Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Measurement Of Seam Puckering And Influence Of Its Causes
Country	::	Sri Lanka
Authors	::	Sandun Fernando ||, Tss Jayawardena
Page No.	::	01-07
	::	10.9790/3021-04460107
	::	0.4/3021-04460107
		3021-0404-0607

Seam quality is very important aspect of any form of textile assembly using sewing. The quality of the seam is governed by the seam puckering, which mainly depends on the technological parameters of the sewing machine and fabric specifications. Though this dependency is known in qualitative aspect, very little researches have been focused to investigate the quantitative aspect of seam puckering behavior of the seams. The Phong's shading algorithm based luminosity model was developed to estimate the dimensional parameters from the image of the seam captured and, an investigation has been carried out to analyze the dimensional characteristics of puckered fabric using image processing techniques and neural networks. This objective assessment attempt goes beyond the replacement of conventional subjective puckering evaluation methods of seams and move towards the development of empirical models for the causal effects quantitatively. That is the determination of correct needle thread tension setting which is the most influential machine parameter for seam puckering, for a minimum puckering.

 

Keywords: seam quality, puckering, image processing, technological parameters, dimensional parameters

[1] Ferreira, F. N., Harlock, S. C., Grosberg, P., A Study of Thread Tensions on a Lockstitch Sewing Machine (Part I), International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 6, Nº. 1, pp. 14-19, MCB University Press, U.K, 1994.
[2] Ferreira, F. N., Harlock, S. C., Grosberg, P., A Study of Thread Tensions on a Lockstitch Sewing Machine (Part II), International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 6, Nº. 1, pp. 14-19, MCB University Press, U.K, 1994.
[3] Horino, T., Miura, Y., Ando, Y., Sakamoto, K., Simultaneous measurements of needle thread tension and check spring motion of lockstitch sewing machine for industrial use, J. Text. Mach. Soc. Japan, vol. 2, pp. T30-37, 1982.
[4] K.L. MAK, WEI LI, Objective Evaluation of Seam Pucker on Textiles by Using Self-Organizing Map, IAENG International Journal of Computer Science, 35:1, IJCS_35_1_07.
[5] AATCC Test Methods 88B-1992, vol. 69, pp. 115.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Mathematical Model for finding the maximum value of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in Patients with Fibromyalgia by using Gaussian Process
Country	::	India
Authors	::	S.Lakshmi ||, and A. Manickam
Page No.	::	08-15
	::	10.9790/3021-04460815
	::	0.4/3021-04460815
		3021-0404-0615

An important problem in reliability engineering is to predict the failure rate, that is, the frequency with which an engineered system or component fails. This paper presents a new method of estimating failure rate using semiparametric model with Gaussian process smoothing. This method is able to provide accurate estimation based on historical data and it does not make strong a priori assumptions of failure rate pattern.(e.g., constant or monotonic).Our experiments of applying this method in power system failure data compared with other models show its efficacy and accuracy. This method can be used in estimating reliability for many other systems, such as software systems or components. Adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency is a well described syndrome with many features reminiscent of fibromyalgia. There is evidence that GH deficiency as defined in terms of a low insulin-like growth factor – I (IGF-1) level occurs in approximately 30% of patients with fibromyalgia and is probably the cause of some morbidity. It seems most likely that impaired GH secretion in fibromyalgia is related to a physiologic dysregulation of the hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis (HPA) with a resulting increase in hypothalamic somatostatin tone. It is postulated that impaired GH secretion is secondary to chronic physical and psychological stressors. It appears that impaired GH secretion is more common than significant GH deficiency with low IGF-1 levels. The severe GH deficiency that occurs in a subset of patients with fibromyalgia is of relevance because it is a treatable disorder with demonstrated benefits to patients. Finally we conclude our Mathematical results that the figure – A is well fitted in the Gaussian process and the maximum value of growth hormone deficiency at the time has been obtained. This will be helpful for the medical professional.

 

Keywords: Estimation theory, Gaussian processes, GH, IGF – 1. Mathematical subject classification: 60 Gxx, 62Hxx, 62Pxx.

[1] Andersen P.K, Borgan O, Gill R.D, Keiding .N, Statistical Models based on Counting Processes, Springer,1995.
[2] Amin S.M.," U.S. electrical grid gets less reliable",IEEE Spectrum ,Jan 2010
[3] Bennett RM: The contribution of muscle to the generation of fibromyalgia symptomatology.J Musculoskeletal Pain 1996, 4:35 – 59. vol.48,No:1,pp.80.
[4] Bennett RM,Clark SR,Walczyk J:A randomized double blind, placebo – controlled study of growth hormone in the treatment of fibromyalgia.Anj Med 1998,104:227 – 231.
[5] Christ ER, Carroll PV, Russell – Jones DL, Sonksen PH: The consequences of growth hormone deficiency in adulthood, and the effects of growth hormone replacement.Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1997, 127:1440-1449.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Segmentation of Dermoscopic Images
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Komal Lawand
Page No.	::	16-20
	::	10.9790/3021-04461620
	::	0.4/3021-04461620
		3021-0404-0620

This paper introduces a new approach for the segmentation of skin lesions in dermoscopic images based on wavelet network (WN). The WN presented here is a member of fixed-grid WNs that is formed with no need of training. R, G, and B values of a dermoscopy image are considered as the network inputs and the network structure formation. Then, the image is segmented and the skin lesions exact boundary is determined accordingly. The segmentation algorithm were applied to 30 dermoscopic images and evaluated with 11 different metrics, using the segmentation result obtained by a skilled pathologist as the ground truth. Experimental results show that this method acts more effectively in comparison with some modern techniques that have been successfully used in many medical imaging problems.

 

Keywords: - - Dermoscopy, image segmentation, melanoma diagnosis, wavelet network (WN).

[1] A. G. Isasi, B. G. Zapirain, and A. M. Zorrilla, "Melanomas non-invasive diagnosis application based on the ABCD rule and pattern recognition image processing algorithms," J. Comput. Biol. Med., vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 742–755, Sep. 2011.
[2] M. Silveria, J. C. Nascimento, J. S. Marques, A. R. S. MarcalT. Mendonca, S. Yamauchi, J. Maeda, and J. Rozeira, "Comparison of segmentation methods for melanoma diagnosis in dermoscopy images,"IEEE Trans. Signal Process. vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 35–45, Mar. 2009.
[3] K.-S. Cheng, J.-S. Lin, and C.-W. Mao, "Techniques and comparative analysis of neural network systems and fuzzy systems in medical image segmentation," Fuzzy Theor. Syst. Tech. Appl., vol. 3, pp. 973–1008, 1999.
[4] B. Erkol, R. H.Moss, R. J. Stanley,W. V. Stoecker, and E. Hva-tum, "Automatic lesion boundary detection in dermoscopy images using gradientvector flow snakes," Skin Res. Technol., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 17–26, Feb.2005.
[5] J. Maeda, A. Kawano, S. Saga, and Y. Suzuki, "Unsupervised perceptual segmentation of natural color images using fuzzy-based hierarchical algorithm," in Proc. 15th Scandinavian Conf. Image Analysis, 2007,pp. 642–671

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Low Frequency Filter Design using Operational Transconductance Amplifier
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr Rajeshwari S Mathad
Page No.	::	21-28
	::	10.9790/3021-04462128
	::	0.4/3021-04462128
		3021-0404-0628

Biomedical signal processing requires low power consumption and low frequency filters. Biomedical signals are usually of 10-mHz to 100-Hz and maximum of 500Hz frequency range. The equipments used in the design of biomedical applications require portability and circuit needs to be operated with low supply voltage. These requirements can be fulfilled by using active filters designed by Operational Transconductance Amplifier.

 

Keywords: Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) , OTA-C, Operational Transconductance Amplifier – Capacitor.

[1] Shuenn Yuh Lee, Chih-Jen Cheng,"Systematic Design and Modeling of a OTA-C Filter for Portable ECG Detection" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 3, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2009
[2] Moein Shayegannia ,Hasan Al-Nashash "Low Frequency Filter design Using Gyrator for
Biomedical Applications" American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE 00017488@aus.edu and hnashash@aus.edu
[3] Mrs. Ashu Soni, Mr. Sumit Kumar, Ms. Shivani Gupta "OTA Model Used in Active-Passive Filter for Lowering Power Consumption" http: / www.ijesrt.com(C)International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology
[4] G. Düzenli, Y. Kılıç, H. Kuntman and A. Ataman: "On the design of low-frequency filters using CMO OTAs operating in the subthreshold region" Microelectronics Journal, Vol.30, No. 1, pp.45-54, 1999.
[5] Abhay Pratap Singh, Sunil Kr. Pandey, Manish Kumar "Operational Transconductance Amplifier for Low Frequency Application " IJCTA | MAY-JUNE 2012

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Design, Development and Evaluation of a Small Scale Kitchen Waste Composting Machine
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	IjagbemiChristiana.O ||, Adepo S. Olusegun
Page No.	::	29-33
	::	10.9790/3021-04462933
	::	0.4/3021-04462933
		3021-0404-0633

The huge cost incurred in the packing and transportation of domestic waste in Nigeria accounts for not less than 60% of the total budget for waste management. The design of a cost effective composting machine for small-scale production of manure (compost) from kitchen wastes is achieved. Actual efficiency of 64.09% was recorded as compared to the theoretical efficiency of 80%.

 

Keywords: - Composting, Kitchen Wastes, Efficiency, Recycling

[1] Chelecha, O.P. (2003). Design fabrication of a multipurpose composting machine, Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd, New Delhi.
[2] Ellis, D. (2001) Land Application of Morality Compost to Improve Soil and Water Quality. In Green book 2002: Cropping Systems and Soil Fertility (pp. 30-32). St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Department of Agriculture.
[3] Glanville, T.D. (2001). Design a composter for your facility. Ames, Iowa: Department of Agricultural &Biosystem Engineering, Iowa State University.
[4] Keener, H.M., Elwell, D.L., &Monnin, M.J. (2000).Procedures and equations for sizing of structures and windrows for composting animal mortalities. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 16(6), 681-692
[5] Looper, M. (2002).Whole animal composting of dairy cattle. East Syracuse, New York: Dairy Business Communications.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Different techniques designs for clustering of data, specially categorical data: An Overview
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Kusha Bhatt ||, Pankaj Dalal
Page No.	::	34-37
	::	10.9790/3021-04463437
	::	0.4/3021-04463437
		3021-0404-0637

Mining of knowledge from a pool of data is known as data mining. One of the research potent field of research in area of data mining is clustering. The earlier work in clustering is mainly concentrated on quantitative and ordinal data or we can in general say numeric data which have an inherited order. But application of these algorithms on categorical data is not possible as these data items do not have any inherited order. Therefore it becomes necessary to have algorithms that can solve the problem of categorical data clustering. In this paper, an overview of various categorical data clustering techniques has been given.

 

Keywords: - Clustering, categorical data, K-means, K-modes

[1] Jain, A. K., & Dubes, R. C. (1988). Algorithms for clustering data. Prentice Hall.
[2] Anil K. Jain and Richard C. Dubes, "Algorithms for Clustering Data", Prentice-Hall, 1988.
[3] Matthias Jarke, Maurizio Lenzerini, Yannis Vassiliou, and Panos Vassiliadis, "Fundamentals of Data Warehouses", Springer, 1999.
[4] Zhang, T., Ramakrishnan, R. and Livny, M., "BIRCH: An efficient data clustering method for very large databases", International conference on Management of Data, Montreal, Canada, pp. 103 –144, June 1996.
[5] Ying Zhao and George Karypis, "Evaluation of Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms for DocumentDatasets" CIKM, 2002.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Influence of Stress Analyzed By The Emitted Fluorescence Changes
Country	::	Albania
Authors	::	Eriola (Zhuri) Hida ||, Veledin Çako ||, Fatbardha Babani ||, Theodhor Karaja
Page No.	::	38-43
	::	10.9790/3021-04463843
	::	0.4/3021-04463843
		3021-0404-0643

The chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence signatures of leaves have been widely applied as non-invasive techniques for the in vivo analysis of plant stress. The Chl fluorescence provides ample information on the photosynthetic apparatus as first discovered by Kautsky. Various ratios of the Chl fluorescence determined from the induction kinetics can be used as indicators of the stress effect to the photosynthetic apparatus. The high resolution multi-colour Chl fluorescence imaging techniques for whole leaves have been developed over the last years. These techniques offer the new possibility to study the distribution and patchiness of fluorescence signatures over the whole leaf area. The chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (Kautsky effect) of pre-darkened leaves (30 min) was measured using the FluorCam 700MF imaging system (Photon Systems Instrument). The images of the measured Chl fluorescence intensity were obtained on false colour, whereby blue is the lowest (zero) and red the highest fluorescence. The images of various Chl fluorescence ratios were obtained by pixel to pixel arithmetic operations performed by FluorCam software. Efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus of analyzed endemic plants grown in different environmental stress conditions was evaluated via chlorophyll fluorescence imaging during induction kinetics and the fluorescence ratios which describe the photosynthetic light processes and quantum conversion of light.

 

Keywords: - Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, spontaneous plant, induction kinetics, photosynthetic apparatus.

[1] Babani F. and Lichtenthaler H.K. (1996). Light-induced and age-dependent development of chloroplasts in etiolated barley leaves as visualized by determination of photosynthetic pigments, CO2 assimilation rates and different kinds of chlorophyll fluorescence ratios. J Plant Physiol 148: 555-566
[2] Buschmann C. and Lichtenthaler H.K. (1998). Principles and characteristics of multi-colour fluorescence imaging of plants. - J. Plant Physiol. 152: 297-314.
[3] Colls, J. (2002). Air Pollution. New York: Spon Press: 354.
[4] Govindjee (2004): Chlorophyll a fluorescence: A bit of basics and history. In: Papageorgiou G, Govindjee (eds.) Chlorophyll fluorescence: A signature of Photosynthesis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 1-42.
[5] Krause G.H. and Weis E. (1991). Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basics. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol. Biol 42: 313-349.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Evaluation of Electromagnetic Absorption in Human Head from Mobile Phones
Country	::	India
Authors	::	V.Bharat Kumar ||, V.Gopi ||, P.V.Y Jayasree
Page No.	::	44-49
	::	10.9790/3021-04464449
	::	0.4/3021-04464449
		3021-0404-0649

Due to the rapid growth in the use of wireless communication systems, there has been a recent increase in public concern regarding the exposure of humans to Radio Frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation. This is particularly evident in the case of mobile phone handsets. The scientists found some evidence of increase in glioma and acoustic neuroma brain cancer for mobile phone users. Mobile phone is operating at high frequencies to transmit and receive signals. With a distance of within 1cm from a user‟s head, mobile phones can radiate radio frequency (RF) signals. Radiation from cell phone is defined by its Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value. In India, SAR limit for cell phones is 1.6W/Kg. which is actually for 6 minutes per day use. In this paper, we calculated transmitted power from mobile phone with spectrum analyzer and also evaluated absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation from Mobile Phones by outer layers (skin and bone) of human head.

 

Keywords: - Dielectric properties of human tissues, Radiation from Mobile, SAR, Shielding Effectiveness, Radiation Absorption

[1] Web link is http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobilestats/a# subscribers.
[2] Web link http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/PressRealease/ Document/PR-TSD-Sep,%2013.pdf
[3] ICNIRP, "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)," Health Phys., Vol. 74, 494-522, 1998.
[4] "IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields 3 kHz to 300 GHz" IEEE Std. C95.1, 2005.
[5] Khalatbari, S., D. Sardari, A. A. Mirzaee, and H. A. Sadafi, "Calculating SAR in two models of the human head exposed to mobile phones radiations at 900 and 1800 MHz," PIERS Online, Vol. 2, No. 1, 104-109, 2006.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Evaluation of combustion characteristic of charcoal from different tropical wood species
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Ijagbemi Christiana. O ||, PhD , Adepo S. Olusegun ||, AdemolaKazeem S
Page No.	::	57-64
	::	10.9790/3021-04465764
	::	0.4/3021-04465764
		3021-0404-0664

The combustion characteristics of charcoal produced from wood offcuts of some selected tropical wood species (Iroko, Obeche, Oak, Afara, and Mahogany) were evaluated. The woods offcuts were collected from different saw-mills in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria and were converted into charcoal using a portable steel kiln. Physicalproperties such as density and proximate analysis i.e. percentage moisture content (PMC), percentage volatile matter (PVM), percentage ash content (PAC), percentage fixed carbon (PFC) and heating values (HV), of the produced charcoal were determined using the American Standard Testing Method (ASTM D1102-56). Analysis of wood and production of charcoal were carried out at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Jericho Ibadan, Oyo State while determination of densities and the proximate analysis tests on the charcoal samples were carried out at the Forestry and Wood Department Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

 

Keywords: - Characteristic, Charcoal, Percentage, Evaluation

[1] Himraj, D,Environmental management, Vol. 19 (3),1993, 283-288.
[2] Wilaipon, P. American Journal of Applied Science. Vol. 4(2007), 995-998.
[3] Ogunsanwo, O. Y, Effective Management of Wood Waste for Sustainable Wood Utilization in Nigeria,27th Annual Conference of Forestry Association of Nigeria Abuja, FCT 17-21, Sept., 2001, pp225-234.
[4] Bailey, R.T. and Blankenhorn, P.R, Wood science, 15(1), (1984), pp19-18

[5] Hines, D.A. and Eckman, K., Indigenous Multipurpose Trees of Tanzania: Uses and EconomicBenefits for People,FO: Misc/93/9 Working Paper, FAO, Rome, (1993)