Wind has a very intermittent nature, its behaviour and speed are directly affected by several factors, specifically the nature of the environment and the height that wind blows at. Wind behaviour at urban large city areas and urban suburban areas is completely different than such behaviour at open terrain and flat unobstructed areas, wind turns to be more disturbed and turbulent and wind speed is reduced due to the existence of several obstructions, mostly buildings either single storey or medium rise or high rise buildings in addition to trees. As well, the height at which wind is blowing, the lower height the more disturbed wind the less wind speed, such effect is maximised in urban areas and near to the ground level. This paper aims to estimate and generate, in urban Armidale NSW, Australia, an annual typical daily wind speed for heights equal and less than 10m. A numerical method is applied to calculate such wind speed at urban Armidale at various heights (10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 & 4) m utilising an already previously generated typical wind speed reference year (TRY) of Armidale based on historical meteorological wind speed records measured at 10m height at Armidale's Tree Group Nursery Weather Station over a period of 23 years (1991 to 2013). This station is situated typically in valley of Armidale's lowest altitude, thus such data would represent the pessimistic scenario of urban wind speed in Armidale. Achieving such a database of typical reference year of daily wind speed at heights equal and less than 10 meters in (m/s) is an added value to the micro-scale wind energy generation systems, ranges from 0.5 kW to 10 kW, as such systems involves micro-scale wind turbines would be operating at heights considered at this study.

 

Keywords: - Armidale Valley, NSW, test meteorological year, test reference year, wind speed, micro-scale energy generation, micro-wind turbines

[1] Arens, E. A., 1981, Designing for an Acceptable Wind Speed, Transportation Engineering Journal 107, 127-141.
[2] Ansley, R. M.; W. Melbourne & B. J. Vickery, 1977, Architectural Aerodynamics, London, applied science publishers Ltd.
[3] ASREA Handbook, 1997, Fundamentals, Chapter 15.
[4] Gandemer, 1977, Wind Environment around Buildings: Aerodynamic Concepts, Pro. Wind Effects on Buildings & Structures, Cambridge University Press. 423-433.
[5] Givoni, Baruch, Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1998.

The most common data for describing the local solar climate is through what is called Typical
Meteorological Year data (TMY). Typical solar radiation data is very important for the calculations of many solar
applications. In this study, typical solar radiation years for Armidale town in New South Wales in Australia are
generated from the daily global solar radiation data measured for 23 years, utilising the Finkelstein-Schafer
statistical method. The study outcome provides optimistic, normal and pessimistic expected global solar radiation
in Armidale all over the year based on previous studies conducted based on meteorological historical measured
data in Armidale's Airport Weather Automatic Weather Station. Such outcome presents a handy database of
global solar radiation to be utilised by solar energy's specialists for detailed calculations and/or ordinary persons
for initial assessment of solar energy in Armidale.

 

Keywords: - Armidale NSW, solar radiation, test meteorological year, test reference yea

[1] A. Argiriou, S. Lykoudis, S. Kontoyiannidis, C.A. Balaras, D. Asimakopoulos, M. Petrakis, and P.Kassomenos. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 20 years data for Athens, Greece. Solar Energy 66(1), 1999, 33–45.
[2] W. Marion and K. Urban. User's Manual for TMY2s. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado, USA, 1995.
[3] H. Bulut. Generation of typical solar radiation data for Istanbul, Turkey. International Journal of Energy Research 27(9), 2003, 847–855.
[4] H. Bulut. Typical Solar Radiation Year for South-eastern Anatolia. Renewable Energy 29(9), 2004, 1477–1488.
[5] R.L. Fagbenle. Generation of a test reference year for Ibadan, Nigeria. Energy Conversion and Management 30(1), 1995, 61–63.

Wind has a very intermittent nature, its behaviour and speed are directly affected by several factors, specifically the nature of the environment and the height that wind blows at. Wind behaviour at urban large city areas and urban suburban areas is completely different than such behaviour at open terrain and flat unobstructed areas, wind turns to be more disturbed and turbulent and wind speed is reduced due to the existence of several obstructions, mostly buildings either single storey or medium rise or high rise buildings in addition to trees. As well, the height at which wind is blowing, the lower height the more disturbed wind the less wind speed, such effect is maximised in urban areas and near to the ground level. In this study, typical reference years of urban wind speed for Armidale town in New South Wales in Australia are generated from the daily meteorological wind speed data measured for 23 years from two weather stations in Armidale which are Armidale Airport Automatic Weather Stations and Armidale Tree Group Nursery Manual Weather Station, utilising the Finkelstein-Schafer statistical method. The study outcome is a database of the daily optimistic, normal and pessimistic limits all over the year of the urban wind speed in Armidale NSW. The said database limits would be a real help for wind energy generation systems' designers in this region for all building applications varying between residential, educational, administrative and commercial for sizing and maximising efficiency of such systems by using the tabular TYR outcome for the each day of the year for various heights (10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 & 4) meters.

 

Keywords: - Armidale NSW, test meteorological year, test reference year, wind speed, micro-scale energy generation, micro-wind turbines

[1] Arens, E. A., 1981, Designing for an Acceptable Wind Speed, Transportation Engineering Journal 107, 127-141.
[2] Ansley, R. M.; W. Melbourne & B. J. Vickery, 1977, Architectural Aerodynamics, London, applied science publishers Ltd.
[3] ASREA Handbook, 1997, Fundamentals, Chapter 15.
[4] Gandemer, 1977, Wind Environment around Buildings: Aerodynamic Concepts, Pro. Wind Effects on Buildings & Structures, Cambridge University Press. 423-433.
[5] Givoni, Baruch, Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1998.

This paper makes use of log- linear model on the age, sex and blood group of staff In Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana. The model was used to study the association between these variables. Interactions between Age and Sex, Sex and Blood Group, Age and Blood Group in the fitted models were observed.

 

Key words: Hierarchical, log-linear, Interaction, Categorical.

[1] Deming W.E. and Stephen F.F (1940). On a Least Squares Adjustment of a Sampled Frequency Table when the Expected Marginal Tools are known. Ann. Math, Statist 11,427-444.
[2] Grizzle, J.E Starmer, C.F and Koch, G.G (1969) Analysis of Categorical Data by Linear Models. Biometrics 25,489-505.
[3] Kennedy, W.J Jr. and Gentle, J.E (1989) Statistical Computing New York; Marcel Dekkers.
[4] Roy, S. N and Kastenbaum, M.A. (1956). Ann. Math. Stat. 27,749-757.
[5] Jeansonne Angela (2002). Loglinear Model.

In order to prevent global warming and save resources, there has been a pressing need in recent years to improve the efficiency of home appliance. Appliance applications such as washers, dryers, air conditioners, and refrigerators, have long been users of conventional induction motor and DC motor for operating pumps, compressors, blowers, fans and agitators as common examples. To meet the increasing demand of energy saving, the induction motor and DC motor in home appliance applications are rapidly being replaced with brushless DC motor. This paper deals primarily with the design aspects of the brushless DC motor drive for appliance applications.

 

Keywords: - brushless DC motor (BLDC), motor drive, trapezoidal commutation, appliance, lead angle

[1] Zeraoulia M., Benbouzid M.E.H., and Diallo D., Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV Propulsion Systems : A Comparative Study, IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol. 55, Iss. 6, pp. 1756-1764, Nov. 2006.
[2] A. Tozune, and T. Takeuchi, Improvement of torque-speed characteristics of brushless motor by automatic lead angle adjustment, IPEMC 2004, pp 583-587, 2004.
[3] S. I. Park, T. S. Kim, S. C. Ahn, and D. S. Hyun, An improved current control method for torque improvement of high-speed BLDC motor, APEC `03, pp 294-299, 2003.
[4] S. K. Safi, P. P. Acarnley, and A. G. Jack, Analysis and simulation of the high-speed torque performance of brushless DC motor drives, IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 142, No. 3, May 1995.
[5] Richard Valentine, Motor Control Electronics Handbook, (McGraw-Hill Handbooks, 1998).

The proposed work describes the design and development of an automated magnetizing workstation in the i-Booster assembly line. The i-Booster assembly line has four workstations, loading, magnetizing, insertion and clipping. Magnetizing the steel plates in the magnetizing unit before inserting it into the i-Booster is the main objective. The steel plates are magnetized and inserted into the core in opposite polarity alternatively. The magnetizing workstation is designed and 3-D model has been developed using 3-D based software called Autodesk Inventor.

 

Keywords: - Magnetizing workstation, i-Booster, Autodesk Inventor, Assembly line.

[1]. Rekiek, De Lit, Delchambr, Alain, Designing Mixed-Product Assembly Lines, Robotics and Automation, 2000, IEEE Transaction, Volume: 16, Issue: 3, 10.1109/70.850645, Page no.: 268 – 280.

[2]. Luo-ke Hu, Fang-ye Shao, Gui-xia He, Balancing Analysis and Algorithm Design for Mixed Model Assembly Lines, Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2011, IEEE, 18Th International Conference, Volume: Part 1, 10.1109/ICIEEM.2011.6035107, Page no.: 67 – 71.

[3]. Qin yong-fa, Zhaoming-yang, Research on Optimization Method for Hybrid Assembly Line Design, Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision Conference, 2004, ICARCV 2004, 8th : 509 – 514, Volume.1.

[4]. Rekiek B., Delchambre A., Hybrid Assembly Line Design, Assembly and Task Planning, 2001, Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium, 10.1109/ISATP.2001.928969, Page no.: 73 – 78.