Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	A Survey of Facial Expression Recognition Methods
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Shail Kumari Shah
Page No.	::	01-05
	::	10.9790/3021-04430105
	::	0.4/3021-04430105
		3021-0404-0305

Facial expression recognition (anger, sad, happy, disgust, surprise, fear expressions) is application of advanced object detection, pattern recognition and classification task. Facial expression is one of the most powerful and natural means for human beings to show their emotions. It has found its applications in human-computer interaction (HCI), robotics, border security systems, forensics, machine vision, video conferencing, user profiling for customer satisfaction, physiological research etc. Although humans can detect facial expressions with less effort and delay but it is still a challenge for the machine to fast and effectively detect facial expressions. Therefore algorithms should be developed to thought machines to understand facial gestures. This paper focuses on a review of different techniques for facial expression recognition.

 

Keywords: - Gabor filter, Log-Gabor filter, Local Binary Pattern, PCA, LDA, SVM, K-NN

[1] P. Ekman and W.V. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologist Press, 1978.
[2] P. Ekman, Emotion in the Human Face, Cambridge University Press, 1982.
[3] G. Donato, M.S. Bartlett, J.C. Hager, P.Ekman, T.J.Sejnowski, "Classifying Facial Action", IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 21, No.10, pp.974-989,1999.
[4] R. O. Duda, P. E. Hart, D. G. Stork, "Pattern Classification." Wiley, New York (2001).
[5] A. M. Martinez, A. C. Kak, "PCA versus LDA", IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 23, 2001, pp.228-233.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Sensitivity Based Capacitor Placement Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Maximum Annual Savings
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dinakara Prasad Reddy P ||, K.Gunaprasad
Page No.	::	06-09
	::	10.9790/3021-04430609
	::	0.4/3021-04430609
		3021-0404-0309

This paper presents a two stage approach that determines the optimal location and size of capacitors on radial distribution systems to improve voltage profile and to reduce the active power loss. In first stage, the capacitor locations can be found by using loss sensitivity method. Cuckoo search algorithm is used for finding the optimal capacitor sizes in radial distribution systems. The sizes of the capacitors corresponding to maximum annual savings are determined by considering the cost of the capacitors. The proposed method is tested on 15- bus, 34-bus and 69-bus test systems and the results are presented.

 

Keywords: - capacitor placement, loss sensitivity method, cuckoo search algorithm, radial distribution system

[1] H. N. Ng, M. M. A. Salama, and A.Y. Chikhani "Classification of capacitor allocation techniques" IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol.15, pp387-392, Jan.2000.
[2] Duran H., "Optimum number, location and size of shunt capacitors in radial distribution feeders: A dynamic programming approach", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. - 87, no. 9, pp. 1769-1774, September 1968.
[3] Grainger J.J and S.H. Lee, "Optimum size and location of shunt capacitors for reduction losses on distribution feeders" IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS- 100, no. 3, pp. 1105-1118, March 1981.
[4] Baran M.E. and Wu F.F., "Optimal capacitor placement on radial distribution systems",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.4,no-1, pp. 725-734, January 1989.
[5] Baran M.E. and Wu F.F., "Optimal sizing of capacitors placed on a radial distribution system", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.4, no-1, pp. 735-743, January 1989.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Typologie morpho-sédimentaire des dépôts actuels de la vallée du Moyen Beht (Sillon sud rifain occidental, Maroc)
Country	::	Morocco
Authors	::	Ahmed LAABIDI ||, Lahcen GOURARI ||, Abdellah EL HMAIDI
Page No.	::	10-24
	::	10.9790/3021-04431024
	::	0.4/3021-04431024
		3021-0404-0324

This work focuses on the study of current sedimentation Valley Middle Beht across south western Rif Furrow between the output of central Morocco and El Kansera dam. Several morpho-sedimentary environments were distinguished based on morphology and sediment dynamics. The morpho-sedimentary type of these units, their spatial distribution and development are closely linked to the morpho-structural conditions along the valley that determine the type of river styles. Three sections of valleys were identified: two sections with wide valleys, formed in depressed areas and types of synclinorium composed of soft soil clay and marl of Miocene and Triassic age that separates a stretch of narrow and sharply incised valley in a dome anticlinorium formed of hard surfaces and Jurassic carbonate. In sections where the valley is wide, meandering river styles, with free meandering plain. The deposits are divided into two main types: deposits in sandy and stony texture deposits texture clay to silty clay and more or less rich in organic matter. The first fall in fund assets channels, mainly bars and meandering alluvial fans. The latter occupy floodplains, meanders and abandoned channels.

[1] J. Burger, R. Dardel, E. Dutrieux, J. Jacquemont & R. Naif, Carte géologique régulière du Maroc au 1:100.000eme: Meknès nord, Feuille levée et édifiée par la Société Chérifiènne des Pétroles, Notes et mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc, 111, 1951.
[2] Cirac P., Le bassin sud-rifain occidental au Néogène supérieur. Évolution de la dynamique sédimentaire et de la paléogéographie au cours d'une phase de comblement. Thèse de Doctorat d'État, Université Bordeaux 1, n° 837 et Mémoire de l'Institut de Géologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, 21, 1987, 271p.
[3] Bavard, J.P. & Petit, F., Les cours d'eau, dynamique du système fluvial, (Armand Colin ed., Paris, 1997), 221p.
[4] Taous, A., Géomorphodynamique fluviale. Processus morphosédimentaires, ajustements spatio-temporels, paléoenvironnements et mutations récentes des eaux fluviaux, Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines Sais-Fès, Série « Thèses et Monographie », 11, 2005.
[5] Bull, W.B., Relations of alluvial-fan size and slope to drainage-basin size and lithology in western Frenso Country, California, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 450-B, 1962, 51-53.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Laser Distance Measurement by using web camera
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Ahmed A.Hamad ||, , Dhafir A. Dhahir ||, Bushra.R.Mhdi ||, Wadah H.Salim
Page No.	::	25-28
	::	10.9790/3021-04432528
	::	0.4/3021-04432528
		3021-0404-0328

In this work the near distance measurement system was presented .The system are consist from transmitter and receiver .The transmitter is used as semiconductor laser at wavelength 526 nm and the power 5 mw and the receiver are consist of optics part and web camera .The concept of operation is transmit a pulse of laser and then is received the reflected pulse from the object .The software program was written in C# language to calculate the object distance .The accuracy of the measurement distance is high. The error in the distance measurement reach to ±3cm.

 

Keywords: - distance measurement, laser distance measurement

[1] Isaac Cohen and Gerard Medioni. Detecting and tracking objects in video surveillance.In Proceeding of the IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 99,Fort Collins, June 1999.
[2] Brian Gerkey, Kasper Stoy, and Richard T. Vaughan.Player robot server. Institutefor Robotics and Intelligent Systems Technical Report IRIS-00-391, Universityof Southern California, 2000.
[3] Stephen S. Intille, James W. Davis, and Aaron F. Bobick. Real-time closed worldtracking. In Proceeding of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pages 928{934, June 1997.
[4] Andrew Ng. Em algorithm. CS229 Class Notes, 2008.

[5] Hai Nguyen. Ros wiki: Camera calibration, 2008.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Research Areas in Cloud Computing
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Madhuri Sharma ||, Parveen Kumar
Page No.	::	29-34
	::	10.9790/3021-04432934
	::	0.4/3021-04432934
		3021-0404-0334

Now days every organization is migrating towards cloud computing as cloud computing is considered being more flexible and scalable as compared to other technologies. The technology simply means to provide the computing resources and services through a network. Amazon EC2, yahoo emails, Gmail, Google connect are few of the examples of cloud computing. Since cloud technology is widely adapted issues with this technology must be focused very carefully. This paper overviews the major areas which must be explored in cloud computing.

 

Keywords: - Cloud Computing, Cloud Gaming, Data Centers, Data Migration, Green Cloud.

[1] Lizhe Wang, Gregor von Laszewski, Andrew Younge, Xi He, Marcel Kunze, Jie Tao, and Cheng Fu (2008) "Cloud Computing: a Perspective Study." New Generation Computing 28, no. 2 pp: 137-146.
[2] Wickremasinghe, Bhathiya, and Rajkumar Buyya. (2009) "CloudAnalyst: A CloudSim-based Tool for Modelling and Analysis of Large Scale Cloud Computing Environments." MEDC Project Report 22.6
[3] Sriram, Ilango, and Ali Khajeh-Hosseini (2010) "Research agenda in cloud technologies." arXiv preprint arXiv:1001.3259.
[4] Kapil Bakshi, (2011) "Considerations for cloud data centers: Framework, architecture and adoption." Aerospace Conference, IEEE. Version 2, pp 1-7
[5] Feng-Seng Chu, Kwang-Cheng Chen and Chen-Mou Cheng "Toward Green Cloud Computing" ACM, February, 2011

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Applied Research In Technique Of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (Jo-Imrt) In Dongnai Generai Hospital
Country	::	Vietnam
Authors	::	Dương Thanh Tài ||, Đinh Thanh Bình ||, Trương ThiẾt Dũng ||, NguyỄn Văn Minh ||, TrẦn PhẠm NgỌc Trinh ||, Le Ba Loc ||, Nguyen Van Hai
Page No.	::	35-38
	::	10.9790/3021-04433538
	::	0.4/3021-04433538
		3021-0404-0338

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a modern technique in cancer treatment that radiation dose is more closely shaped to fit the tumour and spared nearby critical normal tissues. This technique has been recognized and widely used in clinical applications by linear accelerators (LINAC) with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) systems in developed countries. However, almost LINAC without MLC have still been used most countries, but it could be applied this technique for LINACs with jaws that are not to need use of MLC. The aim of this study is to apply IMRT technique by Prowess Panther code for cancer patients in Dongnai General Hospital. This is particularly significant in both society and economy in difficult conditions of our country due to high cost of LINACs with MLCs. Besides, the climate has been hot and wet in Vietnam, so operation and maintenance for the LINAC with MLCs has been very difficult.

 

Keywords: - Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), Cancer, Linear electron accelerator (LINAC), Multi-leaf collimator (MLC).

Dongnai General Hospital1 Dalat Vocational Training College2 .

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is becoming the standard care for many tumor sites/types. IMRT is delivered with mostly multi-leaf collimator (MLC), and occasionally with compensators. Recently, investigators are also exploring the use of independent Jaws, an alternative to MLC and compensators, to deliver IMRT. It has been shown that the Jaw-only IMRT (JO-IMRT) is capable of generating conformal dose distributions comparable to those generated by MLC. Very recently, JO-IMRT is implemented in a commercial system (Panther, Prowess Inc.) using direct aperture optimization (DAO) algorithm, the optimizer in our approach directly produces apertures using conventional jaws with optimized weighting factors.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Mchf Algorithm for Multilevel Cloud Security
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Bijoy Boban ||, Ankur Sodhi
Page No.	::	39-53
	::	10.9790/3021-04433953
	::	0.4/3021-04433953
		3021-0404-0353

In this research work I introduce a new system named meiosis based ciphering and hash function generation (MCHF) algorithm for encryption, cryptographic hash function generation, pseudo random number generation, 3D login system and optimisation for various security levels of cloud computing using the concepts of meiosis rendered from molecular biology and willing to give light to a sector in computer science called Digital Cell Emulation Technique which can further be used for other purposes for better results than one which I included in this research work; here I render the concept of meiotic cell division process undergone during fertilization which is the real reason (chromosomal cross over) for dissimilarity of an individual (Genetically) to another. I consider the latest finding of chaotic movement of DNA during meiosis and the motion that takes place in the fluid is theoretically implemented using 3D Navier Stokes equation which is meant for calculating the movement of Newtonian fluids like DNA in 3D space, which I render to emulate the cross over during metaphase of meiosis. Initial encryption is carried out which imitates the cross over and then the hash code generation that imitates the nucleotide formation or DNA shrinking to form chromosomes. This algorithm ensures all the requirement standards for a good hash code algorithm with secure encryption using 1024 bit key and can be used for pseudo code generator as it maintain a good proportion between the no. of 0's and 1's in the binary output. Further the hash code will be implemented for 3D login system to 100% override brute force attack as the process of login will be 100% human interaction based. Then I will be demonstrating the optimisation pseudo code generation and will be comparing it with the existing algorithm to show the betterment in time, throughput and power with statistical result created dynamically during each execution.

 

Keywords: - Cloud security, Genetic algorithm, Meiosis based cryptography, Navier-stokes equation.

[1] Bijoy Boban, Meiosis Based Cryptographic Hash Function Generation with the Influence of 3D Navier Stokes Equation on Chromosomal Chaotic Movement in Nucleoplasm, international journal for advanced research in computer science, Vol-4, No. 8, May- June 2013.
[2] R. Siddharth and Rajeev Kumar, Formulation of an Encryption Algorithm on the Basis of Molecular Genetics and Image Patterns by M. Prashant, Department of Computer Science & Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani – 333 031, India.
[3] Aashish Priye, Radha Muddu, Yassin A. Hassan, and Victor M. Ugaz, Selecting 3D Chaotic flow states for Accelerated DNA replication in MICRO-SCALE convective PCR, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
[4] Thomas Y. Hou1, Zhen Lei2, On the Partial Regularity of a 3D Model of the Navier-Stokes Equations, 1. Applied and Compute. Math, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. 2. School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
[5] Ashish Gehani, Thomas LaBean, and John Reif, DNA-Based Cryptography, Department of Computer Science, Duke University.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The usage of the Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in Sudanese Sugar Company as Pozzolanic-Cement Binder
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Eltayeb A/Ellatif Ahmed Habib ||, Salih E. M. Ahmed
Page No.	::	54-60
	::	10.9790/3021-04435460
	::	0.4/3021-04435460
		3021-0404-0360

The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste produced by industrial processes has been the focus of waste reduction research for economical, environmental, and technical reasons. Sugar-cane bagasse is a fibrous waste-product of the sugar refining industry, along with ethanol vapor. This waste product (Sugare-cane Baggase Ash) is already causing serious environmental pollution, which calls for urgent ways of handling the waste. Bagasse ash mainly contains aluminum ion and silica. The objective of this study is to benefit from the fibrous waste- product of the Sugar refining industry i.e. Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA). It is very valuable Pozzolanic material if carbon free and amorphous ash could be obtained by further combustion (1). This SCBA waste can be mixed with either lime or OPC to produce material that has Pozzolanic properties. SCBA for this study was brought from Sudanese Sugar Company (Three samples were brought from Asalaia, Sinnar and Guneid Sugar Companies). The samples were grounded firstly and tested for the chemical contents and physical properties and after that mixed with partial replaced in the ratio of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of OPC to form concrete to detect the fresh and hardened properties of the mix. The results recorded were showed that the SCBA produced a reactive material relatively free from carbon and other organic matter. The better strength tests were reached with ideal mixes of 10% of SCBA with OPC, which gave 0.96% comparing to pure OPC mix. The recommendation is that SCBA can be mixed with OPC in the above proportions to be used in the manufacturing of blocks and mortars or plasters.

 

Keywords: - Bagasse Ash, Pozzolanic reactivity, cementitious material, blended cement, workability, compressive strength.

[1] Ajay Goyal, A.M. Anwar, Hattori kunio, OGATA Hidehiko. "Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and its potential as Cement – pozzolana Binder". Ain Shams University – Faculty of Engineering – Department of Structural Engineering. Dec. 2007
[2] Deepchand, K. Characteristics, "present use and potential of sugarcane tops and leaves, agricultural wastes", (1986)15, 139-148.
[3] FAO: "production of agricultural commodities", FAO statistical year book 2005- 06, food and Agri. Org. of U. Nation, Italy, 2(III), 20061-4.
[4] Paya. J., et. Al., "Sugarcane Bagasse ash (SCBA): studies on its properties for reusing in concrete production", Jounal of chemical technology and Biotechnology, (2002)77,321-325.
[5] ASTM C618-(2005), "standard specification for Fly Ash or Raw or Natural pozzolana for Use as a mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete", American Society for testing and materials.