Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Video Quality Analysis for H.264 Based on Human Visual System
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Subrahmanyam.Ch ||, Dr.D.Venkata Rao ||, Dr.N.Usha Rani
Page No.	::	01-07
	::	10.9790/3021-04840107
	::	0.4/3021-04840107
		3021-0408-0407

The quality of video, such as the Mean Squared Error (MSE), Weighted Mean Squared Error (WMSE) or the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), not always correspond with visual observations. Structural Similarity based video quality assessment is proposed under the assumption that the Human Visual System (HVS) is highly adapted for extracting structural information from video. While the demand on high resolution quality increases in the media industry, Color loss will make the visual quality different. In this paper, we propose an improved quality assessment method by adding color comparison into structural similarity measurement system for evaluating video quality. Then we separate the task of similarity measurement into four comparisons: luminance, contrast, structure and color. Experimental results show that the predicted quality scores of the proposed method are more effective and consistent with visual quality than the classical methods using two different distortion types of video sets.

 

Keywords: - MSE, WMSE, PSNR, HVS, luminance, contrast

[1] A. C Bovik. Introduction to Image and Video Quality Assessment[OL]. [2009-3-17]. http://live.ece. utexas.edu /research/quality/intro.htm.

[2] C J van den Branden Lambrecht, Ed. Special Issue on Image and Video Quality Metrics [J]. Signal Process., 1998, 70(3): 155-294.

[3] VQEG. Final Report from the Video Quality Experts Group on the Validation of Objective Models of Video Quality Assessment [OL]. (2000-3-15) [2009-3-17]. http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/vqeg/projects/ frtv_phaseI/COM-80E_final_report.pdf.

[4] T N Pappas and R J Safranek. Perceptual Criteria for Image Quality Evaluation. In: A. C Bovik, ed. Handbook of Image &Video Processing [M]. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000: 669-684.

[5] Z Wang and A C Bovik. A Universal Image Quality Index [J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2002, 9(3): 81-84.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Evaluation of The Impact Of Manual Tasks On Workers In An Oil Servicing Company
Country	::	Nigeria.
Authors	::	A. Kolawole ||, W.A. Buari
Page No.	::	08-13
	::	10.9790/3021-04840813
	::	0.4/3021-04840813
		3021-0408-0413

Manual task activities have been found to contribute to a number of musculoskeletal disorders such as sprain and strain of the muscles and low back pain among others. This study examined the impact of manual tasks on workers in an oil and gas company in Nigeria. Twenty six manual task workers participated in the study and their physiological responses during work were evaluated through heart beat rate per minute and volume of oxygen consumption. Relative aerobic strain (RAS) for each of the 26 subjects was calculated through the volume of oxygen consumption as RAS1 and through the heart beat rate per minute as RAS2. The results showed that based on RAS1 and RAS2, 8 or 30.77% and 9 or 34.62% out of the 26 workers have the impact of the job within their capacity respectively while 18 or 69.23% and 17 (65.38%) have the task beyond their capability based on RAS1 and RAS2 respectively. In order to ensure the safety and comfort of the workers, it may be necessary to assess the physical fitness of an intending manual task worker before employment

 

Keywords: - age correction factor (AG), Heart beat rate, Manual task, Relative aerobic strain (RAS), Volume of Oxygen Consumption (VO2)

[1] Code of Practice Manual Task 2010: Commission for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Commerce, Government of Western Australia. Available online http://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe/pdf/codes of Practice/Code manual handling.pdf
[2] A. Freivalds and B. W. Niebel, Niebel's methods, standards and work design (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009).
[3] J. Sluiter and Frings-Dresen, What do we know about ageing at work? Evidence based fitness for duty and health in fire fighters, Ergonomics, Vol 50, No.11, 2007. pp. 1897-1913.
[4] M. K. Chung, L. J. Yue, L. Inseok, and I. C. Kyung, Physiological workload evaluation of carrying soft drink beverage boxes on the back: Applied Ergonomics 36, 2005, pg 569-574
[5] A. Klussmann, U. Steinberg, F. Liebers, H. Gerbhardt and A. Rieger, The key indicator method for manual handling operations (KIM-MHO) - evaluation of a new method for the assessment of working conditions within a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 11:272, 2010

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	No Reference Objective Video Quality Measurement Based on Human Visual System
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Subrahmanyam.Ch ||, Dr.D.Venkata Rao ||, Dr.N.Usha Rani
Page No.	::	14-17
	::	10.9790/3021-04841417
	::	0.4/3021-04841417
		3021-0408-0417

We tested how to improve the quality of the reconstructed video, several deblocking algorithms have been used. In this paper, we will introduce these deblocking algorithms and classify them into several categories. On the other hand, the conventional PSNR is widely adopted for estimating the quality of the compressed video. However, PSNR sometimes does not reveal the quality perceived by human visual system (HVS). In this paper, we will introduce one measurement to estimate the blockiness in the compressed video.

 

Keywords: - reconstructed video, deblocking algorithm, PSNR, HVS

[1] B W Keelan. Handbook of Image Quality: Characterization and Prediction [M]. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 2002: 9.
[2] A. C Bovik. Introduction to Image and Video Quality Assessment[OL]. [2009-3-17]. http://live.ece.utexas.edu/research/quality/intro.htm.
[3] Z Wang, A. C Bovik, H R Sheikh, et al. Image Quality Assessment: From Error Visibility to Structural Similarity [J]. IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2004, 13(4): 600-612.
[4] C J van den Branden Lambrecht, Ed. Special Issue on Image and Video Quality Metrics [J]. Signal Process., 1998, 70(3): 155-294.
[5] VQEG. Final Report from the Video Quality Experts Group on the Validation of Objective Models of Video Quality Assessment [OL]. (2000-3-15) [2009-3-17].
http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/vqeg/projects/frtv_phaseI/COM-80E_final_report.pdf.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Analysis on Variable Fluid Viscosity of Non-Darcian Flow over a Moving Vertical Plate in a Porous Medium with Suction and Viscous Dissipation
Country	::	Nigeria.
Authors	::	Animasaun, I. L. ||, Aluko, O. B
Page No.	::	18-32
	::	10.9790/3021-04841832
	::	0.4/3021-04841832
		3021-0408-0432

An analysis is carried out to study free convective flow and heat transfer of a viscous incompressible fluid over a linearly moving vertical porous plate with suction and viscous dissipation. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. The governing boundary layer equations are reduced to boundary value problem using the concept of similarity transformations. The corresponding coupled ordinary differential equation is solved numerically using the Runge Kutta fourth order method along with shooting technique. Graphical results for the dimensionless velocity and temperature distributions are shown for various values of the thermophysical parameters controlling the flow regime. Numerical values of physical quantities such as the local Skin-friction coefficient and the Local Nusselt number are presented in tabular form.

 

Keywords: - Variable fluid viscosity, Porous media, Viscous Dissipation, Non Darcian flow, Radiative Heat flux

[1] Batchelor, G.K. (1987). An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, London.
[2] Bejan, A. and Khair, K.R. (1985). Heat and mass transfer by natural convection in a porous medium, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 28, pp.909-918.
[3] Brewster,M. Q. (1972). Thermal Radiative Transfer Properties, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
[4] Cebeci, T. and Bradshaw, P. (1984). Physical and Computational Aspects of Convective Heat Transfer, New York, Springer.
[5] Crane, L.J. (1970). Flow past a stretching plate, Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 21,645–647.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Nurses – Midwives' Knowledge concerning Pap Smear in Baghdad city Hospitals
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Ahrar M. Rashied ||, Iqbal Majeed Abbas Prof. PhD
Page No.	::	33-39
	::	10.9790/3021-04843339
	::	0.4/3021-04843339
		3021-0408-0439

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst the gynecological cancers worldwide, Cervical cancer is potentially preventable, and through effective screening programs can lead to reduction in the morbidity and mortality associated with this cancer. Objective: The study aimed to assess nurses-midwives' knowledge concerning the pap smear and determine the association between nurse-midwives' knowledge and their demographic, reproductive variables in Baghdad city Hospitals. Methodology: A descriptive analytical study was carried out from September/ 1/2013 to December /30/ 2013 through a "non-probability" purposive sample of (170) nurse-midwives which was selected from (9) hospitals in Baghdad city, The data were collected by the investigator who interviewed the nurse – midwives and filled out the constructed a questionnaire formats which designed for the purpose of the study and comprised of two main parts: part one including: demographic, reproductive, nursing, midwifery experience and pap smear training course variables, part two including: knowledge concerning pap smear. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through a panel of experts in the specialist fields while the reliability of the questionnaire was determined by calculating the Reliability coefficient . Thereafter, the data were analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistics approach. Results: The study findings indicated that most of the nurse-midwives' knowledge concerning pap smear test unacceptable, there were low mean of score in all items of nurse- midwives knowledge, there were no statistical significant association between nurses –midwives' knowledge concerning pap smear and their demographic, reproductive variables, their experience, pap smear course and duration of training course. Conclusion: There were unacceptable results of nurse – midwives' knowledge concerning Pap smear and majority of nurse – midwives hadn't adequate knowledge which can affect the type of care concerning Pap smear. Recommendations: The study recommends that need for advanced education and training course for nurses – midwives and other health care providers concerning pap smear to increase knowledge and awareness and reactivate national screening program guidelines at best.

 

Key words: - Assessment, knowledge, Nurses – Midwives and pap smear.

[1] Munoz M, Castellsague X, De Gonzalez AB, Gissmann L Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer. Vaccine 2006; 24: 1-10.
[2] Adeleke NA, Komolafe JA. Knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age group in Osogbo, South Western Nigeria. Sex Hlth Matters, 2007; 8:70-3.
[3] Zemheri E, Koyuncuer A. The importance of the pap smear test in the diagnosis of cervical cancers. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 2005; 14: 1-4.
[4] Türkistanlı EC, Soğukpınar N, Saydam BK et al. Cervical Cancer Prevention and early Detection – The Role of Nurses and Midwives. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2003; 4: 15-21.
[5] Yücel U, Ceber E, Özentürk G. Efficacy of a training course given by midwives concerning cervical cancer risk factors and prevention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2009; 10:437-42.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Design of Switches & Sockets Testers based on Microcontroller
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi ||, Yousif Taha Yousif Elamin
Page No.	::	40-43
	::	10.9790/3021-04844043
	::	0.4/3021-04844043
		3021-0408-0443

It's important to maintain the quality of the electrical and electronic devices (electrical household switches, sockets-outlet, .etc), since they pose danger to the users. These devices affect directly the national economy. Most of the international and national organizations including the Sudanese standard and metrology organization have paid so much concern to the electrical devices quality through stabling a lot of standard specifications to control its quality. Regarding the electrical household switches and sockets-outlet, all the standard specifications which have been established are required. The difficulties of simulating the normal operating test manually for the electrical household switches, and sockets come from the needs of perfectly performing the following tests: - Pregnancy current. - Electrical endurance. For electrical household switches (up to 15A, 250V) according to Sudanese standard SDS (3926/2007),and socket-outlet (up to12.5A,230V) according to Sudanese standard SDS (4829/2011), which required the on/off times for electrical switches to be approximately equal. So in this paper two separate devices are subjected to tests. The first one is for the electrical household switches and the second is for the sockets-outlet.

[1] Sudanese standard specification SDS (4829/2011).
[2] 2-Embedded Systems –Architecture, Programming and Design, second Edition, Raj Kamal, 2008.
[3] The Pic Microcontroller, Book 1, Microchip, Nebojsa Matic, May15, 2000.
[4] Microcontrollers [Theory and Application], Ajayv Deshmukh, by Tata McGrow –Hill, 2005.
[5] Pic Microcontrollers [know It All], Lucio Di Jasio, Tim Wilmshurst, Dolan Ibrahim, John Morton, Martin Bates, Jack Smith, D.W. Smith, and Chuck Hellebuyck, ISBN: 978-0-7506-8615-0, 2008, Elsevier Inc. .

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Comparison Between Ipv4 And Ipv6 Using Opnet Simulator
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Ghaida Yagoub Ahmed Yosif Al-Gadi ||, Dr. Amin Babiker A/Nabi Mustafa
Page No.	::	44-50
	::	10.9790/3021-04844450
	::	0.4/3021-04844450
		3021-0408-0450

The overall objective of the paper is to evaluate and compare the performance of IP (IPv4 and IPv6), using OPNET [1] as a simulation tool to compare them in terms of different criteria. In this, we have designed a wide area networks based on IPv4and the IPv6 protocols in OPNET, a network simulator platform. Simulation techniques allow Lena analyze the behavior of each network separately. The network consists of different components such as servers, routers, and adapters. The drive of this paper is to assess the basic productivity, and packet loss, a delay, jitter, and the use of methods based on simulative and analytical network addresses in IPv4 / IPv6. The aim of this paper is to find out what is the best IP under a particular application. Understanding the impact of the delay, and the wrath of use and productivity in the network addresses of IPv4/IPv6.. The simulation has been carried out using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET).

 

Keywords: - IPv4, IPv6, OPNET, delay, throughput, jitter.

[1]"OPNET: IPv6 for R&D Specialized Model" [Online] Available: http://www.opnet.com/solutions/network_rd/simulation _model_library/IPv6.html, Accessed on 15 December, 2013
[2] IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture, RFC 2373, R. Hinden, S. Deering, July 1998
[3]A.Dutta,J.ALberi,A.Cheng,B.Horgan,T.McAuley,D.Chee,B.Lyles,"IPv6TRANSITIONTECHNIQUSFORLEGACY APPLICATION":582,MILCOM 2006.
[4] Ali, Amer nizar abu. Comparison study between IPv4&IPv6. International journal of computer science issue. May 1, 2013.
[5] "OPNET Training" [Online] Available: https://www.opnet. Com/training/index.html, Accessed on 29 January 2013

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Evaluation and Comparisons of Migration Techniques From IPv4 To IPv6 Using GNS3 Simulator
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Ghaida Yagoub Ahmed Yosif Al-Gadi ||, Dr. Amin Babiker A/Nabi Mustafa ||, Mahmoud Ahmed Hamied
Page No.	::	51-57
	::	10.9790/3021-04845157
	::	0.4/3021-04845157
		3021-0408-0457

The enormous boom of the internet services and with the increased number of the devices, and applications that use the Internet, major changes in the overall architecture has required the use of new technologies. In this day became necessary to find a version of IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) in order to reach out to the product meets all of these requirements and enable a global environment where processing rules clasped all applications. This paper discusses ways to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6,It uses GNS3 to simulate three ways used in transition to IP6 and Svolarwinds to analysis three parameters of network performance Latency, Packet loss.We tried to present in this paper a groundwork examination of IPv6 in Network migration and performance analysis, in which determine that network migration process is a very essential footstep in shaping how the communication will occur and will support with or detract from the enforcement of IPv6 policies[1].

 

Keywords: - IPv4, IPv6, GNS3, Tunneling,Dual Stack, NAT-PT

[1] MD. tarig Aziz, Mohamed Saiful Islam, MD. nazmul Islam khan. Throughput performance evolution of video /voice traffic in IPv4/IPv6 network. International journal of computer applications. December 2, 2011, p, 1.

[2] A.Dutta, J.ALberi, A.Cheng, B.Horgan, T.McAuley, D.Chee, B.Lyles, "IPv6TRANSITIONTECHNIQUSFORLEGACY APPLICATION":582, MILCOM 2006.

[3] Ali, Amer nizar abu. Comparison study between IPv4&IPv6. International journal of computer science issue. May 1, 2013.

[4] Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC6052, 3513, 4291, 6104, HTTP://tools.ietf. Or/htm/

[5] P. Loshin, IPv6: Theory, Protocol and Practice, Second Edition, 500 Sansome Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94111: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2004.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Study of Venous Thromobosis using Impedance Plethsmography
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Miss Sarika Tapre || Prof. Jyothi Warrier
Page No.	::	58-61
	::	10.9790/3021-04845861
	::	0.4/3021-04845861
		3021-0408-0461

This paper is on development of venous thrombosis using Impedance Plethsmography which can be used in institute laboratory, colleges for learning which is efficient to understand the actual working of Impedance Plethsmography. A small 1mA, 50 KHz current is injected into the body through two electrodes and the induced voltage is picked up using another pair of electrodes and placed inside the current electrodes. The amplitude of the signal thus obtained is directly proportional to the electrical impedance (Zo) offered by the body segment between the voltage electrodes. A change in the impedance, which is caused by physiological processes like blood clot, respiration, etc., modulates the amplitude of the carrier. A battery operated low cost and compact Bioelectrical Impedance Meter is developed which can be used for estimation of body impedance, stroke volume, cardiac output, arterial pulse wave velocity and bone mineral density. It is used to measure body impedance from healthy subjects in a lab setup. These parameters may be used for estimation of body impedance.

 

Keywords: - BIA-Bioelectrical impedance analysis, DVT-Deep Venous Thrombosis, MRI- Magnetic resonance imagine, MVO-Maximum Venous Outflow, OIP -Occlusive Impedance Phlebography , VC-Venous Capacitance

[1] Electrical Impedance and Photo Plethysmography for Medical Applications", G. D. Jindal, T. S. Ananthakrishnan, S. K. Kataria, Vineet Sinha, Rajesh Kumar Jain, Sadhana A. Mandlik, A. R. Kini, Mousami A Naik, S. K. Singh, S. H. Sanghvi and G. Haridason Electronics Division BARC.
[2] Guyton, "Functional organization of human body and its internal environment," in Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Elsevier saunders, 2006, ch. 1, sec. 1, pp. 3-9.
[3] Edwin Krales, "Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Body Composition," in [Body Positive Record as], [copyright 1999] ©.
[4] Ursula G. Kyle, "Bioelectrical impedance analysis part 1: review of principles and methods," Clinical Nutrition, vol. 23, pp. 1226-1243, June, 2004.
[5] Paul Deurenberg, "Changes in fat free mass during weight loss determined by bio impedance analysis and by densitometry," The American journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 49, pp. 33-36, Mar, 2014.