Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Unit Commitment Solution Using Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO)
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Divya Ananthan ||, Prof.S.Nishanthinivalli
Page No.	::	01-09
	::	10.9790/3021-04310109
	::	0.4/3021-04310109
		3021-0403-0109

Existing unit commitment methods have the problem of stopping at local optimum and slow convergence. So it is replaced by a new method known as Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) which is a biological method based on particle swarming. It consists of a group of particles moving towards optimal solution. Feasible solutions are obtained as particles move in feasible solution space rather than infeasible ones. Thus the method reduces computational time. In this paper PSO is applied to IEEE 30 bus test system with six generators so that fuel cost of each generator is reduced using PSO.

 

 

Keywords: - 𝐶𝑝𝐶𝑔, GA,𝐺𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑡, K, 𝑃𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑡,PSO,UC,𝑣𝑖,W,𝑥𝑖 Ui

[1] Alam M.S, El-Sharkh M.Y,Rahman A and, Sisworahardjo.N. S ―An Improved Ant Colony Search Algorithm for Unit Commitment Application‖ IEEE transactions on Power Systems Vol6,No.2 February 2006.
[2] Alice E Smith and Jorge Valenzuela ―A seeded Memetic algorithm for large unit commitment problem‖Journal of Heuristics October 2000.
[3] Alva J. Svoboda (Member, IEEE ),Chao-an Li,Chung-Li Tseng , Eric Hsu and Raymond B. Johnson ―A robust unit commitment algorithm for hydro-thermal optimization‖ IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 3, August 1998.
[4] Amit Jain,Lingamurthy Belede, and Ravikanth Reddy Gaddam ―Unit Commitment with Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing‖ Power Systems Research Center IIIT Hyderabad, India, 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC 2009).
[5] Angelina Jane Reyes-Medina, Gregorio Toscano-Pulido, Jos´e Gabriel and Ram´ırez-Torres ―A Statistical Study of the Effects of Neighborhood Topologies in Particle Swarm Optimization‖ Computational Intelligence,Springer 2011.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Object Detection In Image Processing Using Edge Detection Techniques
Country	::	India
Authors	::	A.Ushma ||, M.phil Scholar ||, Prof. Dr. A.R. Mohamed Shanavas
Page No.	::	10-13
	::	10.9790/3021-04311013
	::	0.4/3021-04311013
		3021-0403-0113

Object detection is the task of finding and identifying objects in an image. Humans recognize a multitude of objects in images with little effort, despite the fact that the image of the objects may vary somewhat in different viewpoints and sizes. This paper presents a survey on methods that use digital image processing techniques to detect the object from digital images. Basically to detect an object here we use two major steps: image enhancement and edge detection. To detect a object from digital images is major task in image processing. It is a hot issue all over the world to detect and classify the shape based on image processing technology.

 

Keywords: - Shape detection, image enhancement, edge detection.

[1] G.Ajay, M.Suneel, K.Kiran Kumar, P.Siva Prasad, Quality Evaluation of Rice Grains Using Morphological Methods, IJSCE, V-2, 2013.
[2] Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo, Digital image processing techniques for detecting, quantifying and classifying plant diseases. Journal on Springerplus V-2:660; 2013.
[3] R. Hussin, Digital Image Processing Techniques for Object Detection From Complex Background Image. Journal on Science Direct 2012.
[4] John Schmeelk, Edge Detectors on image processing 2011.
[5] Ali Javed, Khuram Ashfaq Qazi, Efficient Algorithm for Railway Track Detection, I.J Image, Graphics and Signal processing, 2012.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	An Approach of Orientation Detection for balancing object on Robotic Vehicle for Non-Plane Surface
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Ms. Swati D. Uge ||, Ms. V. N. Katkar
Page No.	::	14-18
	::	10.9790/3021-04311418
	::	0.4/3021-04311418
		3021-0403-0118

In recent time development of multimodal robot or autonomous robots are designed for multiple requirements and multiple platforms. Many space research centers are working on robot which can control its position and also adjust their shape on demand.Falling robot is one of the biggest challenges in robot design for non-plane surface. Researchers' also developing different sensors for detecting object position in maximum possible coordinate with different degree of angle.Theproposed system is to make the robotic vehicle operated through computer system in different direction with inbuilt capability of self-balancing on non-plane surface.In this paper we demonstrate the tilt angle of the object. Basic technology used in proposed system is gyro-meter to identify tilt angle of object in order to give support from opposite side to neutralize the tilt angle and also neutralized effect of tilt by maintaining center of gravity.

 

Keywords: - Autonomous robot, Center of gravity, Gyro-meter, tilt angleetc.

[1] S. Hoshino, H. Seki, Y. Naka and J. Ota," Fault-tolerant multi-robot operational strategy for material transport systems considering maintenance activity", Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, vol.22, no.4, pp.485-495, 2010.
[2] Muhammad AizzatZakaria,HairiZamzuri, RosbiMamat and SaifulAmriMazlan"A Path Tracking Algorithm Using Future Prediction Control with Spike Detectionfor an Autonomous Vehicle Robot" International Journal of Advanced RoboticSystems int.j.adv.robot.syst,2013,vol.10,309:2013
[3] Chun-Hsu Ko,Kuu-YpungYoung,Yi_CheHuang,and Sunil Kumar Agrawal " Active and Passive Control of Walk –Assist Robot for Outdoor Guidance" IEEE/ASME Transaction on Mechatronics ,VOL.18 N0.3, June 2013

[4] Mohammad HamiruceMarhaban"Mobile Robot Safe Navigation in Unknown Environment"2012 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, 23 - 25 Nov. 2012
[5] Michel Lauria,FrançoisMichaud,Marc-Antoine Legault, Dominic Létourneau, Philippe Rétornaz, Isabelle Nadeau, Pierre Lepage, Yan Morin, FrédéricGagnon, Patrick Giguère, JulienFrémy, Lionel Clavien"Elastic Locomotion of a Four Steered Mobile Robot"IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems2008

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance Evaluation of Matrix Multiplication Using Mix Mode Optimization Techniques And Open MP For Multi-Core Processors
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Yogesh Singh Rathore ||, Dharminder Kumar
Page No.	::	19-22
	::	10.9790/3021-04311922
	::	0.4/3021-04311922
		3021-0403-0122

Matrix Multiplication is one of the most commonly used algorithm in many application areas like Sonar Systems, Relational Database Management System and other applications like algebra etc. Matrix Multiplication is quite difficult when it tends to infinity. In this paper we study and evaluate the execution time of simple matrix multiplication and optimized matrix multiplication with OpenMP on multi-core machine with same set of data values. Optimization techniques reduces space requirement and ensures fast execution. OpenMP is a very well known standard that exploits parallelism in shared memory architecture. The evaluation is based on simple execution of the algorithm that uses single thread for computation whereas the one with optimization techniques and OpenMP with multi-threads.

 

Keywords: - Matrix Multiplication, Optimization techniques, Open MP, Multi-Threads.

[1] COMPUNITY. The community of OpenMP users, researchers, tool developers and provider website. http://www.compunity.org/, 2006.
[2] L. Hammond, B. A. Nayfeh, and K. Olukotun,"A single-chip multiprocessor," Computer, Vol.30, no.9, pp. 79-85, 1997.
[3] A. Jerraya, H. Tenhunen, and W. Wolf,"Guest editors' introduction: Multiprocessor systems-on-chip," Computer, vol38, no. 7. pp. 36-40, July 2005.
[4] E. Ayguade. N. Copty. A. Duran, J. Hoeflinger, Y. Lin, and G. Zhang. A proposal for task parallelism in OpenMP. In proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on OpenMP, June 2006.
[5] H. Zhong, S. A. Lieberman, and S. A. Mahlke, " Extending multicore Architecture to exploit hybrid parallelism in single thread applications," hpca, vol. o, pp. 25-36, 2007.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Mathematical Model for Finding Relation Between Asthma And The HPA Axis By Using MDE
Country	::	India
Authors	::	S. Lakshmi ||, and M. Senbagavalli
Page No.	::	23-27
	::	10.9790/3021-04312327
	::	0.4/3021-04312327
		3021-0403-0127

The objectives of this paper are to review the relation between Asthma and the HPA axis suppression and its clinical significance in adults and children and to describe methods for diagnosing HPA axis suppression and to explain the implication on selection of treatment for asthma and allergic diseases. Prolonged periods of stress can cause cortisol levels remain elevated, so that some aspects of immune system function continue to be suppressed. This makes the person more susceptible to infections and illness. At the same time, other aspects of the immune system may become unbalanced, which can increase the risk of developing an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks the body's own cells. Cortisol's connections to other body systems mean that it can influence allergies. Since hormones play such an important role in regulating the incidence and severity of allergies, it's not surprising that they also play a role in allergy treatment. Synthetic hormones are used to treat many types of allergies. The Mathematical result for the above applications include the identification of classes of distributions based on mean residual life inequality constraints, where the well known model are Maximum dynamic entropy and its development of classes of distributions whose mean residual life functions are bounded.

[1] Akerman MJ , Calacanis CM , Madsen MK . Relationship between asthma severity and obesity . J Asthma . 2004 ; 41 ( 5 ): 421 – 526.
[2] Asadi, M., Ebrahimi, N., Hamedani, G. G. And Soofi, E. S. (2004). Maximum dynamic entropy models. J. Appl. Prob, 41, 379- 390.
[3] Belzunce, F., Navarro, J., and Del Aguila, Y. (2004). Some results on residual entropy functions. Metrika 59, 147- 161.
[4] Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bonini S, Canonica GW, Casale TB, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126:466-76.

[5] Collins LC , Hoberty PD , Walker JF , Fletcher EC , Peiris AN. The effect of body fat distribution on pulmonary function tests . Chest . 1995 ; 107 ( 5 ): 1298 - 1302 .

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Theoretical Analysis of Wave Function under the Influence of Harmonic Oscillator Potential in BEC Experiments
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Noori.H.N. Al-Hashimi ||, Waleed H Abid ||, Khalid M. Jiad
Page No.	::	28-32
	::	10.9790/3021-04312832
	::	0.4/3021-04312832
		3021-0403-0132

This paper will focus on theoretical study of BEC in one dimension with weakly attractive interactions in particular in a symmetric harmonic oscillator potential. In this case, the ground state may not be symmetric state, which is in contrast to a BEC with repulsive interaction. The behaviors of the wave function under the influences of different external trapping potentials usually used in experiments that lead to produced Bose-Einstein condensation in ultra cold gases is analysis. Several values of harmonic trapping potentials are used. These analyses give us the overall view of the region of confinement that the external trapping potentials have employed and the influence of some terms in Gross–Pitaevskii equation.

 

Keywords: - Laser cooled atom, BEC atom, Trapping, Quantum Oscillator

[1] Y.J. Wang, D.Z. Anderson, V.M. Bright, E.A. Cornell, Q. Diot, T. Kishimoto, M. Prentiss, R.A. Saravanan, S.R. Segal, S. Wu; " Atom Michelson Interferometer on a Chip Using a Bose-Einstein Condensate" Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 090405
[2] A. L. Fetter and J. D. Walecka;" Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems" ;(1971) McGraw-Hill.
[3] A. Einstein;"Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen gases. Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften"; (1924); 22, 261.
[4] A. Einstein;"Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen gases, zweite abhandlung. Sitzungs- berichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften"; (1925); 1, 3.
[5] S. N. Bose.;" Plancks gesetz und lichtquantenhypothese. Zeitschrift fr Physik"; (1924) 3, 178.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Method of Unipolar Digital to Digital Encoding Data Transmission
Country	::	Saudi Arabia
Authors	::	Nuha Abdelmageed Tawfig Khalil ||, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	33-38
	::	10.9790/3021-04313338
	::	0.4/3021-04313338
		3021-0403-0138

Line encoding is the method used to represent the digital information on the media. A pattern, that uses either voltage or current, is used to represent the 1s and 0s of the digital signal on the transmission link. Common types of line encoding methods used in data communications are: Unipolar line encoding, Polar line encoding, Bipolar line encoding and Manchester line encoding. This paper proposed the method of unipolar digital to digital encoding data transmission using latch SN 74373, amplifier ULN 2003-500 m A, solid state relay, computer and Turbo C++ program language (TC++).

 

Keywords: - Unipolar, Encoding, Digital to Digital, Latch SN 74373, Amplifier ULN 2003-500 m A, Solid State Relay.

[1] http://nptel.iitk.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Kharagpur/ Computer%20networks/pdf/M2L4.pdf
[2] ftp://mail.im.tku.edu.tw/Prof_Liang/DataComunication%26ComputerNetwork/5th%20Edi/Instructor's%20Manual_PDF/9781423903031_IM_PDF/9781423903031_IM_ch02.pdf.
[3] http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_digital_signal_encoding#slide=2
[4] http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/communication-networks/encoding-techniques-and-codec
[5] http://books.google.com.sa/books?id=7LBkot3T7H0C&pg=SA1-PA35&lpg=SA1-PA35&dq=types+of+polar+encoding&source=bl&ots=QF6OUTcnnz&sig=wmjADVymItXVJQHY0hTwAyuH-QY&hl=ar&sa=X&ei=sorFUqiXDIWmhAfQsIHwAg&ved=0CHIQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=types%20of%20polar%20encoding&f=false

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	To Study The Behavior Of Interlocking Of Masonry Units/Blocks
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sajad Ahmad ||, Sadam Hussain ||, Mohd Awais ||, Mohd Asif ||, Hakim Muzamil ||, Rafiq Ahmad ||, Shakeel Ahmad
Page No.	::	39-47
	::	10.9790/3021-04313947
	::	0.4/3021-04313947
		3021-0403-0147

The word ―masonry‖ is a general term that applies to construction using hand-placed units of clay, concrete structural clay tile, glass block, natural stones and the like. The term masonry also refer to the units themselves. The common materials of masonry units are brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, and tile. Masonry unit are bound generally with a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can significantly affect the durability of the overall masonry construction. .Mainly the weakest part of a masonry wall is the mortar joint, as the substitution of lime for aggregate reduces the overall strength of the joint. The need to butter and precisely fit each block necessitates the use of skilled, and typically highly paid, masons. Also, the mortar used to butter the units often hardens on the inside of openings within the blocks, preventing or hindering the insertion of insulation and/or reinforcements within the openings. One solution to the lack of strength of mortar joints has been to dry stack the masonry units. However, dry stacking of walls is not without drawbacks. First, like the staking of mortar walls, care must be taken to ensure that the units are properly aligned with one another. This can be a painstaking process that greatly increases the time required to build such a wall. Second, the lack of motor in the joints between units allows air to easily pass through the joints and requires that a skin or other air barrier be used in connection with the walls. Third, the lack of mortar to hold the units in horizontal alignment make the use of many additional reinforcements, such as steel rebar, stabilizers, or the like, absolutely necessary in these types of walls. Therefore, there is a need for a masonry unit and masonry system that allow structures to be dry stacked without mortar, that allows masonry units to be quickly and accurately aligned during stacking, that does not require the use of separate stabilizers or other means for preventing deflection of the structure formed thereby, that produces substantially straight and stable walls, that retards the flow of air from one face of the wall to the other, that may be manufactured of a mixture of concrete and lightweight aggregate, and that will readily accept plaster or mesh substrates upon its outside surfaces without the need for sanding or special treatment. One such unit is the Interlocking Masonry Unit/Block'. This work examines the Compressive Strength Property of ‗Interlocking Masonry Units/Blocks' and compares it with strength behavior of other masonry units. The increase in strength w.r.t. the concrete masonry hollow is by 20% and w.r.t. the brick is by 40%. Besides, the increase in compressive strength is also witnessed when compared with the interlocking features. Interlocking mortar increases strength by 30% w.r.t. the prism without interlocking mortar. Further cost saving is achieved because the simplicity with which the blocks can be laid and aligned reduces the number of high wage skilled masons required on a construction project. When compared to convention masonry block construction, interlocking blocks, which are dry assembled, save a great deal of mortar Because of the ease and economy with which interlocking block walls can be built, load bearing walls can be used where infill walls would normally be placed, thereby providing both additional strength and load bearing ability to accept future additions to the building. Interlocking block construction techniques can be used for everything from single to multi-story construction.

 

Keywords: - Compressive Strength, Crushing Value, Interlocking Masonry Units/Blocks, Stress-Strain Relation

[1] Design of masonry structures-Part 1-1: Common rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures‖, EN 1996, 131p.
[2] http://www.testmark.net/showitem-487.html.
[3] Types of Stone Construction Masonry | eHow http://www.ehow.com/info.
[4] Status Report, U.S. Coordinated Program for Masonry Building Research," Technical Coordinating Committee for Masonry Research, Nov. 1988.
[5] H.G. Harris. K. Oh, and A. A. Hamid Development of New interlocking and Mortar less Block Masonry Units for Efficient Building Systems.‖ Volume 2, pp. 72 3-734.Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Masonry Symposium, Saskatoon. Saskatchewan, Canada, 1992.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of Accelerating Admixture on Properties of Concrete
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr. J.A. Naqash ||, Zahid Bashir Bhat ||, Mohammad Iqbal Malik ||, Subzar Ahmad ||, Dharvinder Kumar
Page No.	::	48-55
	::	10.9790/3021-04314855
	::	0.4/3021-04314855
		3021-0403-0155

The problems of cold weather concreting arise from the action of frost on fresh concrete. If the wet concrete is allowed to freeze, the mixing water converts to ice and there is an increase in overall volume of concrete. Since there is now no water available for chemical reactions, setting and hardening of concrete are delayed. In this paper, the issue of delayed setting and hardening of concrete are addressed by the use of accelerating admixture(Sodium Nitrite) in concrete. Sodium Nitrite as accelerating admixture was added in five samples having Sodium Nitrite dosage of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% by weight of cement. The concrete specimens were tested for 3 day, 7 day and 28 day compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete. The optimum percentage of accelerator that could be used without harming the properties of concrete was also assessed. The results concluded permissibility of using accelerating admixture(Sodium Nitrite) up to 2.5% by weight of cement and also the optimum percentage of accelerating admixture was found to be 2.5% with value of compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength being maximum at the age of 3 days and 7days.

 

Keywords :- Admixture, Sodium nitrite, Compressive strength, Splitting tensile strength, flexural strength.

[1] Baradan B. (1998). Construction Materials –II (5th.ED). Dokuz Eylul University, Technical faculty publication section, Izmir Turkey.
[2] Effect of a Retarding Admixture on the Setting Time of Cement Pastes in Hot Weather.
[3] Jiang S. P., Mutin J. C. & Nonat A. (1995). Studies on mechanism and physico-chemical parameters at the origin of cement setting, Cement & Concrete Research, Vol. 25,No.4, pp. 779 – 789.
[4] Chen Y. & Older I. (1992). On the origin of Portland cement setting. Cement & Concrete Research, Vol. 22,No.6, pp. 1130 – 1140.
[5] Annual book of ASTM Standards (1979), part 13, ASTM C 191 – 77: Standard test method for time of setting of hydraulic cement. ASTM Race St. Philadelphia, pa. 19103.