Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance of Concrete Incorporating Industrial and Agricultural Wastes
Country	::	Egypt
Authors	::	Ashraf Mohamed Heniegal || Fawkia Fahim El-Habiby || Radwa Defalla Abdel Hafez
Page No.	::	01-11
	::	10.9790/3021-0412401011
	::	0.4/3021-0412401011
		3021-0412-0411

Use of industrial and agricultural waste products such as (sisal, flax, glass fiber and Carpet wastes fiber). materials in concrete is not only improves the strength of concrete but, also leads to the proper disposal of these materials, resulting in reducing impact of these materials on environment. Fiber admix can effectively improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Utilization of recycled fibers from post-consumer, industrial waste and agricultural waste offer some benefits such as waste reduction, resource conservation, also low-cost materials and reduced need for land filling. Concrete is a tension weak building material, which is often cracked not ridden in plastic and hardened states, drying shrinkage and so on, low tensile strength limited ductility and resistance to cracking. In order to improve attempt has been made to study the effect of these materials on ordinary Portland cement concrete. In the experimental work, glass fibers, sisal, flax and waste fiber in different percentage (0.5%, 1% and 2 %) has been added .The mechanical properties of concrete ware carried out (compressive strength test for 234 cubes, flexural strength test for 39 beams and indirect tensile strength test for 39 cylinders). The results showed improvement in mechanical and durability of concrete with glass fibers and waste fiber by a valuable degree.

Index Terms: Percentages added, concrete mixes, (sisal, flax, glass fiber and Carpet wastes fiber), Coarse Aggregate (CA), Fine Aggregate (FA), compressive strength test, flexural strength test, indirect tensile strength test.

[1] Flavio de Andrade Silva, Nikhilesh Chawla and Romildo Dias de Toledo Filho," tensile behavior of high performance natural (sisal) fibers", Composites Science and Technology, 68, (2008), pp (3438:3443).
[2] Saswat Mohapatra, "evaluation of performance of flax fiber in the SMA Mix using slag as aggregate replacement", National Institute of Technology, Rourkela,(2013).
[3] Kawkab Habeeb Al Rawi and Moslih Amer Salih Al Khafagy, "effect of adding sisal fiber and Iraqi bauxite on some Properties of concrete", Technical Institute of Babylon, (2009), pp (16).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	An Improved Prediction System for Football a Match Result
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Igiri, Chinwe Peace||Nwachukwu, Enoch Okechukwu
Page No.	::	12-20
	::	10.9790/3021-04124012020
	::	0.4/3021-04124012020
		3021-0412-0420

Predictive systems have been employed to predict events and results in virtually all walks of life. Football results prediction in particular has gained popularity in recent years. Statistical approaches have shown complex and low prediction results. Data mining tools with insufficient features, however, have also yielded low predictions. In our research, knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) has been used to develop a football match result predictive model by gathering 9 features that affect the outcome of football matches. We constructed a more comprehensive system with an improved prediction accuracy by using the features that directly affect the result of a football match. Our prediction system for football match results was implemented using both artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) techniques with RapidMiner as a data mining tool. The technique yielded 85% and 93% prediction accuracy for ANN and LR techniques respectively. With this output, it is observed that the prediction accuracy is higher than those of existing systems.

Keywords: ANN, data mining, KDD, models, prediction

[1] Adhatrao, K., Gaykar, A., Dhawan, A., Jha, R. &Honrao, V. Predicting students' performance using ID3 and C4.5 classification algorithms. International Journal of Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process, 3(5), 2013, 39-52.
[2] Zheyuan F., Yuming K., Xiaolin, L. Chess game results prediction system. Stanford University CS Machine Learning Project Report, 2013,Retrieved from:http://cs229.stanford.edu/proj2013/FanKuangLin-ChessGameResultPredictionSystem.pdf .
[3] Buursma, D.,Predicting sports event from past result: Towards effective betting on football matches. Preceding 14thTwente Student Conference on IT. University of Twente, Faculty Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Netherlands, 2011. Retrieved from: http://referaat.cs.utwente.nl/conference/14/paper/7226/predicting-sports-events-from-past-results.pdf

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance probe for Nanostructured and Nanotube TiO2 Photoelectrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Divya Jyoti
Page No.	::	21-24
	::	10.9790/3021-04124021024
	::	0.4/3021-04124021024
		3021-0412-0424

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been fabricated by incorporating nanostructured and nanotube anatase based TiO2 photoelectrodes grown by a simple modification in hydrothermal technique. Morphological characteristics have been confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Performance investigations of anatase nanocrystalline and nanotube based DSSCs have been made by obtaining current density-voltage curve and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra. It has been found that nanotube based DSSC has a higher efficiency (7.28%) than nanocrystalline anatase based DSSC (6.6%).

Keywords: nanocrystalline; nanotube; photonaode

[1] B. O. Regan, M. Grätzel, "Photoelectrochemical Solar cells", Nature, 353, 1991, 737-742.
[2] Michael Grätzel, "Solar Energy Conversion by Dye-Sensitized Photovoltaic Cells", Inorg.Chem. 2005, 44 (20), 6841–6851.
[3] Jong Kwan Koh, Jeonghun Kim, Byeonggwan Kim, Jong Hak Kim, Eunkyoung Kim,Highly Efficient, "Iodine-Free Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Solid-State Synthesis of Conducting Polymers", Advanced Materials, 23(14), 2011 1641–1646.
[4] Nicolas Tétreault and Michael Grätzel, "Novel nanostructures for next generation dye-sensitized solar cells", Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2EE03242B.
[5] Brian E. Hardin, Henry J. Snaith and Michael D. McGehee, "The renaissance of dye-sensitized solar cells", Nature photonics , 6, 2012, 162-169.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Influence of the Seismic Action on the RC Infilled Frames
Country	::	Romania
Authors	::	Diana Samoilă || Andrei Faur
Page No.	::	25-29
	::	10.9790/3021-04124025029
	::	0.4/3021-04124025029
		3021-0412-0429

The effects of the masonry panels on the seismic performance of the reinforced concrete frames depend on different factors: the building geometry, the mechanical characteristics of the infill, the intensity of the seismic action. The infills can provide an important contribution to the overall strength and stiffness, saving the building from collapsing in case of high intensity earthquakes. The paper presents a comparative study between infilled RC frames, with different number of stories (from four to seven), subjected to different seismic intensities.The study refers to three structural systems: the bare frame; the infilled frame, with the masonry panel that is isolated from the structure; the infilled frame that interact with the masonry wall. The study consists on carrying-out nonlinear static pushover analysis for each case and comparing the resulting capacity curves.

Keywords: capacity curves, infill walls, masonry, push-over analysis

[1] D. Samoilă, Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infilled Panels, Proceedings of the International Conference of Mechanical Engineering ICOME2013, Craiova, Romania, 2013, vol. 2, 601-610.

[2] D. Samoilă, Infill Panels – Analytical Model and Seismic Behaviour, IOSR Journal of Engineering 3(8), 2013, 30-39
[3] D. Samoilă, On the Seismic Response of the Soft-story Frames, Proceedings of the C60 International Conference, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 2013
[4] xxx P 100-1/2006 - Cod de proiectare seismică – Prevederi de proiectare pentru clădiri, Romania. [5] xxx P 100-1/2013 - Cod de proiectare seismică – Prevederi de proiectare pentru clădiri, Romania. [6] B. Stafford Smith, Behaviour of Square Infilled Frames, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of Structural Division, 92, no STI, 1966381-403. [7] R.J. Mainstone, On the Stiffness and strength of infilled frames, Proc. Supplement, Trans. of Instn. Of Civil Engrs, State Univ. of New York, 1974.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Adaptive Multistreaming Over Network Via SCTP
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Elhabib Attia Elhabib || Amin Babiker A/Nabi Mustafa|| Abdelrasoul jabar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	30-34
	::	10.9790/3021-04124030034
	::	0.4/3021-04124030034
		3021-0412-0434

The idea of this paper is related to the transmission of streaming media passed through a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP). This paper evaluates the performance of the SCTP with adaptive streams. This is done by adding new methods for setting the number of streams, that can be applied to an SCTP and that can utilize new, characteristic of SCTP features. A SCTP sender adaptively enables or disables multistreaming based on comparison between the estimates of available bandwidth and current congestion window size. It is desired to improve goodput under congestion. to evaluate the effect of communication through computer simulation using the INET framework for simulation tools OMNet++.This software will be setup under windows O.S, and finally will compare the variation between the proposed method and SCTP using normal streams.

Keywords: Multistreaming, SCTP, OMNeT++, INET Framework

[1] William Stallings, data and computer communications (Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall, Eighth Edition). [2] Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking (McGraw-Hill, Fourth Edition).
[3] OMNeT++ User Manual, Version 4.5 http://www.omnetpp.org/doc/omnetpp/Manual.pdf.

[4] INET Framework Documentation. Retrieved from http://www.omnetpp.org/staticpages/index.php? Page=20041019113420757.

[5] Nandgaonkar Vikas N, Patil Chandrashekhar G, Patil Sonali C, Comparative Analysis of TCP over Multi Streaming Protocol (SCTP) Based on Data Centers, International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Soft Computing Science and Engineering ISSN: 2277-9477, Volume 2, Issue 6

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Optimization of the Fermentation Medium to Receive The Highest Biomass Yield By Bacillus Subtilis Natto And The Initial Test Of Nattokinase Yield
Country	::	Vietnam
Authors	::	Tuan, Nguyen Anh || Huong, Nguyen Thuy
Page No.	::	35-40
	::	10.9790/3021-04124035040
	::	0.4/3021-04124035040
		3021-0412-0440

A bacterium, named Bacillus subtilis natto, is employed in medium optimization in order to be applied for nattokinase enzyme production. Six factors including glucose (X1), soybean peptone (X2), K2HPO4 (X3), MgSO4.7H2O (X4), NaCl (X5) and CaCl2 (X6) were used to screen some effect factors in the fermentation medium for the production of biomass by Plackett – Burman design. In the range studied, soybean peptone and CaCl2 had significant effect on biomass production. The optimized medium containing (g/L) glucose: 5.625, soybean peptone: 13, K2HPO4: 2.125, MgSO4.7H2O: 0.875, NaCl: 5, CaCl2: 0.05 were used for production of biomass and the highest dried cell weight in broth was 3.033 g/L. The maximum nattokinase yield was 31.06 ± 0.297 FU/mL of substrate in optimized medium above which was higher than that in before by over 30% after 20 hours of fermentation in 37oC, pH 7.5.

KEYWORDS: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis natto, extracellular proteases, Nattokinase, Plackett - Burman

[1] Dabbagh, F., et al., Nattokinase: production and application. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2014: p. 1-8.
[2] Berenjian, A., et al., Nattokinase production: Medium components and feeding strategy studies. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 2014(00): p. 37-37.
[3] Trần Quốc Tuấn, N.T.T.K., Lê Thị Thúy Ái, Đinh Minh Hiệp, Trần Cát Đông, Optimization of medium composition for recombinant Nattokinase production from bacillus subtillis by using response Surface methodology. Biology Journal, 2014. 36(1SE): p. 130 - 137.
[4] Lê Thị Bích Phượng, V.T.H., Trần Thạnh Phong, Lê Tấn Hưng, Trương Thị Hồng Vân, Lê Thị Hương, Isolation and selection of some Bacillus strains capable of nattokinase production. Biology Journal, 2012. 34(3SE): p. 99 - 104.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Predictive Semantic Parsing and Tagging
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Resmi Ramachandran Pillai
Page No.	::	41-46
	::	10.9790/3021-04124041046
	::	0.4/3021-04124041046
		3021-0412-0446

The project "Enhanced semantic preserved concept based mining model for enhancing document clustering " proposes the enhancement of data mining model for efficient informaion retreival . Concept based mining model is a challenging and a red hot field in the current scenario and has great importance in text categorization applications. A lot of research work has been done in this field but there is a need to categorize a collection of text documents into mutually exclusive categories by extracting the concepts or features using supervised learning paradigm and different classification algorithms. This project aims to Develop a concept based mining model for preserving the meaning of sentence using semantic net & synonym dictionary. The new concept definition can be expressed in the form of a triplet <subject, verb, object> .This triplet is the basic unit for the processing and preprocessing tasks. For increasing the performance, SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) is used.

[1] Jason D. M. Rennie, Lawrence Shih, Jaime Teevan, David R. Karger ,"Tackling The POOR Assumption Of Naïve Bayes Text Classifier", Proceedings Of The Twentieth International Conference On Machine Learning (ICML-2003), Washington DC, 2003.
[2] T.Mouratis, S.Kotsiantis, "Increasing The Accuracy Of Discriminative Of Multinominal Bayesian Classifier In Text Classification", ICCIT‟09 Proceedings Of The 2009 Fourth International Conference On Computer Science And Convergence Information Technology. [3] B.Rosario And M.A.Hearst, "Semantic Relation In Bioscience Text", Proc. 42nd Ann. Meeting On Assoc For Computational Linguistics, Vol.430,2004.
[3] M.Craven, "Learning To Extract Relations From Medline", Proc. Assoc. For The Advancement Of Artificial Intelligence.
[4] Oana Frunza.et.al, "A Machine Learning Approach For Identifying Disease-Treatment Relations In Short Texts", May 2011
[5] L. Hunter And K.B. Cohen, "Biomedical Language Processing:What‟s Beyond Pubmed?" Molecular Cell, Vol. 21-5, Pp. 589-594,2006.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Analysis of Radar Cross Sectional Area of Corner Reflectors
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Tarig Ibrahim Osman || Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	47-51
	::	10.9790/3021-04124047051
	::	0.4/3021-04124047051
		3021-0412-0451

Radar corner reflectors are designed to reflect the microwave radio waves emitted by radar sets back toward the radar antenna. This causes them to show a strong "return" on radar screens. A simple corner reflector consists of three conducting sheet metal or screen surfaces at 90° angles to each other, attached to one another at the edges, forming a "corner". These reflect radio waves coming from in front of them back parallel to the incoming beam. To create a corner reflector that will reflect radar waves coming from any direction, 8 corner reflectors are placed back-to-back in an octahedron (diamond) shape. The reflecting surfaces must be larger than several wavelengths of the radio waves to function.

Keywords: Radar ,corner reflectors , wavelength.

[1] B. C. Brock and A. W. Doerry, ―Radar cross section of triangular trihedral reflector with extended bottom plate,‖ 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
[2] E. F. Knott, ―RCS reduction of dihedral corners,‖ IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 406–409, 1977. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
[3] S. Y. Wang and S. K. Jeng, ―Compact RCS formula for a dihedral corner reflector at arbitrary aspect angles,‖ IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 1112–1113, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
[4] K. Hayashi, R. Sato, Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada, ―Polarimetric scattering analysis for a finite dihedral corner reflector,‖ IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol. E89-B, no. 1, pp. 191–195, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Microcontroller based kit design for Octal to Hexadecimal system Conversion without returning to another system
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Noaman Abd Elnour Abd Elrahim || Abdelrasoul jabar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	52-57
	::	10.9790/3021-04124052057
	::	0.4/3021-04124052057
		3021-0412-0457

The ordinary method of conversion from the octal numbering system to the hexadecimal numbering system goes through two steps . The first step is to convert from octal to binary and the second step is to convert from the binary to hexadecimal. The same procedure of conversion can be conducted by going through the decimal system .This paper deals with a direct method of conversion from octal into hexadecimal without returning to another system. Although it is little complicated, but it is useful to find such procedure of conversion and then prove it mathematically. Building such a direct conversion algorithm is useful in the computing work. The system design and the algorithm can be used as a model for teaching the undergraduate students in the field of computer and electronics.

Keywords: Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal, Numbering systems, Computer, Algorithm.

[1] Sanchez, Julio; Canton, Maria P. (2007). Microcontroller programming: the microchip PIC. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 37. ISBN 0-8493-7189-9.
[2] 2-Knuth, D. E. (1997), "Volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms", The Art of Computer Programming (3rd ed.), Addison-Wesley, p. 192, ISBN 0-201-89684-2 .
[3] Arndt, Jörg (March 5, 2009). Algorithms for Programmers: Ideas and source code (draft).
[4] Morris Mano , Digital design, McGraww Hill Publishing company, 2001.
[5] Thomas L. Floyd, Digital fundamentals, Merill Publishing company, 2002
[6] -Mazidi Muhammed Ali, The 8051 microcontroller and Embedded system, Prentic Hall, 2007.
[7] -Sedra and Smith, Microelectronic circuits, Fourth edition, Oxford university Press, 2006
[8] R. S. Sedha, A text Book of Applied Electronics, Chad and company Ltd, New Delhi, 2002

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Semi Hourly Wind Speed Pattern and Battery Backup Sizing for Micro-Scale Hybrid Solar and Wind Systems in Armidale NSW, Australia
Country	::	Australia
Authors	::	Yasser Maklad
Page No.	::	58-63
	::	10.9790/3021-041245863
	::	0.4/3021-041245863
		3021-0412-0463

Wind and solar energy sources has intermittent nature, there behaviour of fluctuant speed and direction for wind and solar irradiance and sunshine hours for solar vary for the same region from season to season or month to month, rather from a second to the following second. Such intermittency and unpredictability presents a rationale behind the need of battery backups for micro-scale hybrid solar and wind systems, in order to cope with such variance against the electrical load demand needs to be fulfilled.
This article utilised semi hourly wind speed observations recorded at Armidale city in New South Wales in Australia, those observations covered the period of (1993-1913) and was measured at Armidale Airport Automatic Weather Station. Utilising the Test Reference Year (TRY) calculation methodology, a data base of semi hourly wind speed values for a typical day for a typical year has been developed. Average semi hourly wind speed observations on annual basis along with TRY daily solar irradiance developed in another earlier article are studied together approaching typical houses load in Armidale in all seasons are discussed. Thus conclusions provided recommendations for battery backup sizing for micro-Scale hybrid solar and wind systems.

 

Keywords: - Armidale NSW, test meteorological year, test reference year, wind speed, micro-scale energy generation, micro-wind turbines, battery backup sizing.

[1] A. Argiriou, S. Lykoudis, S. Kontoyiannidis, C.A. Balaras, D. Asimakopoulos, M. Petrakis, and P.Kassomenos. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 20 years data for Athens, Greece. Solar Energy 66(1), 1999, 33–45.
[2] W. Marion and K. Urban. User's Manual for TMY2s. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado, USA, 1995.
[3] H. Bulut. Generation of typical solar radiation data for Istanbul, Turkey. International Journal of Energy Research 27(9), 2003, 847–855.
[4] H. Bulut. Typical Solar Radiation Year for South-eastern Anatolia. Renewable Energy 29(9), 2004, 1477–1488.
[5] R.L. Fagbenle. Generation of a test reference year for Ibadan, Nigeria. Energy Conversion and Management 30(1), 1995, 61–63.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Automatic Fire Fighting System
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Mosab hamdan Adam ||, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	64-68
	::	10.9790/3021-041246468
	::	0.4/3021-041246468
		3021-0412-0468

Automatic fire-fighting systems are installed in buildings and rooms where the fire hazard is comparatively high. This paper deals with the design and implementation of a firefighting system based on a Microcontroller. The system implements an early fire detection mechanism, and communicates with its owners wirelessly over GSM networks. It should also be capable of putting out fire by means of a firefighting pump, and to justify the status of the indicator panel that provides visual feedback of the current status of the monitored environment at any given time . According to the methodology, the Wireless Firefighting System uses temperature sensors to monitor its surrounding environment and alert the system owner in case it detects smoke, fire or that the temperature has gone outside the normal parameters. The sensor signals are fed to, and processed by (ATmega32) microcontroller program by BASCOM language which polls the sensors to monitor environment and shows its status on LED status indicator panel. The ATmega32 also connects to SIM900 GSM/GPRS module which enables the system to communicate their owners over long distances and notify them the status of their protected environment. The system has a firefighting pump on standby to operate in case fire has been detected through flaming sensors.

 

KEYWORDS : fire-fighting system , Bascom , GSM system , LED ,ATmega 32 .

[1] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/FireFighting+System,+Automatic, [2]https://www.eagle.org/eagleExternalPortalWEB/ShowProperty/BEA%20Repository/Rules&Guides/Current/141_FireFightingSystems/Pub141_FireFighting, [3]http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/smoke_detector,accessed 05/04/2014.
[4] Steven Steven Frank Barrett, Daniel J. Pack, "Atmel AVR Microcontroller Primer: Programming and Interfacing", Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2008
[5] http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/smoke_relay.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Defect Detection and Identification in Textile Fabric by SVM Method
Country	::	Morocco
Authors	::	Halimi Abdellah ||, Roukhe Ahmed ||, Ouhmad Slimane
Page No.	::	69-77
	::	10.9790/3021-041246977
	::	0.4/3021-041246977
		3021-0412-0477

In this paper we use a support vector machine (SVM) for defects identification in textile. This new approach serves in the fast detection and extraction of fabric defects from the images of textile fabric based on geometrical analysis of the textile pattern images. Actually, most defects arising in the production process of textile material are still detected by human inspection [1] and the work of inspectors is very tedious and time consuming. They have to detect small details that can be located; the identification rate is about 70%. In addition, the effectiveness of visual inspection decreases quickly with fatigue. For these reasons, an algorithm has been proposed for the defect identification and classification. So, the images analyzed came from an artificial vision system that we used to acquire and memorize those images under jpeg format. The vision system is composed of a camera with a sensor 512X512 Pixels. The classifier SVM was manipulated to classify all defects in the defected fabric. KEYWORDS: textile defect's identification; features extraction; vision system; SVM

[1] Ms.Shubhada.K.Nagrale, Mr.S.T.Bagde, Application of Image Processing For Development of Automated Inspection System, International Journal Of Computational Engineering Reserch (ijceronline.com) Vol. 3Issue.3. March 2013.
[2] Beant, K., Gurdep, M., Palk, G., Jasleen, K., 2011,Mathematical Morphological Edge Detection for Different Applications: A Comparative Study, International Journal of Computer Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 2.
[3] F.S. Cohen, Z. Fau, S. Attali, Automated inspection of textile fabrics using textured models, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal.Mach. Intell. 13 (1991) 803–808.
[4] J.G. Campbell, C. Fraley, F. Murtagh, A.E. Raftery, Linear flaw detection in woven textiles using model-based clustering, Pattern Recognition Letters. 18 (1997) 1539–1548.
[5] F. Ade, Application of principal component analysis to the inspection of industrial goods, Proc. SPIE 397 (1983) 216–223.