Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Preliminary Investigation of Raindrop Size Distribution Modelling for Microwave Applications in Rwanda
Country	::	Nigeria.
Authors	::	Oluwumi Adetan
Page No.	::	01-09
	::	10.9790/3021-04720109
	::	0.4/3021-04720109
		3021-0407-0209

The choice of rain drop size distribution(RDSD) model is essential for adequate estimation and prediction of attenuation due to rain in any geographical location or region. Measurements of drop size distributions at Butare (2.6oS, 29.74oE); Rwanda is carried out using the Joss-WaldvogelRD-80 disdrometer installed at the National University of Rwanda. Different established distributions are fitted to the measured disdrometer data to model the RDSD for a number of rainfall events. The method of moments (MoM) is adopted for the estimation of theRDSD parameters, while the scattering functions are estimated using the Mie scattering approximation at a temperature of 20oC for spherical raindrops.A comparative analysis of the proposed model is made with models from other tropical and equatorial regions. Theproposed models are used to estimate the specific rain attenuation over Rwandaand at 2.5 -150 GHz using the estimated R0.01 value for Rwanda.Between 10 ≤ f ≤ 60 GHz window, the specific rain attenuation increases with corresponding increase in the frequency. The performance above 60 GHz relative to increase in frequency shows no significant change in the specific rain attenuation.The estimated attenuation statistics presented in this study will be useful for the proper design and allocation of adequate fade margins to achieve the expected quality of service (QoS) in a radio communication system operating in this region.

 

Keywords:-Raindrop size distribution models, method of moments, specific rain attenuation

[1] G. Hendrantoroand I. Zawadzki,"Derivation of parameters of Y-Z power-law relation from raindrop size distribution measurements and its application in the calculation of rain attenuation from radar reflectivity factor measurements," IEEE Trans on antenna and propagation, vol. 51, no. 1, 2003.

[2] "Specific attenuation model for rain use in prediction models," The Radiocommunications Agency of The International Telecommunications Union, ITU-R Recommendation P.838-3, 2005.

[3] J.S. Marshalland W.M. Palmer,"The distribution of raindrops with size," J. Meteor. 5, pp.165-166, 1948.

[4] J.O. Lawsand D.A. Parsons,"The relation of raindrops size to intensity," Trans. Am. Geophys. Union,24, pp. 452-460, 1943. [5] D. Atlas andC.W. Ulbrich, "The Physical basis for attenuation-rainfall relationships and the measurement of rainfall parameters by combined attenuation and radar methods," J. Rech. Atmos., 8, pp.275-298, 1974.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Application of DG in Power System Planning and Design
Country	::	India
Authors	::	J.Moharana ||, A.K. Baliarsingh ||, N.R. Samal ||, K.C. Meher ||, M. Mantri ||, D. Mishra
Page No.	::	10-15
	::	10.9790/3021-04721015
	::	0.4/3021-04721015
		3021-0407-0215

Electricity demand is growing the fastest of all the energy consumed worldwide. The increase in use of electricity is closely linked to the development of countries. It is a trend which is almost certain to continue into the future. This trend has increased the importance of electricity networks and how they are operated and planned. Traditionally, electricity systems have been run by vertically integrated utilities with the focus on the engineering aspects rather than Economic issues. This usually led to a high quality of supply for the consumer but perhaps at the expenses of the cost effectiveness. In this paper different dynamic issue regarding stability of system has been taken care of basic focus is on system study by analyzing IEEE 30 bus system for optimization of voltage profile of system by using Distributed generation. General Terms Different technique has been used for setting voltage profile in different bus with different load level such as Neutron-raption method , Genetic Algorithm , particle swarm optimization etc et. al.

 

Keywords: - LFS, ELD, DG, GA, PSO.

[1] EHSANNADERI, HOSSEIN SEIFI, MOHAMMAD SADEGH SEPASIAN"A Dynamic Approach for Distribution System Planning Considering Distributed Generation" IEEE Transactions, Vol-27, no.3, July2012.
[2] M. VATANKHAH, S. M. HOSSEINI, "PSO Based Voltage Profile Improvement by Optimizing the Size and Location of DGs", International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering, Vol-4, no. 2, pp.135-139, June, 2012.
[3] GHOLAMREZA ZAREIEGOVAR, ROYA REZVANI FESAGHANDIS, &MOHAMMADREZA JAFARI AZAD, "Optimal DG location and sizing in distributed system to minimize losses, improve voltage stability, and voltage profile" ,IEEE,Conference Publications,EPDC, pp.1-6, May, 2012.
[4] HOSSAME. A. TALAAT, ESSAMAI-AMMAR, "Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Distributed on network using genetic algorithm Available limits" IEEE, Conference, EPQU, pp. 1-6,2011.
[5] S. M FARASHBASHI-ASTANCH, A.DASTFAN, "Optimal placement and sizing of DG for loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and voltage sag mitigation", International conference on renewable energy and power quality, March, 2010 .

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	AC-DC Matrix Converter Based On Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Adinath Jain ||, Simith E
Page No.	::	16-23
	::	10.9790/3021-04721623
	::	0.4/3021-04721623
		3021-0407-0223

A single-phase step-up ac–dc matrix converter based on Cockcroft–Walton CW) voltage multiplier is explained in this paper. Here we are using a four bidirectional- switch matrix converter in between the CW circuit and ac source, the modern topology gives high quality of line conditions, adjustable output voltage, and low output ripple. The proposed matrix converter is operated with two independent frequencies. One of the frequencies is associated with Power Factor Correction (PFC) control, and the other frequency is to set the matrix converters output frequency. Here we are simulated 50V/12W converter for measurement and analysis. The measured system efficiency and power factor is improved and output voltage ripple is reduced at full load condition. A 10V AC to 50V DC laboratory prototype of the converter is built for test, measurement, and evaluation.

 

Index Terms: - Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier (CW), high step-up ac–dc converter, power factor correction (PFC).

[1] Chung-Ming Young, Member, IEEE, Ming-Hui Chen, Member, IEEE, Shou-Heng Yeh, and Kuo-Hwei You , A Single-Phase Single-Stage High Step - Up AC – DC Matrix Converte Based On Cockcrof t – Walton Voltage Multiplier With PFC, IEEE transactions on power electronics ,vol.27, no.12,December 2012.
[2] M. D. Bellar, E. H. Watanabe, and A. C. Mesquita, "Analysis of the dynamic and steady-state performance of Cockcroft–Walton cascade rectifiers," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 526–534, Jul. 1992.
[3] I. C. Kobougias and E. C. Tatakis, "Optimal design of a half - wave Cockcroft Walton voltage multiplier with minimum total capacitance," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 2460–2468, Sep. 2010.
[4] M.M.Weiner, "Analysis of Cockcroft–Walton voltage multipliers with an arbitrary number of stages," Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 330–333, Feb. 1969.
[5] J. Tanaka and I. Yuzurihara, "The high frequency drive of a new multistage rectifier circuit," in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., Apr. 1988, pp. 1031–1037.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Generation of an Annual Typical Meteorological Solar Irradiance on Tilted Surfaces for Armidale NSW,Australia
Country	::	Australia
Authors	::	Yasser Maklad
Page No.	::	24-40
	::	10.9790/3021-04722440
	::	0.4/3021-04722440
		3021-0407-0240

This paper aims to estimate solar irradiance on tilted surfaces for Armidale NSW, Australia.The most common data for describing the local solar climate is through what is called Typical Meteorological Year data (TMY). Typical solar radiation data is very important for the calculations of many solarapplications. In this study, typical solar radiation years on tilted surfaces of five inclination angles (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75) for Armidale town in New South Wales in Australia are generated from the typical solar radiation years on horizontal surfaces developed earlier by the writer in a former article based on the daily and monthly solar radiation data measured and collected for 23 years during the period 1990 to 2012, utilising the Finkelstein-Schafer statistical method. The study outcome is expected to show how solar radiation is potential in Armidale NSW and would be a real help for solar energy generation systems' designers in this region for all building applications varying between residential, educational, administrative and commercial for sizing and maximising efficiency of such systems by using the tabular TYR outcome for the each day of the year. Specially for calculating the energy output of solar arrays through the day while the sun is moving around the fixed angle array surface. This would really give a real picture of actual energy generation utilising inclined solar arrays.

 

Keywords: Armidale NSW,test meteorological year, test reference year, solar radiation; tilted surfaces

[1] A. Argiriou, S. Lykoudis, S. Kontoyiannidis, C.A. Balaras, D. Asimakopoulos, M. Petrakis, and P.Kassomenos. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 20 years data forAthens, Greece. Solar Energy 66(1), 1999, 33–45.
[2] W. Marion and K. Urban. User's Manual for TMY2s. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado, USA, 1995.
[3] H. Bulut. Generation of typical solar radiation data for Istanbul, Turkey. International Journal of Energy Research 27(9), 2003, 847–855.
[4] H. Bulut. Typical Solar Radiation Year for South-eastern Anatolia. Renewable Energy 29(9), 2004, 1477–1488.
[5] R.L. Fagbenle. Generation of a test reference year for Ibadan, Nigeria. Energy Conversion andManagement 30(1), 1995, 61–63.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A New Inverter Design For Facts Applications
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Hemlatha J N ||, Aswathy K S
Page No.	::	41-48
	::	10.9790/3021-04724148
	::	0.4/3021-04724148
		3021-0407-0248

FACTS is used to operate the transmission line at stable condition. A number of FACTS controllers and various schemes of operation are already proposed. But a still lot of scope is left in this development to make it more efficient in terms of voltage stress , switching losses and harmonic suppression .The scheme proposed here is used a SSSC based on a multilevel inverter to demonstrate the results. This inverter can produce the pulses with different width and magnitude , and the output almost resembles a sine wave.The output results are compared with conventional type of SSSC.The simulation of both proposed system and conventional system are given in this paper . The sample of voltage and current will be taken from the transmission line and is given to the processor to determine the angle of firing for the switching device.

 

Keywords:– Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) ,Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) , Multilevel inverter , Cascaded H Bridge.

[1]. Ahmet Mete Vural , KamilCagatayBayindir Converter Level Modeling and Control of Quasi Multi-Pulse Static Synchronous Series Compensator, IEEE Symposium on Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEESYM) 2012
[2]. DipendraRai, Sherif O. Faried, G.Ramakrishna and Abdel-AtyEdris, "An SSSC-Based Hybrid Series Compensation Scheme Capable of Damping SubsynchronousResonance"JEEE transaction on power delivery, vo127, no.2, apri/2012.
[3]. Mohammad Hassan Ameri, ShahrokhFarhangi, "A New Simple Method for Capacitors Voltage balancing in Cascaded H-bridge SSSC", Member, iEEE 2010
[4]. L. Gyugyi." Power electronics in electric utilities: Static V AR compensators". Proceedings of the iEEE. vo176, no.4 pp.483- 493, Apr.1998
[5]. Qiang Song, Wenham Liu, "DC Voltage Balancing Technique Using Multi-Pulse Optimal PWM for Cascade H-Bridge Inverters Based STATCOM", 35rh Annual iEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Facial Recognition System: A Review
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Ankita ||, Dr. Sanjay Kumar Malik
Page No.	::	49-54
	::	10.9790/3021-04724954
	::	0.4/3021-04724954
		3021-0407-0254

Face is the mirror of human emotions, characteristics and the behavior. This is proved by the biometric science. A lot of work has been earlier carried out with face and facial features. Such biometric systems are used for application authentication as well as for web authentication. Apart from that they are used to identify the criminals, age, gender on the basis of facial features. The accuracy of these systems depends on the facial features. It also depends on how they are detected and what kind of information can be retrieved from the face. The proposed work is in the same direction to identify different kinds of features that can be identified from the face. Our work includes all the physical, behavioral and functional features of the face. This paper has made a comparison between different facial feature detection methods. The comparisons will be taken in terms of number of features detected, time taken to detect the feature and the accuracy of the extracted features.

 

Keywords: Face Recognition, Behavioral Challenges, Biometric System, Facial Biometric System.

[1] Anil K. Jain, Arun Ross and SalilPrabhakar2, "An Introduction to Biomertics Recognition", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Special issue on Image-and-Video-Based Biomertics, Vol 14, No. 1, January 2004

[2] Weicheng Shen and Tieniu Tan, "Automated Biomertics-based personal Identification", Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center of the National Academics of Sciences and Engineering in Irvine,CA, August 1998

[3] Arun Ross, Anil Jain, "Information Fusion in Biomertics", Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 2002

[4] Madalin Tefan Vlad, Razvan Tatoiu, Valentin Sgarciu, "Smart Card and Biometrics used for Secured Personal Identification System Development", Automatic Control and Computers Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 2000

[5] Dr. Tang, Yuan Yan, Dr Leung and Yin Wing, "Fingerprint Recognition", Department of Computer Science and Engineering, April 2002

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Failure Modes Algorithm Modeling
Country	::	Bulgaria
Authors	::	P. Getsov ||, D. Yordanov ||, S. Zabunov
Page No.	::	55-59
	::	10.9790/3021-04725559
	::	0.4/3021-04725559
		3021-0407-0259

The current article studies various predictable failure trajectories, observed during control signals loss scenarios. Using modeling techniques, certain failure mode algorithms are verified. The examined instances of failures are tested in the line-of-sight area. Certain autopilot failure regimes are studied and the resulting trajectories of airplane uncontrolled flight are scrutinized for determining failure resistant plane characteristics.

 

Keywords: flight control, autopilot, safety.

[1] Mihalev I.A., B.N. Okoemov, I.G. Pavlina, M.S. Chikulaev, N.M. Eidinov. Automatic airplane control systems – methods for analysis and synthesis, "Mashinostroenie" publ., Moscow 1971