Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	New Approach of Retorting of Huadian Oil Shale in Order to Reduce CO and CO2 Emissions
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Guy Roland Nguimbi || , Sun Youhong || , Phiri Cryton
Page No.	::	01-08
	::	0.4/3021-05130108
		3021-0501-0308

The combustion of oil shale can extract the kerogen and later transform the kerogen in to heavy oil .The only drawback of this technique is the decarbonation of mineral matter in shale by high temperatures. This process causes 60% to 70% of the CO2 and CO emissions. The decarbonation of CaCO3 and oxidation of fixed carbon causes the formation of CO2 and CO .The aim of this study is to avoid the decarbonation by decreasing the temperature in the retort of combustion. During this experiment we tested the impact of two parameters: Firstly, decreasing the quantity of fixed carbon in the medium of combustion and secondly, increasing the amount of carbonates which acts as heat dissipater. It is demonstrated that increasing the amount of carbonates may only decrease the medium of combustion to temperatures not lower than 830°C which is still so high to avoid decarbonation. Moreover, the temperature can be decreased to avoid decarbonation by reducing the quantity of fixed carbon .When the medium reached the low temperatures, nearly all the fixed carbon is oxidized. In high temperatures decarbonation of the mineral matter present in oil shale produce huge emissions of CO2.We show, in this paper a new approach to controlling the temperature of the combustion to prevent this decarbonation .

 

Keywords: - decarbonation, Electrical combustion , Huadian , Oil shale

[1] Kang Z. Q., Dong Y. Z., Yang.S, (2011). Thermal cracking and corresponding permeability of Fushun oil shale. Oil Shale, 28(2): 273-283.
[2] Dyni, J.R., (2006) Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5294, 42 p.
[3] Altun N. E., Hicyilmaz C. ,. Hwang,A J.-Y. SuatBağci, KÖK M. V. (2006) Oil Shales In The World And Turkey ;Reserves, Current Situation And Future prospects: A Review. Oil Shale , 23(3) 211–227.
[4] Wang Q., Sun B. Z., Wu X H.,(2007) Study on combustion characteristics of mixtures of Huadian oil shale and semicoke. Oil Shale Publisher: Estonian Academy Publishers, 24(2) ,595–600.
[5] Pan Y., Zhang J. M., Xu Wang, Yang S.C.(2012) Research on Electric Heating Technology In-situ Oil Shale Mining. Journal of Engineering Vol 2, Issue 8 , 39-44

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Health Effects of High And Low Power Densities of Mobile Phone Tower Radiation On Nearby Inhabitants – Case Study
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Lalrinthara Pachuau ||, Zaithanzauva Pachuau
Page No.	::	09-14
	::	0.4/3021-05130914
		3021-0501-0314

In the present paper, we presented the study of complaints on thirteen (13) different health symptoms faced by inhabitants living near mobile tower – Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM 900) and those inhabitants living in the area where there is no mobile tower. The study was conducted in two different localities in Aizawl city in the year 2014. For the study, questionnaires were conducted in both the localities. Power densities were measured in different places in both the localities. Frequency spectrum was taken in each locality. Health complaints between the two localities were compared. It was found that power density is much higher in the area where there is mobile tower than the area where there is no mobile tower. Inhabitants living near mobile tower are having more health complaints than those inhabitants living in the area where there is no mobile tower. Responses from inhabitants who participated in the questionnaires from both the localities were statistically analysed and compared by performing Kruskal Walli's t-test. Out of the thirteen (13) different symptoms studied it was found that the comparisons are statistically significant with p < 0.05 in four (4) symptoms. Women were statistically more affected (p < 0.05) than male in headache and muscle pain.

 

Keywords: - frequency spectrum, mobile tower radiation, power density, RF radiation.

[1]. JF Viel, S Clerc, C Barrera, R Rymzhanova, M Moissonnier, M Hours, E Cardis, Residential exposure to Radiofrequency Fields from Mobile Phone Base stations, and Broadcast Transmitters: A population-Based Survey with Personal Meter, Occup Environ Med 66 (2009) 550-556.
[2]. AM Martinez-Gonzalez, A Fernandez-Pascual, Practical Procedure for Verification of Compliance of Digital Mobile Radio Base Stations to Limitations of Exposure of the General Public to Electromagnetic Fields, IEEE Proceedings on Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation (USA) 149 (2002) 218-228.
[3]. A Ahlbom, A Green, et al, Epidemiology of Health Effects of Radiofrequency Exposure, Environmental Health Perspectives 112(17), (2004), 1741-1754.
[4]. U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Radiation emitting Products: Reducing Exposure : Hands-Free Kits and Other Accessories, 2009.http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-Emitting Products/Radiation Emitting Productsand procedures/ Home Businessand Entertainment/ CellPhones/ucm116338.htm
[5]. Nora D. Volkow, Dardo Tomasi, Gene-Jack Wang, Paul Vaska, Joanna S. Fowler, Frank Telang, Dave Alexoff, Jean Logan and Christopher Wong, Effects of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Signal Exposure on Brain Glucose Metabolism, Journal of American Medical Association, 305(8), 2011, 808-813.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Laser Based Guidance System For Projectile
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Gayathri. N
Page No.	::	15-25
	::	0.4/3021-05131525
		3021-0501-0325

In this paper a hardware module of Laser based guidance system for projectile has been developed.The system uses a laser beam to guide a projectile to precisely hit a target. The guiding system generates a laser beam trajectory bygetting the range of target and velocity of projectile input manually.The guidance system in the projectile interpret the information contained in the laser beam and steers to track the beam to keep the projectile closer to the centre of the laser beam. Such guided projectiles can thus said to "ride" the beam to its target.The main aim is to design and develop a microcontroller based platform with two degrees of freedom(Azimuth and Elevation) with optical zoom facility to keep the diameter of the laser beam as a function of distance.In this project the line of sight will be on a static target. The trajectory of laser beam from the above system can be used as a guidance system for beam rider missiles. The project relates the azimuth, elevation and the optical zoom movement to generate the desired trajectory.

 

Keywords: -Drive Circuit for Motors, Laser, Lens and Microcontroller based platform, Stepper Motors

[1] Bureau of Naval Personnel. Principle of Guided Missiles and Nuclear Weapons. NAVPERS 10784-B, 1st Rev.Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1972.
[2] Commander, Naval Ordnance Systems Command. Weapons Systems Fundamentals. NAVORD OP 3000, vols.2&3, 1st Rev. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1971
[3] Lee, R.G., et al. Guided Weapons: Including Light, Unguided Anti-Tank Weapons. Pergamon Brassey's Defence Weapons
[4] Systems & Technology Series, 1983. Stepping Motor Tutorial by Dr. Douglas W. Jones
(http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/-jones/step/#introduction), Copyright 1995
[5] Atmega32-Internet Link: www.atmel/acrobat/doc2503.pdf

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	(FPGA) based design for minimizing petrol spill from the pipe lines during sabotage
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Hani mohammed moqbel saleh ||, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	26-30
	::	0.4/3021-05132630
		3021-0501-0330

Sabotage operations on petrol pipe lines happen all over the world. The saboteurs aim from such operations is to hinder the petrol exportation process. The sabotage operations on petrol pipe lines causes a spilling of a large amount of petrol from the pipe lines. Sabotage of the petrol pipe lines also causes fires and pollution to the environments . Such operations causes a lot of loss in economy to the country concerned where the sabotage took place. This paper sheds the light on this challenging issue to steady and propose an intelligent electronic circuit design solutions to this problem. An electronic circuit design based on using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed to reduce to minimum the amount of petrol spilling when a sabotage on the petrol pipe lines happens. A real time sensing and response electronic circuit is implemented to fulfill this task .The system design is programmable (i.e intelligent) and hence the electronic actions established in the design can be modified easily. An electronic interface circuit is deigned to be connected to the (FPGA).The task of the electronic interface circuit is to acquire data from the sensors installed on the petrol pipe line and to give commands to the electronic and electrical devices to stop the pumping operation and to close the petrol pipe line immediately. Many electrically controlled pipe closing valves are to be installed along the pipe line. These electronic closing valves are remotely controlled by the embedded system based on the (FPGA).

 

Keywords : FPGA , VHDL , ASIC , PLD , embedded system , petrol pumping , petrol pipe line , interface circuit , smart sensors.

[1] Volnei A. Pedroni, Circuit Design with VHDL, MIT press, Massachusts,2004.
[2] Peng Zhang, Industrial Control Tecnology,William Andrew, N. Y., 2008.
[3] ISE Simulator (ISim), UG682(v1.0), 2009.
[4] Deming.C, Jason.C, and Peichan. P, ― FPGA Design Automation: A Survey‖, now Publishers In, (2006).
[5] Stephen .B and Zvonko.V,‖Fundamental of Digital logic with VHDL Design‖,McGrow Hil,(2005)

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Energy potential from treatment of wastes in São Luís- Brazil
Country	::	Brazil
Authors	::	Fatima A. Morais Lino || Kamal Abdel Radi Ismail
Page No.	::	31-41
	::	0.4/3021-05133141
		3021-0501-0341

Collection and treatment of urban solid waste and domestic sewage are essential sanitary services for the population, but in many countries as Brazil these services are defficient. In São Luís-MA, municipality with more than one million inhabitants are generated about 414 thousands ton/year of municipal solid waste and about 190 million cubic meters of domestic sewage per day. Their collection and treatment have been one of the biggest challenges for municipal administrators. This paper proposes techniques for treatment of municipal solid waste and domestic sewage with energy recovery and minimization of environmental impacts by recycling, biodigestion and incineration. The results show that reuse of 10% of the potential of recyclables can annually generate financial gains of R$ 6 million/year (US$ 2,7 million); the landfill biogas when converted to electricity can be enough for 5.5 thousand homes while MSW is incinerated it can produce electricity sufficient for 24% of the residences of the city. Both biogas of sewage and heat of incineration can generate energy sufficient for 3% of the homes in the municipality. The treated wastewater is sufficient for 45% of the homes in São Luis which has a deficit of 41.7% of homes without to treated water.

 

Keywords: domestic sewage, emissions, energy, municipal solid waste, wastewater

[1] IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Projeção população brasileira: abril de 2014. Available at: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/

[2] F A M Lino, Proposta de aproveitamento do potencial energético do resíduo sólido urbano e do esgoto doméstico com minimização dos impactos ambientais, Doctorate Thesis, State University of Campinas, BR, 2014.

[3] P J Reddy, Municipal solid waste management: processing, energy recovery, global examples, BS Publications, India, 2011.

[4] F R Spellman, Handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operations Lewis Publishers CRC Press Company, 2003.

[5] WHO/UNICEF. Progress on sanitation and drinking-water, Update World Health Organization and UNICEF, France, 2013

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Adoption of Statistical Techniques in Automation Process of physiological parameters
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Bhamidi Rama || I.V. Subba Reddy || Dr. K.Vijayalakshmi
Page No.	::	42-47
	::	0.4/3021-05134247
		3021-0501-0347

Senior citizens have to make frequent visits to their doctor to get their vital signs measured. The objective of this work is to design and implement a reliable system that can be used on regular basis to monitor the vital signs and obtain the readings on the LCD and also on doctor's mobile. This work specifically deals with signal conditioning and data acquisition of measurement of temperature and pulse rate. Temperature is measured using LM 35 by placing it on the surface of the body and pulse rate using pulse sensor. This information is processed and displayed on the LCD and also sent to the doctor using GSM. Statistical techniques like correlation, regression, t –test and F-test are applied for comparing the readings taken by the doctor and this system. This work is useful for old people at home, in ambulance and at remote health centre's where the availability of doctor is always not possible. The theory, design procedures, experimental results and discussions of these systems are presented.

 

Keywords: Vital signs, Signal conditioning, LM 35, Statistical techniques, Comparing, Doctor, System.

[1] Subhani SK.N , Satish G.N.V ,Implementation of GSM based heart rate and temperature monitoring system, Research general of engineering sciences, ISSN 2278-9472, vol.2(3), 43-45,April 2013.

[2] Yadav Satyendra Satyanarayan,Yadav Raghvendra Satyanarayan ,Intelligent wireless emergency alert system for patient monitoring using AT89S52 microcontroller.International Journel of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol.2, issue 4, April 2013.

[3] S.Josephine Selvarani, Online Health Monitoring System using Zigbee.International Journel on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE).

[4] Vipin Gupta,Kunal Mourya ,Design & Development of Anti spoofing based measurement of Heart rate ,Temperature &Blood oxygen level using low cost microcontroller. International Journel on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE).ISSN 2277-1956.

[5] Chaya Khandelwal S. and Manish Patil M., Implementation of Patient Monitoring System Using GSM Technology, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Technology ,4(1) 18-24 (2013) ISSN 0976 – 6464.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Wireless Secured Remote Control System Expansion
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Elsanosy M. Elamin || , Murtada Mohamed Abdelwahab || , Dr. AbdelrasoulJabar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	48-51
	::	0.4/3021-05134851
		3021-0501-0351

The wireless secured remote control system can be directly controls the devices through eight data lines from data register in PC via DB25 connector [1]. The paper shows how to expand the data lines up to more than eight lines. The system is principally structured into hardware and software to show that the independent interface of more devices requires dependant software to drive the relevant devices. The hardware grouped into wireless network, PC, interfaced circuits, and controlled devices.The usage of wireless network provides the system with user mobility while performing the control processes in addition to the ease of maintenance and other important issues.

 

Keyword:CDMA, HCF4555B, PC,mobile, controlled devices.

[1] Elsanosy M. Elamin, Abdilrasoul J. Alzubaidi, "Mobile based multi-devices secured control system", International journal of computational engineering research, 3(11), 2013, 28-32.
[2] Elsanosy M. Elamin, Abdilrasoul J. Alzubaidi, " Secured Remote Switching DC Motors ", IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), 3(12), 2013, 07-10.
[3] C. K. Das, M. Sanaullah, H. M. G.Sarower, M. M. Hassan, Development of a cell phone based remote control system: an effective switching system for controlling home and office appliances, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Sciences IJECS 9(10), 2008.
[4] Ganiyu R. A., Arulogun O. T., Okediran O. O, Development Of A Microcontroller-Based Traffic Light System For Road Intersection Control, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 3(5), May 2014, 200-212.
[5] STMicroelectronics, HCF4555B datasheet, Italy, 2001.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Relationship between axial forces and cost of pad and pile foot-ings and comparison with the help of mathematical models
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Onkar V. Sapate || , Satish H. Sathawane
Page No.	::	52-55
	::	0.4/3021-05135255
		3021-0501-0355

Footing element in structures plays very important role. Different types of footing are used in struc-ture with respect to axial forces, nature of soil, earthquake zone, locality, etc. In this project, pad and pile footing in a residential building are mainly considered by considering two different models. It is very important to study the effect of these two in the structure according to the axial forces. To study the effect on costing as we replace the regular footing i.e. pad footing by pile footing, analysis is done. We take two RCC building with G+ 4 storey and analyze them with Staad-Pro assuming the same soil and other conditions. Manual design of all the footings in both cases is also done. Cost difference of two footings is also observed. Inter relations are obtained between axial forces and approximate cost of pad and pile footings. Mathematical models are developed for having ap-proximate cost of one type of footing from another.

 

Keywords: - axial forces, costing, mathematical models, pad and pile footing

[1] M.M. Eslamia, A. Aminikhahb, M.M. Ahmadib, "A comparative study on pile group and piled raft foun-dations (PRF) behavior under seismic loading‟, Comp. Meth. Civil Eng., Vol. 2, pp 185-199

[2] Asskar Janalizade Choobbasti, Meysam Saadati, Hamid Reza Tavakoli, "Seismic response of pile founda-tions in liquefiable soil: parametric study‟, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Volume 5, Issue 6, pp 1307-131

[3] Weiming Gong, Guoliang Dai, Haowen Zhang ,"Experimental study on pile-end post-grouting piles for super large bridge pile foundations‟, Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China Volume 3, Issue 2 , pp 228-233

[4] Indian Standard Designation, IS 456-2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete -Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards

[5] Indian Standard Designation, IS 2911, Pile Footing-Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standard

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Solar Parabolic Dish Cooker for Rural African Setting
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Manukaji John
Page No.	::	56-65
	::	0.4/3021-05135665
		3021-0501-0365

Solar cooking does not involve the use of conventional fuels, which are very expensive to buy, transport, manage and causes a lot of environmental pollution. Solar cooking reduces deforestation, does not generate heat in the kitchen and does not blacken the cooking utensils used during cooking. Its use does not deplete the ozone layer and does not jeopardize future environment.It was therefore desirable to design and construct a solar cooker that uses an alternative source of energy that is renewable.The solar cooker designed and constructed comprises of two parts, the Parabolic dish Reflector and the tracking stand. On testing, it was able to boil 3kg of water contained in an aluminum pot in 20mins using an average solar intensity of 770W/m2. The cooker was also used to cook a blend of 1.7kg of water and 0.5kg of rice with condiments for an average time of 70mins. This fit comperedfavourably with conventional cookers that use conventional fuels and can act as a supplement. Its size can also be increased as desired.

[1] Bahadori K.N.(1976), Design of Solar Autoclave, Solar Energy Volume 18 no 6,
[2] Duffie J.A. and Bechman, W.A(1974), Solar energy thermal processes, John Wiley and Sons New York.
[3] Canivan, John, JC Solarhomes,(2008)Five Solar Thermal Principles
[4] Halacy Beth and Dan (1978): The Solar Cookery Book, Everything under the sun. n Peace Press Holman J.P,(1963). Heat transfer seventh Edition McGraw-Hill publishing company
[5] Howel, Banneret, Vliet (1985), Solar thermal Energy systems Analysis and Design. McGraw Hill

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	An Intelligent Health Care Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Ms. Shreelekha V. Samudralwar ||, Mr. Neeraj S. Sonkusale ||, Prof. Rushikesh T. Bankar
Page No.	::	66-69
	::	0.4/3021-05136669
		3021-0501-0369

This work presents an application of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) of random access with one-way transmission to the monitoring of hospital patients. In this project we will study a clustered wireless sensor network where sensors within each cluster forward the message to another cluster via cooperative communication techniques. In WSN, several architectures usually called network topologies are possible: star, cluster-tree and mesh. In different topologies, sensor nodes can act as simple data transmitters and receivers or routers working in a multi-hop fashion. Other wireless networks are not as energy constrained as WSNs, because they may be plugged into the mains supply or equipped with batteries that are rechargeable and replaceable. The nodes of the proposed wireless sensor network are created by using a combination of various sensors a CC2500 low power wireless radio.

 

Keywords - Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Smart System, Healthcare, Wireless Body Area Network.

[1] Stanislaw Rajba, Ph.D, Teresa Rajba, Ph.D,Pawel Raif, Ph.D,Mufti Mahmud, Ph.D, "Wireless Sensor Networks in Application to Patients Health Monitoring."2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Healthcare and e-health (CICARE).
[2] Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar, Mhammed Chraibi, Hamid Harroud, Mohammed Boulmalf, Mohammed Elkoutbi, Abdelilah Maach, "Modeling and Enforcing Security and Service Control Policies using FlexRFID Middleware."Science and Information Conference 2014 August 27-29, 2014 | London, UK.
[3] M. Amimian, and H. R. Naji, "A hospital health care monitoring system using wireless sensor networks," J Health Med Inform, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2013. Available: http://www.omicsonline.org/a-hospitalhealthcare- monitoring-system-using-wireless-sensor-networks-2157-7420.1000121.pdf.
[4] W. Yao, C. H. Chu, and Z. Li, "The use of RFID in healthcare: Benefits and barriers," IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technology and Applications (RFID-TA), Guangzhou, China, June 17-19, 2010.
[5] Y. Y. Ou, P. Y. Shih, Y. H. Chin, T. W. Kuan, J. F. Wang, and S. H. Shih, "Framework of ubiquitous healthcare system based on cloud computing for elderly living," Proceedings of International Conference on Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), Kaohsiung, Asia-Pacific, October 29 - November 1, 2013.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Design and implementation of a real-time remote measurement and monitoring of weather parameters system
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Tajedinn Abdelgawi Baker || , Abdelrasoul Jabar Kizar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	70-73
	::	0.4/3021-05137073
		3021-0501-0373

Development of an automated real-time remote measurement and monitoring of weather parameters system is presented .This work brings forward new programmable device for remote real-time measurement and monitoring of weather parameters. Three levels are included in the system: the microcontroller for information processing using atmega32 with a control program for real time measurement, processing and monitoring, GSM unit to provide wireless communication via cell phones for monitoring of weather parameters, with the aid of sensors (temperature, humidity, wind speed, pressure sensors). RF transmitter is used to collect and transmit data from field to the controller which includes RF receiver. The System operates in two modes: the first one is for real time transmitting of data through fixed time intervals, these intervals are set via key pad according to the user requirement and GSM sharing between the different sensors. A real time clock (RTC) is used for time adjustment. The second mode is used in case of regular collection of data as well as rain fall expectation, where the data is to be collected in regular intervals,. In this mode the user can exclaim the system about the weather parameters (temperature, humidity, dew point and rainfall) ,then the user will receive a real time feedback SMS explaining the weather conditions.

 

Keywords: - Microcontroller, weather station, RF, GSM, real time system, sensors , RTC .

[1] Design and implementation of a programmable remote controlled and monitored irrigation system Tajedinn abdelgawi Baker1, Abdelrasoul jabar kizar alzubaidi2 college of applied and industrial science , Bahri University, Sudan ,2 School of electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Sudan University of science and technology, Sudan,2014
[2] 144SC0811-BARO pressure sensor datasheet, http://www.sensortechnics.com/download/144s-pcb-005.pdf
[3] Campbell Scientific, Data loggers, Sensors and Weather stations, http://www.campbellsci.co.uk/
[4] Visala, Automatic weather stations, http://www.vaisala.com/en/products/ Prodata, Affordable automatic weather stations, http://www.weatherstations.co.uk/
[5] Design and Implementation of Weather Monitoring and Controlling System P.Susmitha,Dept. of ECM K L UNIVERSITY Guntur (Dt), India , G.Sowmyabala, Assistant Professor Dept. of ECM K L University, India International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 97– No.3, July 2014