Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Analysis of Clustering Algorithms In Wireless Sensor Network
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Navneet Kaur ||, Prof. Dinesh Kumar
Page No.	::	01-05
	::	10.9790/3021-04560105
	::	0.4/3021-04560105
		3021-0405-0605

Wireless sensor networks are infrastructure less. It monitors physical or environmental conditions. The network and users interact through base station.WSN consists of thousands of sensor nodes. Sensor nodes communicate among themselves through radio signals. Various routing protocols are used in WSN. Mainly LEACH, HEED, PEGASIS are discussed in this paper .HEED is hybrid energy efficient distributed protocol. It is a clustering protocol. It is used as a primary parameter. Network topology features are used in it. LEACH is low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy. It is the first network protocol that use protocol hierarchical routing. PEGASIS is power efficient gathering in sensor information system. The key idea in PEGASIS is to form and transmit to a closer neighbor .It is sensor information system .Comparison will be done between the algorithmic schemes by considering a particular parameter that is network lifetime.

 

Keywords: - wireless sensor network, clustering, routing protocols, network lifetime

[1] I. F. Akyildiz,W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "A Surveyon Sensor Netowrks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 8,pp. 102–114, Aug 2002.
[2] S. Meyer and A. Rakotonirainy, "A Survey of Research on Context-Aware Homes," Workshop on Wearable, Invisible, Context-Aware, Ambient,Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, Adelaide Australia, 2003.
[3] B. Warneke, M. Last, B. Liebowitz, Kristofer, and S. Pister, "SmartDust: Communicating with a Cubic-Millimeter Computer," ComputerMagazine, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 44–51, Jan 2001.
[4] J. M. Kahn, R. H. Katz, and K. Pister, "Next Century Challenges Mobile Networking for Smart Dust," 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Aug 1999.
[5] V. Hsu, M. Kahn, and K. S. J.Pister, "Wireless Communication for Smart Dust," Electronic Research Laboratory Technical Memorandum, Feb 1998.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Reduction of Variation in Tensile Strength of Tissue Paper
Country	::	Bangkok
Authors	::	Siraveht Asavachaivong ||, Napassavong Rojanarowan
Page No.	::	06-09
	::	10.9790/3021-04560609
	::	0.4/3021-04560609
		3021-0405-0609

This paper presents a method to reduce variation in the tensile strength of tissue paper. The Central Composite Experimental Design with the use of regression and optimization techniques was proposed to determine the optimal setting of the refiner load and the dry strength chemical addition rate. It was found that the target tensile strength of 1950 gf/in2 could be obtained by setting a refiner load and a dry strength chemical addition rate at 34.12 ampere and 2900 cc/minute respectively. Once the operators knows the optimal setting, the over adjustment is reduced, leading to a lower variation in the produced tensile strength.

 

Keywords: - Tensile Strength, Tissue Paper, Variation Reduction, Experimental Design

[1] C.J. Biemann, Handbook of pulping and papermaking (New York: Academic Press Ltd., 1996).

[2] J. Lumiainen‚ Refining of chemical pulp, Paper making part 1, Stock preparation and wet end, in H. Paulapuro (Ed.), Papermakingc science and technology (Finnish Paper Engineers' Association, 2000) 87-122.

[3] I.I Pikulik, J.D. McDonald, C.J. Mentele and D.V. Lange, The effect of refining, forming and pressing on fine paper quality, TAPPI Journal, 81(6), 1998, 122-130.

[4] A.K. Vainio and H. Paulapuro, The effect of wet pressing and drying on bonding and activation in paper, Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 22(4), 2007, 403-408.
[5] N.R. Draper and K.J Lin, Response surface designs, in S. Ghosh and C.R. Rao (Ed.), Handbook of Statistics 13 (North Holland: New York, 1996) 323-375.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Penta-Band Dielectric Loaded Folded Loop Antenna for Mobile Handset
Country	::	Palestine
Authors	::	Mustafa Abu Nasr || Fady I. El-Nahal || A. Mohamed Alutol
Page No.	::	10-16
	::	10.9790/3021-04561016
	::	0.4/3021-04561016
		3021-0405-0616

A compact internal penta-band folded loop antenna for LTE1600/2600/WIMAX3.5/WLAN2.4/5.2 multiple mobile operations is proposed and investigated. The whole antenna structure is formed of a single folded meander loop pattern mount on the surfaces of a dielectric carrier with L-shape have a volume of 20 mm×17mm×5 mm, and ground plane of length 110mm is used. The size of the total structure is 110 × 50 × 5mm3. The compact structure makes it very suitable for today's mobile phones applications. With 6 dB return loss, five operating frequency bands covering LTE/WLAN/WiMAX MHz can be achieved with our design. Also, the resonant characteristics of the antenna can be tuned by using various strip dimensions and also the dielectric material of the carrier. Moreover, simulated results exhibit that the proposed folded loop antenna features nearly good omnidirectional radiation patterns with proper gain. The design and optimizing of the performance of the proposed antenna are performed by using a high frequency structure simulator HFSS. Details of the various antenna parameters are presented and discussed in this paper.

[1] Y. J. Chi, C. W. Chiu, and S. M. Deng, "Internal quad-band printed antenna for PDA phone," Electronics Letters, Vol. 45, No. 10, 489-491, May 2009.
[2] C. W. Chiu and Y. J. Chi, "Planar hexa-band inverted-F antenna for Portable device applications," IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp.1099-1102, October, 2009.
[3] M. Hunynh and W. Stutzman, "Ground plane effects on planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) performance," IEEE Proc. Microwave Antennas Propagation, vol. 150, no. 4, pp. 209-213, 2003.
[4] M. F. Abedin and M. Ali, "Modifying the ground plane and its effect on planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) for mobile phone handsets," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation. Letter, vol. 2, No. 15, pp. 226-229, 2003.
[5] H. Morishita, Y. Kim, and K. Fujimoto, "Design concept of antenna for small mobile terminals and the future perspective," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, No. 5, 30-43, Oct. 2002.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Simulation of Turbo Coded OFDM System
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Jyoti Chand || Deependra Pandey
Page No.	::	17-22
	::	10.9790/3021-04561722
	::	0.4/3021-04561722
		3021-0405-0622

The popularity of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been increasing rapidly in a high speed wireless communication systems. In OFDM we basically divide a wideband fading channel into a narrowband channels. OFDM is capable of neglecting or deleting the diverse ( bad) effects of multipath fading with the help of a one tap equalizer. A system is needed that can transmit information wirelessly and accurately. The technique of combining an OFDM which is suitable for high data rate transmission with a Forward Error Correction (FEC) method over a wireless channels have been done already by many engineers. In this thesis, we basically improve the working of an OFDM system by adding Turbo codes. By proper Power allocation and efficient use of coding, the performance at the high data rates improves. Simulation is to be done over two channels- AWGN and Rayleigh channels. In order to improve the performance convolution coding is used [1].

Keywords: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Bit Error Rate, Turbo Codes

[1] M.K. Gupta , Vishwas Sharma "To improve BER of Turbo coded OFDM channel over noisy channel" in Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology ©2005-2009 JATIT.
[2] Ramjee Prasad, "OFDM for Wireless Communications systems", Artech House Publishers, 2004.
[3] L. Hanzo , M. Munster, B .J .Choi, T . Keller, "OFDM and MC-CDMA for broadband Multiuser Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting"John Wiley Publishers, 2003.
[4] Lou I Ilunga , Research work on " Adaptive, Turbo coded OFDM"© 2005.
[5] George White, "Optimised Turbo Codes for Wireless channels". Phd. Thesis communication Research Group Department of Electronics University of York; UK, 10th Oct 2001.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Enhancement of Quality in Power Systems With Active Power Filters
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Vikash Anand || Dr. S. K. Srivastava
Page No.	::	23-32
	::	10.9790/3021-04562332
	::	0.4/3021-04562332
		3021-0405-0632

The study of hysteresis current controlled three phase active power filters to improve power quality by compensating harmonics and reactive power required by a non-linear load is presented. The shunt active filter employs a simple method for the reference compensation current based on Fast Fourier Transform. The series active filter employs a simple method for the reference compensation voltage based on p-q theory. UPQC consists of back to back connected series and shunt active filters, and is modeled with reference to a synchronously rotating d-q-o reference axes. The shunt active power filter compensates the source current harmonics and also it maintains the dc link voltage unchanged in steady state, while the series active power filter compensates the load voltage harmonics. Classic filters may not have satisfactory performance in fast varying conditions. But auto tuned active power filters give better results for harmonics minimization, reactive power compensation and power factor improvement. This paper has proposed an auto tuned active filter, which maintains the THD well within the IEEE-519 standards.

Keywords: Power system, Active power filters, PI Controller, Hysteresis Current Pulse Width Modulation.

[1] Bhim Singh, Kamal Al Haddad and Ambrish Chandra, A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement, IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, Vol.46, No.5, Oct. 1999, pp. 960-970.
[2] S. K. Jain, P. Agrawal and H. O. Gupta, Fuzzy Logic controlled shunt active power filter for power quality improvement, IEE proceedings in Electrical Power Applications, Vol. 149, No.5, Sept. 2002.
[3] G.- Myoung Lee, Dong- Choon Lee, Jul-Ki Seok; "Control of Series Active Power Filters Compensating for Source Voltage Unbalance and Current Harmonics"; IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 51, No. 1, Feb. 2004, pp. 132-139.
[4] Jun Li, Hui Yan, Guoqing Tang, Ping Jiang, Cuimei Bo; "Simulation Study of the Series Active Power Filter Based on Nonlinear Immune Control Theory"; IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004, pp.758-762.
[5] V. Khadkikar, P. Agarwal, A. Chandra, A.O. Barry and T.D. Nguyen; "A Simple New Control Technique For Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)"; 11th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power-2004, pp. 289-293.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Dent Defect Reduction in Hard Disk Drive Media Disks Using Six Sigma Approach
Country	::	Thailand
Authors	::	Keeratipan Damrongseree || Wipawee Tharmmaphornphilas
Page No.	::	33-37
	::	10.9790/3021-04563337
	::	0.4/3021-04563337
		3021-0405-0637

The objective of this research is to reduce the defectives of dent defect in hard disk drive media disks. The Six Sigma approach is applied to find out the factors which affect the sunray defect statistically and to obtain the optimal setting of each factor. First, defective rate on media disks is 13% and a dent defect on media disk is identified as a major problem with 5.96% defective rate. It is found that a minimal defective rate of cluster defect is achieved with the setting of the stopper height of DSP holder at 17.30 mm, the Positions of Vacuum holder 1 at 26.4 degree and the Positions of Vacuum holder 2 at 155.2 degree. Finally, the process with the optimal machine settings is implemented along with applying work instruction and training. It can reduce the defective rate from 5.96% to 0.98%.

 

Keywords: - Dent Defect, Hard Disk Drive Media Disks, Six Sigma Approach, Response Surface Methodology.

[1] Z.W. Zhong, S.H. Gee, Failure analysis of ultrasonic pitting and carbon voids on magnetic recording
disks, Ceramics International, 30, 2004, 1619-1622.
[2] A.H. Tan, C.S. Chen, and S. Perng, Effect of media textured surface on defect and noise in hard disk,
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 304, 2006, 436-438.
[3] P. Pande, and L. Holpp, What is Six Sigma? (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002).
[4] D.D. Ratnaningtyas, and K. Surendro, Information quality improvement model on hospital information
system using Six Sigma, Procedia Technology, 9, 2013, 1166-1172.
[5] M. White, J.L. Garcia, J.A. Hernandez, and J. Meza, Cycle time improvement by a Six Sigma project for
the increase of new business accounts, International Journal of Industrial Engineering, 16 , 2009, 191-
205

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Thermodynamic Analysis of Kapitza Cycle based on Nitrogen Liquefaction
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Vijay Singh Bisht
Page No.	::	38-44
	::	10.9790/3021-04563844
	::	0.4/3021-04563844
		3021-0405-0644

Cryogenic technology is used for liquefaction of many gases and it has several applications in food process engineering. The thermodynamic analysis of various cryogenic systems for liquefaction of different gases has been done by many researchers. Thermodynamic analysis of a nitrogen liquefaction system based on Kapitza cycle which is a modified Claude cycle has been carried out to evaluate various vital parameters of the system. Parametric evaluation using EES Commercial helps to identify the effects of expander flow fraction, isentropic efficiency of expander on the FOM (figure of merit) of the liquefaction cycle.
The study computes helps in selecting expander flow fraction, operating temperature levels of expanders, and approach temperature of the heat exchangers through them. Results from the analysis may help evolving guidelines for designing appropriate thermodynamic cycles for practical nitrogen liquefaction systems.

[1] Barron R F "Cryogenic Systems‟, second edition, New York, Oxford University Press,1985.
[2] S.Prasad "Study Cryogenics Cycles with ASPEN - HYSYS simulation" N.I.T Rourkela 2009.
[3] SciverS.W.V."Heliumcryogenics",Timmerhaus K.D.,RizzutoC."International cryogenics monograph series Pentium publishing corporationNew York, 1986.
[4] Ventura G,RisegariL."The art of cryogenics low-temperature experimental techniques" published in Elsevier Ltd, 2008.
[5] Kraft AA et al. Effect of composition and method of freezing on microbial flora of ground beef patties. J Food Sci 1979; 44:350–5.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Multi Document summarization using EM Clustering
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Kalyani Bhagat ||, M.D.Ingle
Page No.	::	45-50
	::	10.9790/3021-04564550
	::	0.4/3021-04564550
		3021-0405-0650

In today's world Users deals with the different data over internet, Document summarization is the process for summarizing the data from the different files from the single folder without losing their semantic content as per user query. Till now researchers has discovered various techniques to summarize the document to achieve the best output .Cluster identification is the one of the most important step for identifying the most relevant sentences from the different files which is further ranked using the ranking algorithm for ranking the top ranked sentences. This process is then further followed by the post processing. Existing clustering identification technique used for clustering does not shown the accuracy while fetching the sentence, hence we are introducing the new technique for cluster identification called EM (Expectation Maximization) which helps to identify the unobserved latent variables from the sentences. Here we are using the manifold ranking based on relevance propagation via mutual reinforcement between sentences and cluster for more.

 

Keywords: - Clustering, Mutual Reinforcement, Manifold ranking, Relevance propagation, Query based Summarization

[1] X. J.Wan, J. W. Yang, and J. G. Xiao, "Manifold-ranking based topic focused multi-document summarization," in Proc. 18th IJCAI Conf., 2007, pp.2903–2908

[2] S. Harabagiu and F. Lacatusu, "Topic themes for multi document summarization," in Proc. 28th SIGIR Conf., 2005, pp. 202–209.

[3] Wan X. and Yang J. 2006 "Improved Affinity Graph based Multi-Document Summarization."

[4] R. X.Y. Cai, W.J. Li, in "Simultaneous ranking and clustering of sentences: a reinforcement approach to multi-document summarization, 2010,".

[5] Xiaojun Wan and Jianwu Yang "Multi-Document Summarization Using Cluster-Based Link Analysis 2008"