Basically biometric system used for identification purpose in this we have two types of attributes physical and biological. The physical attributes are classified as fingerprint, face recognition, palm, voice and biological attributes gait, keystroke etc.In biometric system is that whatever changes the intruder has done with the template it should not be accepted by the biometric system. This paper outlines about the approach based on multimodal biometric (E g. Fingerprint and Iris) which fused together for recognition. This multimodal biometric system is composed of three modules 1) Feature Extraction 2) Fusion of Multimodal biometric template creation 3) Cryptographic key creation. Firstly features like minutia points from fingerprint and texture from iris are extracted. These features fused together to construct a single multi-biometric template. Template protection gives privacy which offers security.

 

Keywords: - Fingerprint,Iris,Multimodal,Security,Templates

[1] P. S. Sanjekar and J. B. Patil "An Overview Of Multimodal Biometrics" Department of Computer Engineering, RCPIT, Shirpur, Signal & Image Processing: An International Journal (SIPIJ) Vol.4, No.1, February 2013.
[2] Abhishek Nagar, Student Member, IEEE, Karthik Nandakumar, Member, IEEE, and Anil K. Jain, Fellow, IEEE, "Multibiometric Cryptosystems Based on Feature-Level Fusion", IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 7, No. 1, February 2012.
[3] Christian Rathgeb and Christoph Busch "Multi-Biometric Template Protection Issues and Challenges" Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt (CASED) Darmstadt, Germany, 2012
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprint_recognition
[5] R.N.Kankrale,Prof.S.D.Sapkal "Template Level Fusion of Iris and Fingerprint in Multimodal Biometric Identification Systems ", Published in International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), 2011.

Environmental impact of pesticides consists of the effects of pesticide on non- target species. Over 98 percent sprayed pesticide with agricultural sprayer reach a destination other than their target species because they are sprayed across agricultural fields. Rum off or wind drift can carry pesticide into aquatic environment, grazing areas, human settlement and undeveloped areas potential affecting other species. Over a time period repeated application increase resistance, while it affects the past resurgence. Each pesticide set of environmental concern, such undesirable effects have led much pesticide to be banned while regulations have limited and reduced the use of others in agricultural fields. However, the global spread, demand and dependence on pesticides as a management tool for crop protection had increased a detrimental effect on farm workers and stake holders. The result of the field studies in the study zone, estimated at least 164 cases of contracted diseases, 103 acute poisoned, 101 hospitalized and 28 untimely dead of farmers and farm workers. Available information raises in this study over 10-20% population of natural honey bee use for food were declined. Investigation carried out in the studies that 59 percent of sprayer operators, farm workers and stakeholder are not using personal protective equipment.

 

Keywords: - Environment, Effect, Pesticide, Agricultural sprayers, application

[1] Kellogy R.L Nehring R. Grube, A .Goss .O.W. and plo kin ,S. Environmental indication of pesticide leaching and run off fields U.S.A. department of agriculture natural resources conservation service [2007]
[2] Reynolds J. D. International pesticide is there any hope for the effective regulation of controlled substance, Florida state university journal of land use and environmental law [1997] vol 131 reviewed on 2007-10-16
[3] Bingham, S. Pesticide in rivers and ground water Environment agency UK [2007] state of Jersey Environmental protection and pesticide use [2002]
[4] FOX, E. Gulledge, I. Engehaught, B. Burrow , M.E. Mcclachla , I.A. Pesticide reduce symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen fixing rhizobia and host plant .Proceeding of national academic of science of USA 184 [24]10282-10287
[5] Orhil, P. Sensitization workshop on safe and responsible use of agro chemical 8th Feb.2010, Yola .pp 1-6
Soil sample shows pesticide at West book middle school ground, July 8-2013 at 07.20 pm posted by Alana quartuccio [editor ]

In this paper presents about control of Bioreactor useing Artificial Neural Network. bioreactor has become an active area of research in recent years. This is partially attributable to the fact that bioreactors can be extremely difficult to control. Their dynamic behavior is invariably non-linear and model parameters vary in an unpredictable manner. Accurate process models are rarely available due to complexity of the underlying biochemical processes. A feedback controller is needed to account for disturbances and time-varying behavior. Neural network based model predictive controller designed for the control of bioreactor. In the first step the neural network model of bioreactor is obtained by levenburg- marquard training the data for the training the network generated using mathematical model of bioreactor.

 

Keywords: Neural network direct inverse, predictive control, bioreactor,productivity and dilution rate.

[1] Chidambaram,M and Reddy, G.P. (1995) Nonlinear control of systems with input multiplicities , Computers and Chemical Engineering, 19 pp249-252.
[2] Abonyi, J ,.Babuska, R. and Ayala Botto, M and Szeifert, F L. Nagy and Nagy (2002) Identification and control of nonlinear systems using fuzzy hammerstein models, Industrial & Engineering chemistry Research.39 pp4302-4314 .
[3] Dash, S.K. and Koppel, L.B.(1989) Sudden destabilization of controlled chemical Processes Chemical Engineering Communications, 84 , pp 129-157.
[4] Koppel,L.B. (1982) Input multiplicities in nonlinear multivariable control systems AIChE Journal.28 pp935 -945.
[5] Koppel, L.B.(1983) Input multiplicities in process control, Chemical Engineering Education, pp58-63, & 89-92.

These study deals with optimization of newly design ball burnishing tool is used carried out experiment on conventional lathe machine with burnishing process parameters using taguchi analysis method. The work piece and ball materials used is Aluminum Alloy 6061 and high chromium high carbon with 8mm diameter. The levels of input process parameters are selected on basis of one factor at a time experiment are burnishing force, burnishing feed, burnishing speed and number of passes. The response parameters is hardness. The optimal parameters for hardness are as follows: burnishing speed 250 RPM, burnishing feed rate 0.06 mm/rev, burnishing force, 8 Kgf, No. of passes 5.

Keywords: - ball burnishing tool, burnishing parameters, hardness, optimization, taguchi.

[1] M. H. El-Axir, O. M. Othman and A. M. Abodiena, study on the inner surface finishing of aluminium alloy 2014 by ball burnishing process, journal of materials processing technology Vol 202, 2008, 435–442.
[2] Aysun Sagbas, Funda Kahraman, Determination of optimal ball burnishing parameters for surface hardness, Professional article / Strokovni ~lanek MTAEC 9, Vol 43(5), 2009, 271
[3] R. Avilés, J, Albizuri, A. Rodríguez, L.N. López ,de Lacalle, Influence of low-plasticity ball burnishing on the high-cycle fatigue strength of medium carbon AISI 1045 steel, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol 55, 2013, 230–244
[4] R. Sadeler, M. Akbulut,S. Atasoy, Influence of mechanical (ball burnishing) surface treatment on fatigue behaviour of AISI 1045 steel, Kovove Mater. Vol 51 2013, 31–35.
[5] P. S. Dabeer and G. K. Purohit, Determination of surface roughness by ball burnishing process using factorial techniques, , World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol 79 2013, 1032–1035.

This paper gives a comparison between the horizontal axis wind turbines, or HAWTS, and the vertical axis wind turbines, or VAWTS. The two types of wind turbines are used for different purposes. Several models of both types are presented from previous research.

 

Keywords: - component, vawts; hawts, wind turbines.

[1] A.A.Wahab, M.F.Abas & N.M.Saad, Ac Voltage Stabilizer For Wind Powered Application In Malaysia, International Symp. & Exhibition on Sustainable Energy & Environ. (ISESEE 2006), Kuala Lumpur, Dec. 2006.
[2] Abas Ab. Wahab et al, To Establish The Wind Map For Sabah & Sarawak, Final report for IRPA vote: 74168, submitted to Research Management Centre, UTM, Oct. 2004.
[3] A.A.Wahab, W.T.Chong & M.F.Abas, Developing The Technology For Generating Electricity From Energy In Low Speed Wind, The International Conf. of Energy, BUET, Bangladesh, February 2004.
[4] A.A. Wahab, M.F.Abas & M.H.Ismail, The Influence Of Roughness And Obstacles On Wind Power Map, The International Symp. Of Renewable Energy, KL, September 2003.
[5] Ahmad M., Mazen A., M. and Tharwat (2006):Vertical axis wind turbine modeling and performance with axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator for battery charging applications. Retrieved September 14.

Wind has a very intermittent nature, its behaviour and speed are directly affected by several factors, specifically the nature of the environment and the height that wind blows at. Wind behaviour at urban large city areas and urban suburban areas is completely different than such behaviour at open terrain and flat unobstructed areas, wind turns to be more disturbed and turbulent and wind speed is reduced due to the existence of several obstructions, mostly buildings either single storey or medium rise or high rise buildings in addition to trees. As well, the height at which wind is blowing, the lower height the more disturbed wind the less wind speed, such effect is maximised in urban areas and near to the ground level. This paper aims to estimate and generate, in urban Armidale NSW, Australia, an annual typical daily wind speed for heights equal and less than 10m. A numerical method is applied to calculate such wind speed at urban Armidale at various heights (10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 & 4) m utilising an already previously generated typical wind speed reference year (TRY) of Armidale based on historical meteorological wind speed records measured at 10m height at Armidale's Airport Weather Station (AWS) over a period of 20 years (1994 to 2013). Achieving such a database of typical reference year of daily wind speed at heights equal and less than 10meters in (m/s) is an added value to the micro-scale wind energy generation systems, ranges from 0.5 kW to 10 kW, as such systems involves micro-scale wind turbines would be operating at heights considered at this study.

 

Keywords:- Armidale NSW, test meteorological year, test reference year, wind speed, micro-scale energy generation, micro-wind turbines

[1] Arens, E. A., 1981, Designing for an Acceptable Wind Speed, Transportation Engineering Journal 107, 127-141.
[2] Ansley, R. M.; W. Melbourne & B. J. Vickery, 1977, Architectural Aerodynamics, London, applied science publishers Ltd.
[3] ASREA Handbook, 1997, Fundamentals, Chapter 15.
[4] Gandemer, 1977, Wind Environment around Buildings: Aerodynamic Concepts, Pro. Wind Effects on Buildings & Structures, Cambridge University Press. 423-433.
[5] Givoni, Baruch, Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design, NewYork, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1998.

Fe(III) ion doped Ni L-Histidine Hydrochloride monohydrate crystals (Fe(III)-NiLHICL) are grown at room temperature using slow evaporation technique. The Fe(III) doped NiLHICL crystals are characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as X-Ray diffraction studies, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance(EPR), Optical Absorption and FTIR studies. Thermal stabilities were studied by TGA/DTA analysis. The powder diffraction patterns of prepared crystals have been recorded and lattice cell parameters are evaluated as a = 1.5286, b = 0.8933, c = 0.6852 nm. From EPR studies, g and hyperfine splitting parameters for Fe(III) ion in the host crystals are determined as g = 2.0301 indicating octahedral symmetry. Crystal field and inter-electronic parameters are evaluated from the optical absorption studies in addition to obtaining the confirmation for octahedral symmetry for the ions in the host lattice. The FT-IR spectrum exhibited characteristic vibrations of the groups present in the crystal indicating bond formation between the metal ion and the amino acid.

 

Keywords: Crystal field, FT-IR,Optical absorption spectrum, TGA,DTA, XRD.

[1] Hannay and C.F.Smyth, J.Am.Chem.Sot. 68, 1976,171.
[2] S.N.Rao, Y.P.Reddy and P.Sambasiva Rao, Solidi State Communications 82, 1992, 419.
[3] DAH Fenningham, RB. Hammond, LaiX and K J Roberts, Che matter, 7 1995, 1690.
[4] Lai X.Roberts K J Bedzyk J M.Lyman P F CardosoLp and JM Sasaki Chem matter.17 ,1985, 4053
[5] Wen-Chen Zheng, Phys.Status Solidi, B, 205, 1998, 627.

The average size of oil palm kernels of unknown variety was used to classify their varietal composition. Engineering properties of oil palm kernels are important for rational design of general- purpose handling systems for oil palm kernels. In this work, average values of size, solid density, bulk density, compressive yield load, hardness, angle of repose, porosity, sphericity, and coefficient of friction were determined for samples of unknown variety of palm kernels sourced from three local markets in Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. At an average moisture content of 6.1% (w.b.), the major diameter ranged between 15.68 ± 2.24 mm and 22.41 ± 2.19 mm with an average of 19.09 ± 2.01 mm. The solid density ranged between 1.00 ± 0.09 g/cm3 and 1.32 ± 0.02g/cm3 with an average value of 1.17 ± 0.13 g/cm3. Other average values were 608.05 ± 14.08 kg/m3 for bulk density; 1022.44 ± 90.56 N for compressive yield strength; 10.41 ± 0.09 kN/m2 for hardness; 37.75 ± 1.33o for angle of repose; 47.4 ± 7.7% for porosity; and 0.74 ± 0.04 for sphericity. The average coefficients of friction were 0.52 ± 0.05, 0.51 ± 0.03, and 0.46 ± 0.06 on plywood, galvanized steel, and glass surfaces respectively. The size analyses results showed that the oil palm kernels used in this study were mixtures of dura, tenera, and pisifera varieties. Moisture content of the kernel was found to influence most of the properties

 

Keywords: - Palm kernel, engineering properties, unknown variety, oil palm, Nigeria

[1] Mohsenin, N. N. 1986. Physical properties of plant and animal materials.Gordon and Breach Press, New York, USA.
[2] Alcali, I.D. and O. Guyen. 1996. Physical properties of peanut in Turkey. Agricultural mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 2(3), 55-59.
[3] Olaoye, J. O. 2000. Some physical properties of Castor nut relevant to the design of processing equipment. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 17(1), 11-118.
[4] Ogunsina, B. S., O. A. Koya and O. O. Adeosun. 2008. Deformation and Fracture of Dika nut under uniaxial compressive load. Int. Agrophyics, 22, 249-253.
[5] Akinoso, R., A. O. Raji J.C. Igbeka. 2009. Effects of compressive stress, feeding rate, and speed of rotation on Palm kernel oil yield. J. Food Eng., 93, 427-430.