Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Discovery of Computer Information Technology Is An Avenue For Educational Transformation In A Changing Society of Today and Tomorrow
Country	::	USA
Authors	::	Dr. Joseph O. Esin
Page No.	::	01-06
	::	10.9790/3021-041210106
	::	0.4/3021-41210106
		3021-0412-0106

Education is a guaranteed and innovative vehicle to a high standard of living, an avenue for intellectual interactions, social networking vehicle amongst current academic professionals, college and university graduates, the political, local, state, and community. The primary purpose of a life-long education is to promote personal and professional development and the advancement of national and world economy. History supports the premise that after continued self-regulating attempts, time has come for current and future graduates, professionals, and the entire education community to focus on the primacy of computer information technology. Esin (2013) in his studies on global education reform posited that computer information technology has widened human access to vital data, video and information transmission and communication. The evolution of computer information technology has created an irreversible phenomenon in instruction and learning endeavors, and continues to serve as the best medium for multiple sources of information and communication. Emergence of computer information technology has equally created a wide-range of opportunities for greater production; eradicate the lingering global language barriers, and creating a working podium in the academic and political world. It is a proven tenet that the continued use of computer information technology and associated devices such as the Internet, mobile telephones, and electronic mail for data, video, information transmission and communication has improved the standard of living and enhanced the exchange of ideas, effective method of instruction, a decrease in alarming attrition rate of students dropping out of the degree programs and improvement in academic performance.

[1] Ayers, E. L. (2004). The Academic Culture and the IT Culture: Their Effect on Teaching and Scholarship. EduCase Review, 39 (6) 48-62.
[2] Bednar, M. R. & Sweeder J. J. (2005). Defining and Applying Technologies: A Systematic Conceptual Framework for Teachers-Computer in Schools. 22 3-4.
[3] Barnes, Candice D. and Filer, Janet (2012). "Disposition Development: A Neglected Voice for the Pursuit of Excellence among College Students" Faculty Focus of Higher Education Teaching Strategies: Magna Publication.
[4] Brouillette, M. J. (2000). "Increase Teachers' Pay the Right Way." Education Report, September 13.
[5] Clinton, W. J. (1996). State of the Union Address. Washington, DC. http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/New/other/sotu.html.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Designing E-Learning Process
Country	::	Lebanon
Authors	::	Francis Francis
Page No.	::	07-10
	::	10.9790/3021-041210710
	::	0.4/3021-041210710
		3021-0412-0110

In the last few decades, the rapid increase and development of advanced information technology has widened the gaps between different countries. The term E-Learning is ambiguous to those outside the E-Learning industry and, even within its diverse disciplines; it has different meanings to different people. This paper seeks to explore a model to be used as a filter for refining the items and products of E-Learning Process (ELP). Firstly, this model is concerned with the definitions and identifications of typical social problems which delay the application and deployment of E-Learning Process and secondly, we propose a simple model for socially conscious E-Learning Process to increase the benefits and effectiveness of ELP, as well as increase the number of customers in the world. In this model, Social Metrics (SM) are the parameters used to measure ELP improvement with respect to social goals. These metrics are used as evaluation criteria of concepts and ideas (CI) that will lead to the establishment of a relationship matrix (SM-CI). This model will add a new dimension to the quality of E-Learning Process by deploying social value to the quality function; it can also be used as a reference for social decision-making and design for society at the early stages of E-Learning product development.

Keywords: E-Learning Process, social concerns, social metrics, best concept.

[1]. Ashraf, T. (1999).Management of Technology-Case studies. Deli, India.
[2]. Barrow, C.J. (2000). Social Impact Assessment: an Introduction. London: Arnold.
[3]. Burdge, Rabel J.( 2004). A community Guide to Social Impact Assessment. Middleton, WI: The Social Ecology Press.
[4]. Catherine H. Berndt, (2000). Pioneers and Settlers – Aboroginal Australians. UK Press.
[5]. Deetz, S., S. J. Tracy, (2000). Leading Organizations through Transition:Communication and Cultural Change. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Reduction of Bending Defects in Hard Disk Drive Suspensions
Country	::	Thailand
Authors	::	Khwanchai Huailuk || Napassavong Rojanarowan
Page No.	::	11-17
	::	10.9790/3021-041211117
	::	0.4/3021-041211117
		3021-0412-0117

The objective of this research was to reduce the rate of bending defects in hard disk drive suspensions by applying the Six Sigma method. The study first defines the problem, gives the project objective and scope. Then, the Attribute Agreement Analysis was performed to ensure the reliability of the inspection results. Process Mapping then lists the Process Input Variables that lead to bending defects. Then, the effects of various variables on bending defects were analyzed using the Cause and Effect Matrix. The criteria of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis technique were then used to reduce the number of variables and prioritize the Key Process Input Variable (KPIV) for further analysis. Following this, process factors were improved by changing tray design in Laser Welding, Cutting, Forming, Final Trim, Damper Attachment and Backend processes. The tooling die was modified in the forming process. The handling tool was modified in the Final trim and Damper Attachment processes. Finally, the creation or revision of standard work instructions (Do/ Don't) were done and the operators were trained. After that, a control plan was set up to control production processes. The results show that the bend defect rate decreased from 15649 PPM to 9263 PPM.

Keywords: Bend Defect, Hard Disk Drive Suspension, Six Sigma, Hypothesis Testing, Defect Reduction

[1] B. Klefsjö, H. Wiklund, and R.L. Edgeman, Six Sigma seen as a methodology for total Management, Measuring Business, 5, 2001, 31-35.
[2] T. Pyzdek, The Six Sigma handbook revised and expanded (McGraw-Hill, 2003)
[3] J. Antony, M. Kumar, and M.K. Tiwari, An application of Six Sigma methodology to reduce the engine overheating problem in an automotive company, Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 209, 2005, 633-646
[4] R.B. Anand, S.K. Shukla, A. Ghorpade, M.K. Tiwari and R. Shankare, Six Sigma-based approach to optimize deep drawing operation variables, International Journal of Production Research, 45, 2007, 2365-2385.

[5] S. Coleman, Six Sigma: an opportunity for statistics and for statisticians, Significance, 5, 2008, 94-96.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Optimization of ultrasonic treatment of apple (Malus domestica) mash in the extraction of juice with high antioxidant content
Country	::	Vietnam
Authors	::	P. S. Quang || T. T. T. Le || V. V. M. Le
Page No.	::	18-21
	::	10.9790/3021-041211821
	::	0.4/3021-041211821
		3021-0412-0121

In this study, ultrasonic treatment of apple mash was used for improvement in antioxidant content in the fruit juice. Firstly, the effects of ultrasonic power and time on the ascorbic acid and phenolic content as well as the antioxidant activity of the apple juice were investigated. Response surface methodology was then applied to optimization of sonication conditions for maximizing the antioxidant activity of the juice. The optimal ultrasonic power and time were 20 W/g and 7.3 min, respectively under which the antioxidant activity of the apple juice achieved maximum of 13.18μmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity per g dry weight (TEAC/g DW) using 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) essay. This value was 67.5% higher than that in the control sample without ultrasonic treatment.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, Malus domestica, phenolics, ultrasonic treatment

[1] K. L. Wolfe and R. H. Liu, "Apple Peels as a Value-Added Food Ingredient," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 51, 2003, pp. 1676-1683.
[2] J. ław Markowski and W. Płocharski, "Determination of phenolic compounds in apples and processed apple products," Journal of fruit and ornamental plant research, vol. 14, 2006, p. 2.
[3] H. V. Le and V. V. M. Le, "Comparison of enzyme-assisted and ultrasound-assisted extraction of vitamin C and phenolic compounds from acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit," International Journal of Food Science & Technology, vol. 47, 2012, pp. 1206-1214.
[4] K. Wolfe, X. Wu, and R. H. Liu, "Antioxidant Activity of Apple Peels," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 51, 2003, pp. 609-614.
[5] R. P. Re, N; Proteggente, A; Pannala, A; Yang, M; Rice-Evans, C, "Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay," Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 26, 1999, pp. 1231-1237.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	An encrypted mechanism for securing cloud data from data mining attacks
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Priyadarshini Adyasha Pattanaik
Page No.	::	22-24
	::	10.9790/3021-041212224
	::	0.4/3021-041212224
		3021-0412-0124

Cloud Computing is a vast infrastructural and rising pool which provides huge storage of data in one sphere. Organizations nowadays are in the marathon of equipping the whole system in a cloud form. In this paper we are concern for providing a greater security to the cloud data from data mining attacks. Time complexity and security issue is taken into consideration. Data security and privacy protection issues are associated with cloud computing have been enhanced and modernised in this paper. We have proposed an architecture comprising of various components and network designs which provides a high level of security to the data. The rate of growth of cloud computing is so fast that it has already put its head in the mortar and is spread as the most durable untiring technology now. As cloud computing is a store house of data which might get affected by data mining attacks so we have launched this architecture.

[1] Secure and Efficient Data Storage in Multi-clouds, Veena Khandelwal -2013
[2] Database system concept, Abraham Silbersschtz, Henry F. Korth.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Design and implementation of a programmable remote controlled and monitored irrigation system
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Tajedinn abdelgawi Baker || Abdelrasoul gabbar kizar elzibaidi
Page No.	::	25-29
	::	10.9790/3021-041212529
	::	0.4/3021-041212529
		3021-0412-0129

Irrigation is the process of artificially supplying water to land where crops are cultivated. Considering the characteristic and methods of irrigation in Sudan, this paper brings forward new programmable device for remote control and monitoring of irrigation system. Three levels are included in the system: the microcontroller for information processing using atmega32 with a control program for real time measurement and control , GSM unit to provide wireless communication via cell phones for monitoring of field parameters and control requirement, with the aid of sensors (temperature, moisture and humidity sensors). RF transmitter is used to collect and transmit data from field to the controller which includes RF receiver. The System operates in three modes: the first one is for closed field (green houses) where the weather parameters must be set according to the plant requirement via system keypad for automatic control of irrigation process. The second mode is used in case of regular irrigation where the plant is to be irrigated in regular intervals ,while the third mode is for the case where the plant is to be irrigated in irregular intervals. The system has also the ability to operate as a weather station through the explanation mode provided with the system. In this mode the user can feed the system with the weather parameters(temperature ,humidity, dew point and rainfall) ,then the user will receive a real time feedback SMS explaining the condition.

Keywords: Microcontroller, automated irrigation, RF, GSM, real time system, sensors.

[1] A Real time implementation of a GSM based Automated Irrigation Control System using Drip Irrigation Methodology , International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Veena Divya Kmember IACSIT1, Ayush Akhouri2, Chandan Kumar3, Raunak Rishabh4, Rochak Bagla5 , Volume 4, Issue 5,May 2013
[2] Chandrika Chanda1, Surbhi Agarwal2, Er. B.Persis Urbana Ivy, AP(SG)3, (": A Survey of Automated GSM Based Irrigation Systems"), International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering , Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2012
[3] Drip and Micro Irrigation Design and Management for Trees, Vines, and Field Crops, 3rd Edition, by
Charles M. Burt and Stuart W. Styles, published by the Irrigation Training and Research Center, 2007
[4] Mahesh M. Galgalikar, "Real-Time Automization Of Agricultural Environment for Social Modernization of Indian Agricultural System", on IEEE Proceedings,2010.
[5] Indu Gautam, S.R.N. Reddy, "Innovative GSM Blutooth Based Remote Controlled Embedded System for Irrigation", on IJCA, June 2012

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The correlation of dry density and porosity of some rocks from the Karoo Supergroup: A case study of selected rock types between Grahamstown and Queenstown in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Country	::	South Africa
Authors	::	C. Baiyegunhi || T. L. Oloniniyi || O. Gwavava
Page No.	::	30-40
	::	10.9790/3021-041213040
	::	0.4/3021-041213040
		3021-0412-0140

The correlation of dry density and porosity of some rocks from the Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was carried out in order to establish a relationship between the two parameters that will possibly serve as a guide on the engineering design, especially on the type of casing materials to be used when considering fracturing of the Karoo for shale gas. The densities of rock samples were determined using the buoyancy determined volume. The correlation was determined by plotting a chart of particle density against the porosity and fitting a least squares line through the data. The average densityvaluesrange from 2.5258 - 2.7723cm-3.The average porosity values range from 0.4931–3.3095 %.The correlation coefficient values R range from 0.9491 - 0.9982.The meanof the porosity values obtained from the model and those determined in the laboratory are 1.7459 and 1.7476 respectively. The variance and standard deviation are 6.29× 10−6and 2.51× 10−3 respectively. It was deduced that the variables are closely correlated, thus should be considered during engineering design.

Keywords: coefficient of correlation, dry density, porosity,Karoo Supergroup

[1]. O.A.Adameso, J.A.Adekoya, and B.M. Olaleye, The inter-relationship of bulk density and porosity of some crystalline basement complex rocks: A case study of some rock type in South-western Nigeria. ISOR Journal of Engineering, vol. 2 (4),2012, 555 -562.
[2]. O.D.Akinyemi, A.A.Alabi, A.I.Ojo, and O.E. Adewusi, Characterization of Density and Porosity of Rocks Samples from Ogun State of Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Science Research, vol. 1, Issue 2,2012, 98p.
[3]. E. Bordy, T. Segwabe, and B, Makuke,Sedimentology of the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic Mosolotsane Formation (Karoo Supergroup), Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana.Journal of African Earth Sciences, vol. 58, Issue 1,2010, 127 – 140.
[4]. E.T. Brown,Rock characterization, testing and monitoring - ISRM suggested methods, Pergamon Press. 201, 1981, 113-116.
[5]. O.Catuneanu, P.J. Hancox, and B.S. Rubidge, Reciprocal flexural behaviour and contrasting stratigraphies: a new basin development model for the Karoo retroarc foreland system, South Africa. Basin Research, vol. 10,1998, 417-439.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Double-Sampling Control Charts for Attributes
Country	::	Mexico
Authors	::	Esmeralda Ramírez Méndez || Luis Manuel Lozano Cota || Lamberto Castro || Carlos Anaya || Carlos Figueroa
Page No.	::	41-46
	::	10.9790/3021-041214146
	::	0.4/3021-041214146
		3021-0412-0146

Atypical controlchartis a time-graphofa sequence of valuesof a givenstatistic.It is used tostatisticallycontrol a process and distinguishes betweencausesof variationpresentedover time;the variability due tocommon causes (which may be described by random models) or thevariability due tospecial causes (which maybe explained in terms ofanoperating parameterof the process).This work presentsthe use ofa double-sampling control chartforattributesin processes withlowproductionvolume.

Keywords: Attributes, Control charts, Double-Sampling.

[1]. De Araújo Rodríguez, Aurélia Aparecida, Epprecht, Eugenio Kahn and De Magalhães, Maysa Sacramento.2011. ―Double-sampling control charts for attributes.‖ Journal of Applied Statistics, 38: 1, 87 — 112.
[2]. De Magalhães, Maysa S., A. F. B. Costa and Francisco D. Moura Neto. 2009. ―A hierarchy of adaptive control charts.‖ Int. J .Production Economics, 119: 271–283.
[3]. Gutiérrez Pulido, H. & de la Vara Salazar, R., 2009. Control estadístico de calidad y seis sigma. 2 ed. México, D. F.: McGraw-Hill/Interamericana Editores, S.A. de C.V.
[4]. Haridy, Salah, Zhang Wu, Kazem Abhary, Philippe Castagliola & Mohammad Shamsuzzaman. 2013. ―Development of a multiattribute synthetic-np chart‖, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation. DOI:10.1080/00949655.2013.769541.
[5]. Haridy, Salah, Zhang Wu, Michael B.C. Khoo, Fong-Jung Yu. 2012. ―A combined synthetic and np scheme for detecting increases in fraction nonconforming.‖ Computers & Industrial Engineering, 62: 979-988.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Prediction of Toxic Gases Using Intelligent Multi-sensors Combined with Artificial Neural Networks
Country	::	Morocco
Authors	::	Slimane Ouhmad || Abdellah Halimi || Ahmed Roukhe
Page No.	::	47-52
	::	10.9790/3021-041214752
	::	0.4/3021-041214752
		3021-0412-0152

The security of monitor indoor air quality using sensors is not yet widespread. However, it is an efficient way to control the toxic gazes coming from large industrial facilities when traditional instrument are not usable especially in low concentration. This paper presents the power prediction of toxic gases using neural networks MLP off-line type. Back propagation algorithm was used to train a multi-layer feed-forward network (descent gradient algorithm).The data used in this work are stemming from a system of intelligent multi-sensors analysis and signal processing in order to detect hydrogen sulfide(H2S), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and their mixture (H2S-NO2) in low concentration (one ppm).The successful results based on different accuracy in terms of statistical criteria, which approve the robustness of our developed model that gives a certain power prediction of electronic nose.

Keywords: Toxic gases, Artificial Neural Networks, Multi-Layer Perceptron, off-line learning, prediction.

[1] Akkoyunlu A, Ertürk F. Evaluation of air pollution trends in İstanbul. Int J Environ Pollut 2003;18:388–98.
[2] Karaca F, Ölmez I, Aras NK. A radiotracer method to study the transport of mercury (II) chloride from water to sediment and air. J Radioanal Chem2004; 259:223–6.
[3] Karaca F, Alagha O, Ertürk F. Application of inductive learning: air pollution forecast in Istanbul, Turkey. Intell Autom Soft Co 2005a; 11(4):207–16.
[4] MW Gardner, SR Dorling. Neural network modeling and prediction of hourly NOx and NO2 concentrations in urban air in London . Atmospheric Environment, vol 33, No 5, pp.709–719, 1999.
[5] Berna, A. (2010). Metal oxide sensors for electronic noses and their application to food analysis. Sensors, 10, 3882–3910..

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Automation of ECG heart beat detection using Morphological filtering and Daubechies wavelet transform
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Gayani K. S. || Vinod Kumar Jacob || Kavitha N. Nair
Page No.	::	53-58
	::	10.9790/3021-041215358
	::	0.4/3021-041215358
		3021-0412-0158

The most specific diagnostic test for heart diseases is the Electrocardiaogram(ECG). ECG is a graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart. Analysis of a ECG signal starts with the detection of QRS complex. Detection of QRS complex is a difficult task as the ECG signal is frequently corrupted by powerline interference, baseline drift, motion artifact and electromyographic interference. Therefore, reliable and accurate detection of QRS complex is gaining momentum nowadays. A novel QRS detection algorithm based on Mathematical Morphology(MM) filtering and Daubechies wavelet transform has been developed in this work. MM uses its hybrid opening-closing operations for impulsive noise suppression and baseline wander removal. Daubechies3 WT is used for signal analysis since it has a shape similar to the ECG signal. R peak is extracted as a first in the feature extraction since it is having highest amplitude, followed by Q peak and S peak extraction. Heart beat rate was calculated from the R-R peak interval. From the heart rate and R-R peak interval the diagnosis of the cardiac ailments is done.

Keywords: Baseline wander, Daubechies wavelet transform, ECG, Mathematical Morphology, QRS complex.

[1] C.H. Chu and E.J. Delp, Impulsive Noise Suppression and Background Normalization of Electrocardiogram Signals Using Morphological Operators, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 36, pp. 262-273, 1989.
[2] Tripti Singh, Yogender Sharma and Ankit Jayant, Optimize Approach to Remove Baseline Wandering From ECG Signals, PISER 13, Vol.02, Issue: 03/06 May- June,2014; Bimonthly International Journal Page(s) 216-219
[3] Monika Kumari and Priyanka Mehta, QRS Complex Detection of ECG Signal Using Wavelet Transform, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol.7 No.11, 2012
[4] Anshul Jain, Dr. Ajit Patel and Yamini Goyal ,ECG Analysis System with Event Detection based on Daubechies Wavelets, 2012 International Conference on Electronics Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI 2012)
[5] P. Sasikala, Dr. R.S.D. Wahidabanu, Robust R Peak and QRS detection in Electrocardiogram using Wavelet Transform, (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,Vol. 1, No.6, December 2010.