Machining process involves many process parameters. Achieving accurate dimensions, good surface quality, and maximized metal removal are of utmost importance. This research work describes the optimization of cutting parameters for the surface roughness in CNC turning machining with aluminum alloy 6061 material. Controlling the required surface quality is necessary. In this study, Taguchi method is used to find the optimal cutting parameters for surface roughness in turning. L-9 orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance are employed to study the performance characteristics in the turning operations of aluminum alloy 6061 using uncoated inserts. A precise knowledge of these optimum parameters would facilitate reduction of machining costs and improve product quality. The current study on turning process applies a response surface methodology on the most effective process parameters, namely, feed, cutting speed, and depth of cut, which are optimized considering the surface roughness and material removal rate.

 

Keywords: DOE, L-9 array, material removal rate, surface roughness,Taguchi method

[1] Ranganath M S *, Vipin, R S Mishra(2014), Optimization of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate on Conventional Dry Turning of Aluminium (6061), International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation Volume 1 (2014) 62-71

[2] Hardik B. Patel Satyam P. Patel (2013), A Review Paper for Optimization of Surface Roughness and MRR in CNC Milling International Journal of Research in Modern Engineering and Emerging Technology

[3] Montgomery, D.C., 1997, Design and analysis of experiments. 4th ed. New York: Wiley.

[4] Fisher, R.A., 1999, Statistical methods for research worker. London: Oliver & Boyd.

[5] Nian, C.Y., Yang, W.H., Tarng, Y.S., 1999, Optimization of turning operations with multiple performance characteristics. J Mater Process Technology Vol.95, pp. 90–6.

This paper investigates the possibility of augmenting the power output of a ducted vertical wind turbine. The geometrical parameters of the utilized duct and the relative position of its throat to the ducted turbine center are optimize. Optimization process carried out using the Genetic Algorithm, GA, keeping into account the size and cost constraints. Two dimensional Computational fluid dynamics CFD analysis have been performed on a straight-bladed Darrieus-type vertical rotor wind turbine. CFD solver is used to compute the power coefficient, Cp, the dimensionless form of power output of a three bladed rotor wind turbine as a function of the wind free stream velocity, V, and the rotor's rotational speed, . Results of the CFD computational analysis for Cp are used to feed the GA with the information required to optimize the duct geometry. The new duct, optimized in this study, reduces the torque variation over a complete rotational cycle, by appropriately directing the wind air flow upstream and downstream the ducted turbine, and thus increases the turbine power conversion. The present study showed that the optimized duct geometry is of 20° convergence angle with its throat lie at the ducted turbine center. A comparison between the optimized ducted turbine and the un-ducted turbine shows that, the tip speed ratio, TSR, , at which the maximum power occurs, is increased from 2.62 to 3.29, the minimum torque ripple factor, TRF, is decreased from 1.691 to 0.239, and the maximum power coefficient, Cp, is increased from 0.31 to 0.69.

 

Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Maximizing wind power generation, Optimized ducted wind turbines, Optimum Wind duct geometry, Power Optimization.

W.J. Book, Modelling design and control of flexible manipulator arms: A tutorial review, Proc. 29th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, San Francisco, CA, 1990, 500-506.
Journal Papers:
[1] T. J. Price, UK large-scale wind power programme from 1970 to 1990: the Carmarthen Bay experiments and the musgrove vertical-axis turbines, Wind Engineering, vol. 30, 2006, 225-242.
[2] R. A. Kishore, T. Coudron, and S. Priya, Small-scale wind energy portable turbine (SWEPT), Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 116, 2013, 21-31.
[3] A. Malipeddi and D. Chatterjee, Influence of duct geometry on the performance of Darrieus hydroturbine, Renewable Energy, vol. 43, 2012, 292-300.
[4] H. N. Doghiem, Taher G. Abu-El-Yazied, Ahmad M. Ali and Islam M. Hassan, Investigation of the Aerodynamic Performance of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, IOSR Journal of Engineering, IOSRJEN, vol. 04, 2014, 18-29.
[5] M. Raciti Castelli, A. Englaro, and E. Benini, The Darrieus wind turbine: Proposal for a new performance prediction model based on CFD, Energy, vol. 36, 2011, 4919-4934

With the propagation of technology and the expansion of the possible applications of technology, extension professionals are presented with opportunities to use these tools to help small scale limited resource farmers modernize their businesses. This article illustrates how one type of Automatic Identification Technology (AIT) called Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), is being used to help a small scale limited resource produce farmer. The current success of RFID use for this farmer is promising towards pushing for future more widespread efforts to provide similar technology to other small scale limited resource farmers.

 

Keywords: - Traceability Technology, Radio Frequency Identification, Agricultural Supply Chain Management

Food Safety News . Costco Black Pepper Recalled for Possible Salmonella Contamination Retrieved From: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/06/coscto-warns-of-black-pepper-possibly-contaminated-with-salmonella/#.U5intyinfjV (June 6, 2014).
[2] Food Safety News . Update: More Gluten-Free Crackers Recalled for Potential Salmonella Contamination of Seasoning Blend Contamination Retrieved From: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/06/snack-crackers-recalled-for-potential-salmonella-contamination/#.U5ivOyinfjV (June 5, 2014).
[3] Food Safety News . Microwave Popcorn Recalled for Potential Metal Fragment. Retrieved From: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/05/microwave-popcorn-recalled-for-potential-metal-fragments/#.U5iixyinfjU (May 7, 2014).
[4] Food Safety News . Fresh Express Recalls Italian Salad for Potential Listeria Risk. Retrieved From: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/03/fresh-express-recalls-some-italian-salad-for-potential-listeria-risk/#.U5iYpyinfjU (March, 29, 2014).
[5] Food Safety News . Canadian Firm Recalls Stir-Fry Vegetables for ListeriaI. Retrieved From: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/01/canadian-firm-recalls-stir-fry-vegetables-for-listeria/#.U5ihoyinfjV (January 26, 2104).

The water-filled Howitzer had been studied and made in the Nuclear Research Institute (Dalat). It has been the specialized system with multi-function and the unique in Vietnam, that has been used to study experimentally characteristics of neutron in water medium, neutron flux distribution and dose-rate, neutron activation analysis using isotope sources. This report presents the first researches on experimental measurements of neutron flux distributions for sources of 252Cf and 241Am-Be (according to horisontal-radius direction) by the technique of neutron activation analysis using the standard foils of gold with cadmium covers and without ones. The experimental results were shown that thermal and epi-thermal neutron fluxes decreased gradually with distances from the source center. This study has been very useful for trainees carrying out measurements of neutron flux distributions and other characteristics using isotope sources.

 

Keywords: Water-filled Howitzer, neutron flux distribution, neutron activation analysis.

[1] Nguyen Van Hung at el. Studying, designing and making a system of experimental equipment in order to measure some physical characteristics of neutron, neutron activation analysis and dosimetry for serving training activities on nuclear manpower. Report on research project at Ministry level for 2010-2012 (in Vietnamese), 03/10/NLNT Code, Ministry of Science and Technology, 2012.

[2] Ho Manh Dung. Handbook on neutron activation analysis. Nuclear Research Institute (in Vietnames), Dalat, 2007.

[3] R.C. Martin et al. Production, distribution, and application of Californium-252 neutron sources. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, 1999.

[4] A.M. Hassan et al. Neutron activation analysis of saudi hermatite and phosphate sample using the 241Am-Be neutron irradiation facility. JKAU: Sci., Vol.6, pp.105-122 (1414 A.H./1994 A.D.), 1994.

[5] K. Debertin et al. Gamma- and X-ray spectrometry with semiconductor detectors. USA, 1988.

Thebiosorption of Cadmium onto Sweet Potato Skin (SPS) from aqueous solution were investigated in this study. The amount of Cd(II) adsorbed was found to be dependent on the pH of the solution, contact time and initial concentration of Cd(II). The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich,Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) Isotherm equation. The Freundlich Isotherm model fits the experimental data than the others.The values of the separation factors (RL) are in the range of 0.2-0.7 which indicates favourable biosorption. Results also showed that the pseudo-second order equation provided the best model for the biosorption process.Various thermodynamic parameters such asΔHo, ΔGo and ΔSowere evaluated. A positive value of ΔHo, indicates the endothermic nature of the process. The negative values of the Gibbs free energy at all the temperature showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and the positive value of ΔSo reflects good affinity of Cadmium ions towards the biosorbent.

 

Keywords: - Biosorption, Sweet Potato Skin, Cadmium, Isotherm, Thermodynamic

[1] Lenntech Water Treatment and Air Purification (2004): Water Treatment, Published by Lenntech, Rotterdamseweg, Netherlands (www.excelwater.com/thp/filters/Water-Purification.htm).
[2] Technical Report No: 112. Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Low cost Adsorbents. http://www.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/pubs/ces_tr/TR112_Ahalya/CESTechnical%20report%2-Metals210607.pdf (cited. 15/08/2013).
[3] Mohan, D & Singh, K.P (2002). Single and Multiple-Component adsorption of Cadmium and Zinc using activated carbon derived from bagasse-an agricultural waste. Water Res. 36, pp. 2304-2318.
[4] Morrow H (2001). Cadmium and Cadmium Alloys. In: Kirk-OthmerEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5thed., Vol. 4. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 471–507. [online edition].
[5] Angelo, R.T. Cringan, M.S. Chamberlain, D.L. Stahl, A.J. Haslouer, S.G and Goodrich, C.A (2007): Residual effects of lead and zinc mining on freshwater mussels in the Spring River Basin (Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, USA). Science of the Total Environment 384:467-496.

In the present studies efforts are made to develop a low cost method to remove pesticides from water streams. Low cost walnut shells after chemical and thermal treatment are used to remove carbofuran and Chloropyriphos pesticides from aqueous solutions. The adsorption parameters i.e. pH, contact time, shaking speed and initial concentration have been studied. The adsorption was found to be rapid 97-99% within 30 min. The adsorption of pesticides on the adsorbent surface was found to be pH dependent. The adsorbent material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Elution experiments were performed to recover the adsorbed pesticide from the adsorbent surface. The Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Thomas models were used to study the partitioning behavior for the adsorption system along with kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The proposed adsorption method was utilized to remove carbofuran and Chloropyriphos pesticides from environmental water samples.

 

Key word: Adsorption; pesticides; Walnut shell; Isotherms, Kinetics; thermodynamics.

[1] M. Younes, and H. Galal-Gorchev, Pesticides in Drinking Water-A Case Study. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 38, 2000, 87-90.
[2] N. Singh, and Jatropha curcas, A potential crop for phytoremediation of coal fly ash, Journal of Hazardous Material, 172, 2009, 269-275.
[3] The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification 2000–2002. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (2001).
[4] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database: Version 2.0 (Summary). USDA-Soil Conservation Service, Syracuse, NY, 1990.
[5] Occupational Health Services, Inc. MSDS for carbofuran ( OHS Inc., Secaucus, NJ, 1991).

A novel idea of using median deviation parameter in estimating the noise in the images is proposed and successfully applied to both gray level as well as color images. The median filter which is very popular in removing the salt and pepper noise from the images ,has undergone many changes in recent past. To this modified median filter the concept of median deviation is added and used in estimating and removing the noise. The proposed method is implemented by developing a Graphical User Interface in MATLAB and also implemented using the Spartan 3E Filed Programmable Device. The results are found to be better than earlier methods and also robust in terms of preserving the contrast and fine details of the image even at high noise densities.

 

Keywords - Median filter; Median deviation; Salt and Pepper noise; MATLAB; Image processing

[1] T.A. Nodes and N.C. Gallagher, Jr., "The output distribution of median type filters," IEEE Trans Communication., 32(5): 532-541, 1984.
[2] H. Hwang and R. A. Hadded, "Adaptive median filter: New algorithms and results," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 499–502, Apr. 1995.

[3] S. Zhang and M. A. Karim, "A new impulse detector for switching median filters," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 360– 363, Nov. 2002.
[4] P. E. Ng and K. K. Ma, "A switching median filter with boundary discriminative noise detection for extremely corrupted images," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1506–1516, Jun. 2006 .
[5] K. S. Srinivasan and D. Ebenezer, "A New Fast and Efficient Decision- Based Algorithm for Removal of High-Density Impulse Noises", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol.14, No.6, and March 2007.