandwidth and gain decreases with the dielectric constant of the superstrates.

 

Keywords: - Circular Microstrip patch, Dielectric Superstrates, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth etc.

[1] Wireless sensor networks: a survey I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su*, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci Broadband and Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA Received 12 December 2001; accepted 20 December 2001.

[2] I. F. Akyilldiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam and E. Cayirci, (2002), "A survey on sensor networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 102−114.

[3] Pavlos Papageorgiou(July 16, 2003) "Literature Survey on Wireless Sensor Networks".

[4] Ashraf Hossain, P. K. Biswas, S. Chakrabarti"Sensing Models and Its Impact on Network Coverage in Wireless Sensor Network" 2008 IEEE Region 10 Colloquium and the Third ICIIS, Kharagpur, INDIA December 8-10.447.

[5] F. M. Al-Turjman, H. Hassanein, and M. Ibnkahla, "Connectivity optimization for wireless sensor networks applied to forest monitoring", In Proc. of the IEEE International Conf. on Communications (ICC), Dresden, 2009, pp. AHSN11.5.1-5.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Personal health information security - Regulatory framework
Country	::	Washington
Authors	::	H. Hamidović ||, J. Kabil
Page No.	::	52-55
	::	10.9790/3021-03935255
		0.4/3021-03935255
		3021-0309-0355

Personal health information is regarded by many as being among the most confidential of all types of personal information. Due to violation of the right to privacy the European Court of Human Rights issued large number verdicts against EU countries, for failure to protect citizens' medical records and confidential data that they contain. Many data protection laws and the EU Data Protection Directive require that the data controller must implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect personal data. Personal health information is considered a special category of personal data, for which an extra level of protection is required under data protection rules. Taking into account increasing use of automatic processing of medical data by information systems, this paper presents issue of personal health information protection and the situation in this matter in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 

Keywords: - Data Protection, Health Information, Information Security

[1] Westby, J. R. (editor), International Guide to Privacy, American Bar Association, 2004 [2] Hamidovic H., An Introduction to the Privacy Impact Assessment Based on ISO 22307, ISACA Journal, Volume 4, Information Systems Audit and Control Association, 2010

[3] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data, 1980 [4] European Union, The Data Protection Directive, Directive 95/46/EC [5] The Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina, The Law on Personal Data Protection, Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 49/06, 2006

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of Static and Cyclic Loading on Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Sand
Country	::	India
Authors	::	H.N Ramesh ||, Dr.L.manjesh ||, Vijaya Kumar.H.A.
Page No.	::	56-63
	::	10.9790/3021-03935663
		0.4/3021-03935663
		3021-0309-0363

Foundations are often constructed in various sub soil conditions and subjected to static loads due to various structures supported by the foundation. In some circumstances in addition to static loads the foundations are subjected to dynamic loads like machine loads, seismic loads and moving wheel loads. The static behaviors of foundations are explored in detail but not much work was reported on the cyclic behavior of foundations. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the static and cyclic behavior of circular footing resting on sand and clay subgrade by conducting plate bearing and cyclic plate load tests in large model box tests. The load – displacement characteristics were found from static plate bearing tests from which modulus of subgrade reaction was found which is used in pavement design and evaluation. Also from cyclic plate load tests coefficient of elastic uniform compression (Cu) was evaluated which is a parameter used in the design of machine foundations. In the present study the plate bearing and cyclic plate load tests are conducted for layered soils such as sand overlain by BC soil. The dynamic response was evaluated in terms Cu; it is increased from 0.70x106 kN/M3 for unreinforced sand to 1.41x106 kN/M3 for reinforced sand similarly, for BC soil it is increased from 0.21x106 kN/M3 to 0.56x106 kN/M3 for Stabilized BC soil.

 

Keywords: - Cyclic plate load tests, Co-efficient of Elastic uniform compression, California Bearing ratio, Modulus of sub grade Reaction

[1] Donald H.Gray. and Talal Al-Refeai. (August, 1986). "Behavior of Fabric-Versus Fiber-Reinforced Sand," Int. Jon. of Geotechnical Engineering Vol.112, No.8.
[2] Gabr. M.A. and John H.Hart. (June, 2000). "Elastic Modulus of Geogrid-Reiforced Sand Using Plate load tests," Geotechnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, Vol.23, No 2, PP-245-250.
[3] Gray.D.H. and Ohashi.H. (1983). "Mechanics of fiber reinforcement in sand "Jon. Geotechnical Engg., ASCE, 109(3), pp 335-353.
[4] Gray.D.H. and Maher.M.H.(1989). "Admixture stabilization of sands with discrete, randomly distributed fibers". Proc., XII Int. Conf. on soil Mech. And Found. Engg.
[5] Moghaddas Tafreshi.S.N., Zarei.S.E. and Soltanpour.Y. (October 12-17, 2008). "Cyclic Loading on Foundation to Evaluate the Coefficient of Elastic Uniform compression of sand," The 14th World Conference on earth quake engineering, Beijing, China.