Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Fabrication and Characteristics of High Quality AlGaAs Film Grown on Al2O3 Substrate
Country	::	Korea
Authors	::	Hyung-Joo Lee ||, Young-Dae Cho ||, Seong-Un Kim ||, and Jae-Hoon Kim
Page No.	::	01-06
	::	10.9790/3021-04130106
	::	0.4/3021-04130106
		3021-0401-0306

In this work, the characteristics of AlGaAs film grown on transparent Al2O3 substrate are investigated. AlGaAs films having various Al compositions were fabricated on the GaAs buffer layer of an Al2O3 substrate using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. It was found that the crystal quality and surface roughness of the AlGaAs film was gradually improved by increasing the Al composition. The relatively improved surface and crystallizations were observed at AlGaAs film having an Al composition of 80%. A marked decrease in the d-spacing between the AlGaAs plane and Al2O3 substrate was clearly observed under the same condition. From these results, the high-quality AlGaAs film on the Al2O3 substrate was attributed to an increase in the substitutional effect of Al for Ga caused by increasing the Al composition.

 

Keywords: - AlGaAs, Al2O3, GaAs, MOCVD

[1] X. Q. Liu, C. M. Fetzer, E. Rechder, H. Cotal, S. Mesropian, D. Law, and R. R. King, Organometallic vapor phase epitaxy growth of upright metamorphic multijunction solar cells, Journal of Crystal Growth 352 (2012) 186-189.

[2] F. A. Kish, S. J. Caracci, N. Holonyak, Jr., J. M. Dallesasse, G. E. Hofler, R. D. Burnham, and S. C. Smith, Low-threshold disorder-defined native-oxide delineated buried-heterostructure AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs quantum well lasers, Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991) 1765-1767.

[3] T. Kato, H. Susawa, M. Hirotani, T. Saka, Y. Ohashi, E. Shichi, and S. Shibata, GaAs/GaAsAs surface emitting IR LED with Bragg reflector grown by MOCVD, Journal of Crystal Growth 107 (1991) 832-835.

[4] D. A. Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices (Avenue of the Americas, NY, 2003)

[5] A. G. Thomason, MOCVD technology for semiconductors, Material Letters 30 (1997) 255-263.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Statistical And Correlation Studies of Ground Water Parameters Of Kamleshwarpur Area At Mainpat, (CHHATTISGARH)
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Komal Kumari
Page No.	::	07-09
	::	10.9790/3021-04130709
	::	0.4/3021-04130709
		3021-0401-0309

Statistical analysis of ground water of kamleshwarpur area at Mainpat, was carried out to study the correlation between various physico-chemical parameters. Eleven water quality parameters of ground water of this area were estimated standard methods and procedures of sampling and estimation. pH of drinking water is an important parameter and it is correlated with ten parameters. It may be suggested that TH, Mg++,TDS, TSS and fluoride are positively correlated with pH but Conductivity, Total Alkalinity and Cl- are negatively correlated with pH. Calcium and Iron showed no relation with pH. The Iron value of ground water is also above the permissible limit.

 

Keywords: - Correlation Coefficient, Ground water, Iron, Mainpat, Statistical Analysis

[1]. Gupta, S.C., 1991. Chemical character of ground waters in Nagpur district,Rajsthan. Indian J. Environ. Health., 33(3), pp 341-349.

[2]. Madhuri, U.; Srinivas, T. and Sirresha, K., 2004. A study on drinking water quality in commercial area of Visakhapatnam. Poll.Res., 23(3), pp 405-409.

[3]. Upadhyay, M and Kumari, K., 2013. Analytical study of fluoride ion in drinking water around Ambikapur, Sarguja District, Chhattisgarh, India. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 5(9), pp 14-21.

[4]. APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste water. 20th ed. American Public Health Association, New York. U.S.A. [5]. Trivedy, R.K. and Goel ,P.K.1986. Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies. Env. Publication, KARAD. 415110.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Development of Radon Gas Sensor To Monitor The Precursors of Earthquake
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Mily Jashank ||, Sureshchandra J. Gupta ||, Jayalakshmi Nair
Page No.	::	10-15
	::	10.9790/3021-04131015
	::	0.4/3021-04131015
		3021-0401-0315

Radon gas is colorless, odorless and tasteless and can only be detected by testing. It naturally occurs from traces of uranium in soils and rocks. It results from the decay of trace amounts of uranium, found in most rock and soil. It is measured using special monitors and expressed in units of bequerels per cubic metre (Bq/m3) or picocuries per litre (pCi/L). The air pressure inside the laboratory is usually lower than in the soil surrounding the foundation [4]. This difference in pressure draws air and other gases, including radon, from the soil into the atmosphere. The Uranium stays in the ground, but radon gas seeps upward and enters buildings. It can be used to predict the arrival of an earthquake. This is because radon is a radioactive gas and it can be traced by detecting alpha particles emitted during the decay of radon and its daughters. It can be achieved by using alpha sensitive solid state nuclear track detectors or some other suitable radon gas detectors.

 

Keywords: - Precursors of Earthquake, Radioactive gases, Seismology, Transducers, Signal conditioner circuit & The Intelligence.

[1]. Cinna Lomnitz, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Fundamentals of earthquake prediction:.
[2]. Friedmann, H., Aric, K., Gutdeutsch, R., King, C.Y., Altay, C., Sav, H. (1988). Radon measurements for earthquake prediction along the North Anatolian Fault Zone: a progress report. Tectonophysics Designing Embedded Systems with PIC Microcontrollers by Tim Wilmshurst
[3]. Igarashi, G., Saeki, S., Takahata, N., Sumikawa, K., Tasaka, S., Sasaki, Y., Takahashi, M., Sano ,Y. (1995). Ground-water radon anomaly before the Kobe earthquake in Japan Science Vol. 269.
[4]. Nazaroff, W.W.; Nero, A.V., Radon and its decay products in indoor air, 1988, United States
[5]. Advanced PIC Microcontroller Projects in C by Dogan Ibrahim

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Development status of micro seismic monitoring technology in China
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Haifeng Chen ||, Zhendong Lei ||, Ang Li ||, Xixin Wang ||, Haiqiang Hou
Page No.	::	16-19
	::	10.9790/3021-04131619
	::	0.4/3021-04131619
		3021-0401-0319

In recent years, the micro seismic monitoring technology have the widespread application in Chinese reservoir geological activity monitoring and mine safety monitoring. The effect of micro seismic monitoring technology is very good. However, in the study of micro earthquake, Chinese research started late relatively with foreign. This paper summarizes the current Development status and the application situation of the Chinese micro seismic monitoring technology.

 

Keywords: - Monitoring of reservoir geological activity Mine safety monitoring Micro seismic

[1] Chen Huandong, Jiang Fuxing, Zhang Xingmin. Study on nonhomogeneous material's AE by image processing method[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2004, 60-64.

[2] Chen Shangben, Ben Boyi. Research on Complete Techniques for Prediction and Control of Rock[J]. Bursts Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2010, 63-66.

[3] Liu Jianzhong, Feng Tao, Yuan Zengrong, Yang Tao. Observation Of Flood Front And Stress State Around Well[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 2409-2412.
[4] Zhou jie, Gao Jingwen, He Ping, Han Zhenjun. Application of Microseism and Microfrac Monitoring Tech in Shanshan Oilfield[J]. oil and gas well testing, 2005,62-64.

[5] Wang Yezhong, Deng Jingen, Zhao Zhenfeng, Mu Lijun, Liu Jianan, Tian hong. Downhole Nicroseism Ic Fracture Monitoring Design And Fracturing Results Analysis[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2006, 76-78.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Regenerative Structure to Enhance Collaboration and Technology Transfer between University and Industry in Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	A.I. Obanor ||, C.C. Kwasi-Effah
Page No.	::	20-23
	::	10.9790/3021-04132023
	::	0.4/3021-04132023
		3021-0401-0323

The process of collaboration and technology transfer between university and industry in Nigeria cannot be effectively undertaken if there is no formal structure to promote interaction and communication between them. Research has shown that most universities in Nigeria are lacking in fundamental startups for collaboration with industry that is, research groups and facilities. This paper discusses the need for the establishment of a regenerative structure to enhance linkage between university and industry for the purpose of achieving the aforementioned aims. The paper also discusses the functions of various units comprising the regenerative structure and proposes a network of communication between them for effective technology transfer and innovation.

 

Keywords: - collaboration, industry, regenerative structure, technology transfer, university

[1] F. Murray, and S. O'Mahony, Exploring the foundations of cumulative innovation, Implications for Organization Science, 1, 2007, 47-81.

[2] J.I. Victor, and R.H. Christopher, R.H, Contemporary issues in Nigerian industry, Multidisciplinary Journal of Research Development, 1(8), 2007, 22-26

[3] A.I. Obanor, and C.C. Kwasi-Effah, Technology transfer, intellectual property and university industry collaboration, Technical Report, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, 2012.

[4] E.N. Onwuka, Reshaping engineering education curriculum to accommodate the current needs of Nigeria, Educational Research and Review, 4 (7), 2009, 334-339.

[5] A. Bramwell, and D.A. Wolfe, Universities and regional economic development, The Entrepreneurial University of Waterloo, 2008 Research Policy, Florida,1175–1187.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Locational Image Compression based on Chain Code Representation
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Prof. Dr. Tawfiq Abdulkhaleq Abbas ||, Fanar Ali Joda
Page No.	::	24-29
	::	10.9790/3021-04132429
	::	0.4/3021-04132429
		3021-0401-0329

In this research we have proposed a new compression algorithm that used locational compression technique based on Freeman chain code. The technique consists of two parts, the first part is compression algorithm which starts by obtaining the chain code for particular color value then saving location of start point for chain code, color value and chain code in compressed file, the next step is to remove all color values that related to chain code from input image and shrink the input image, the algorithm repeats the previous procedures until there will be no color values with significant chain code. The second part is to construct the original image by using start point, color value and chain code.

 

Keywords: - Chain code, Compressed, Decompressed, Lossless image compression.

[1] Salomon, D. , "Data Compression the complete reference", Springer-Verlag, United States of America, New York, 5rd Edition, 2010.

[2] Bell T.,c., cleary J.,G. , Witten I.,H., "Text compression", Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990.

[3] Sindhu M., Rajkamal R. , "Images and Its Compression Techniques –A Review", International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 2, No. 4, November 2009.

[4] R. C. Gonzales,. And R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, 2002.

[5] Sebastian Deorowicz, "Universal lossless data compression algorithms", Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science Institute of Computer Science, 2003.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Sonochemical Reactor Treating Drinking Water for Pigs
Country	::	Russia
Authors	::	S. Shestakov ||, O. Krasulya ||, T. Shlenskaya ||, T. Baulina ||, E. Smeshek
Page No.	::	34-40
	::	10.9790/3021-04133440
	::	0.4/3021-04133440
		3021-0401-0340

The article deals with the use of activated water for drinking of pigs. Moreover, is described a method sonochemical activation of water. Sonochemical activated water is devoid of own supramolecular structure and has a high solvent power similar to how a boiling water, while remaining virtually the same temperature, which was prior to treatment. It is shown that the water in a thermodynamically nonequilibrium state, in which abideth some time as a result of such treatment, and has bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties, which it retains long time. All this suggests that the hydration of biopolymers directly into the esophagus and stomach of animals during their drinking will give tangible effect. Given the description of the mechanisms of cavitational disintegrated of water and described in comparison reactors for water treatment. Said that a regulatory authority in Russia give permission to use sonochemical technologies and devices in the food industry. Described sonochemical reactor, designed specifically for use in drinking of pigs, which have a reduced noise level and power consumption, but with better performance.

 

Keywords: - hydration and structuration of biopolymers, non-stationary thermodynamically state of the water, sonochemistry, sonochemical cavitation reactor.

[1] S. Alexandrov, E. Prokopenko Guide to feeding pigs, Moscow, Donetsk: AST Stolker, 2004
[2] V. Kabanov Svinovodstvo, Moscow: Kolos, 2001
[3] N. Podkhomutov, V. Suchkov Water treatment using ultrasound for watering animals in the unit of pig fattening, Technology, equipment and components for the production of meat products a healthy diet: Proc. Intern. scientific-practical workshop, Vologda, "Gardening", 2004
[4] A. Apalikov Productive qualities of young pigs at using an activated water Dissertation PhD, Samara, 2004
[5] Shestakov S., Krasulya O., Smeshek E. Sonochemistry of food - area high-energy chemistry which actively is researched now in Russia and Belarus Materials IX International scientific-practical conference «Capabilities of modern science - 2013». Chemistry and Chemical technology Praha: Publishing House «Education and Science», 2013, pp 17-25

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effectiveness of the Early Childhood Development Programme on Grade One Performance in Mathematics and English Language in Mzilikazi District (Bulawayo)
Country	::	Zimbabwe
Authors	::	Sibanda Patrick
Page No.	::	41-47
	::	10.9790/3021-04134147
	::	0.4/3021-04134147
		3021-0401-0347

This study sought to investigate the effectiveness of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) programme on grade one performance in Mzilikazi District in Bulawayo. Papalia, Olds and Feldman (2001) observed that children who have been through ECD programmes generally excelled in basic academic skills while Smith (1994) suggested that ineffective ECD programmes led to fragmented and wide variation in the quality of early primary school education. The study was quantitative in nature and used a cross-sectional survey and the ex-post facto research designs. Two independent samples of 100 grade one children each, 20 grade one teachers and 10 administrators participated in the study. Mathematics and English Language self-designed tests were used with the children while structured questionnaires were used with teachers and administrators. Data were presented on tables and analysed using the Likert Scale, descriptive and inferential statistics. Indications from qualitative data were that the ECD programme was not effective on grade one performance in both subjects. A t-test of independent means confirmed that, there was no difference in performance in Mathematics between grade one children who underwent the ECD programme and those who did not. However, in English Language the t-test indicated a significant difference in performance between the two groups. On these bases, the research concluded that the ECD programme in Mzilikazi District was not effective on grade one performance in Mathematics but was effective on English Language performance. The study then recommended increased financial, material, human resource and infrastructural support of the ECD programme and review of the ECD curriculum

 

Keywords: - Early childhood, Early Childhood Development Programme, Holistic development

[1] Ayasi, R.A. (2003). Put Children First: For Every Child Health, Education, Equity, Protection: Advance Humanity. Harare : UNICEF.
[2] Bernard, H.W. (1973).Child Development and Learning. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
[3] Curtis, A.M. (1996). A Curriculum For The Pre-School Child: Learning to Learn. London : Routledge.
[4] Dynda, C.; Makoni, R.D.; Mudukuti, A. and Kuyayama, A. (2005). Evaluation Of The National Early Childhood Development Programme. Harare : INICEF.
[5] Feeney, S.; Christensen, D. and Moravick, E. (1991). Who Am I in The Lives of Children? An Introduction to Teaching Young Children. New York : MacMillan.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Multidisciplinary Design Study of Heavy Vechical Rupd Crashworthiness And Energy Absorption
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Alok Kumar Khore ||, Tapan Jain ||, Kartikeya Tripathi
Page No.	::	48-55
	::	10.9790/3021-04134855
	::	0.4/3021-04134855
		3021-0401-0355

The paper focuses on simulation & analysis of a Rear Under Run Protection (RUPD) system under crash scenario. The basic objective is to improve the safety of the car and the occupants by designing the RUPD and car bumper. The choice of material and the structural design are the two major factors for impact energy absorption during a crash .The deformation of RUPD bar and plastic strains in RUPD components can be determined before the physical test for predicting failure of the system to meet the compliance requirements as per IS 14812-2005. Additionally, failure of the RUPD attachment points with chassis can be determined. Physical testing can be reduced significantly with this approach which ultimately reduces the total cycle time as well as the cost involved in product development. This project explains the FE analysis of RUPD for impact loading. All the results obtained from the impact load analysis are evaluated against the requirements of IS 14812-2005 which could reduce the process development time and cost involved in the same. The analysis was carrying out using Finite Elements software (LS-Dyna), Meshing tools by Altair Hyper mesh and Modeling on Pro-E. This analysis is a partial work of a major project wherein the RUPD will be subjected to static testing with variable load distributions at different locations on RUPD. The analysis establishes the method and parameters of the simulation on modeling and analysis software used by demonstrating the energy absorption pattern in bumper and RUPD during frontal crash of a car with different design parameters of RUPD.

 

Index Terms: - CAD(Modeling & Simulation –Pro-E), Meshing (Hypermesh), Preprocessing (LS-Dyna), ANSYS solver.

[1] Z.Q. Chenga, J.G. Thackera, W.D. Pilkeya, W.T. Hollowellb, et.al, "Experiences in reverse- engineering of a finite element automobile crash model", Journal of Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 37 (2001) 843–860.
[2] Abdullatif K. Zaouk , Nabih E. Bedewi, Cing- Dao Kan, et.al, "Validation of a non-linear finite element vehicle model using multiple impact data", The George Washington University FHWA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center.
[3] J.O. Hallquist, "LS-DYNA Keyword User_s Manual", Livermore Software Technology Corporation (1997).
[4] S. W. Kirkpatrick, "Development and Validation of High Fidelity Vehicle Crash Simulation Models", SAE Publications, Presented at the 2000 International Congress and Exposition (2000) SAE Paper No. 00PC-248.
[5] Computational approval of rear under run protection device with MSC.nastran

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance Evaluation Of Matrix Multiplication Using OpenMP For Single Dual and Multi-Core Machines
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Yogesh Singh Rathore ||, Dharminder Kumar
Page No.	::	56-59
	::	10.9790/3021-04135659
	::	0.4/3021-04135659
		3021-0401-0359

Matrix Multiplication is one of the most commonly used algorithm in many applications including operations on Relations in Relational Database System. In this paper we study and evaluate the execution time of matrix multiplication on a single, dual and multi-core processor with same set of processors having OpenMP(Open Multi-Processing) libraries for C-Language. OpenMP is a very well known standard that exploits parallelism in shared memory architecture. The evaluation is based on execution of the algorithm uses single thread for computation whereas the one with OpenMP uses multi-threads.

 

Keywords: - Matrix Multiplication, Single Core Machine, OpenMP, Multi-Threads.

[1] COMPUNITY. The community of OpenMP users, researchers, tool developers and provider website. http://www.compunity.org/, 2006.
[2] L. Hammond, B. A. Nayfeh, and K. Olukotun,"A single-chip multiprocessor," Computer, Vol.30, no.9, pp. 79-85, 1997.
[3] A. Jerraya, H. Tenhunen, and W. Wolf,"Guest editors' introduction: Multiprocessor systems-on-chip," Computer, vol38, no. 7. pp. 36-40, July 2005.
[4] E. Ayguade. N. Copty. A. Duran, J. Hoeflinger, Y. Lin, and G. Zhang. A proposal for task parallelism in OpenMP. In proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on OpenMP, June 2006.
[5] H. Zhong, S. A. Lieberman, and S. A. Mahlke, "Extending multicore Architecture to exploit hybrid parallelism in single thread applications," hpca, vol. o, pp. 25-36, 2007.