Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	BMAP/BMSP/1 Queue with Randomly Varying Environment
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sandhya.R || , Sundar.V || , Rama.G || , Ramshankar.R || , Ramanarayanan.R
Page No.	::	01-12
	::	0.4/3021-05420112
	::	3021-0504-0212

This paper studies two stochastic batch Markovian arrival and batch Markovian service single server queue BMAP/BMSP/1 queue Models (A) and (B) with randomly varying k* distinct environments. The arrival process of the queue has matrix representation {Dmi : 0 ≤ m ≤ M} of order ki describing the BMAP and the service process has matrix representation {Sni : 0 ≤ n ≤ N} of order k′i describing the BMSP respectively in the environment i for 1 ≤ i ≤ k*. Whenever the environment changes from i to j the arrival BMAP and service BMSP change from the i version to the j version with the exception of the first remaining arrival time and first remaining service time in the new environment start as per stationary probability vector of j version of the BMAP and of j version of the BMSP respectively for 1 ≤ i, j ≤ k*. The queue system has infinite storing capacity and the state space is identified as five dimensional one to apply Neuts' matrix methods. In the environment i, the sizes of the arrivals and services are governed by the matrices Dmi and Sni, with respect to environment. The service process is stopped when the queue becomes empty and is started with initial probability vector of corresponding environment BMSP when the arrival occurs. Matrix partitioning method is used to study the models. In Model (A) the maximum of the arrival sizes is greater than the maximum of the service sizes and the infinitesimal generator is partitioned mostly as blocks of the sum of the products of BMAP arrival and BMSP service phases in the various environments times the maximum of the arrival sizes for analysis. In Model (B) the maximum of the arrival sizes is less than the maximum of the service sizes. The generator is partitioned mostly using blocks of the same sum-product of batch Markovian phases times the maximum of the service sizes. Block circulant matrix structure is noticed in the basic system generators. The stationary queue length probabilities, its expected values, its variances and probabilities of empty levels are derived for the two models using matrix methods. Numerical examples are presented for illustration.

 

Keywords: Batch Arrivals, Batch Services, Block Circulant Matrix, Neuts Matrix Methods, Phase Type Distribution

[1] Bini.D,Latouche.G,and-Meini.B, Numerical methods for structured Markov chains, Oxford Univ. Press, 2005.
[2] Chakravarthy.S.R and Neuts. M.F, Analysis of a multi-server queue model with MAP arrivals of special customers,SMPT,-Vol.43,2014,pp.79-95,
[3] Gaver, D., Jacobs, P., Latouche, G, Finite birth-and-death models in randomly changing environments. AAP.16,1984,pp.715–731
[4] Latouche.G, and Ramaswami.V, Introduction to Matrix Analytic Methods in Stochastic Modeling, SIAM. Philadelphia.1998

[5] Neuts.M.F,Matrix-Geometric Solutions in Stochastic Models: An algorithmic Approach, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore,1981.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Review of III-V Based High Electron Mobility Transistors
Country	::	British
Authors	::	Jun Zhu
Page No.	::	14-17
	::	0.4/3021-05421417
	::	3021-0504-0217

In this paper we give a review of the High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). Limitation of the Silicon counterpart (MOSFET) and III-V predecessor (MESFET) are put forth as the motivations for the HEMT. Its basic working principles are presented using the AlGaAs/GaAs material system. A brief literature review of the early development of the device is given. More recent developments in the GaN material system and the MOSHEMT structure are also examined.

 

Keywords: -High Electron Mobility Transistor, two dimensional electron gas, modulation doping, triangular quantum well

[1] S. Oktyabrsky and P. Ye, Fundamentals of III-V Semiconductor MOSFETs, Springer, New York, 2010.
[2] L. Pang, Intrinsic Limits of Electron Mobility in Modulation-Doped AlGaN/GaN 2D Electron Gas by Phonon Scattering, Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 12, 2014, 1.
[3] M.Laviron,D.Delagebeaudeuf, P. Delescluse, P.Etienne,J.Chaplart, andN.T.Linh, Low noise normally on and normally off two‐dimensional electron gas field‐effect transistors,Appl.Phys.Lett.,40,1982,530.

[4] J. X. Li, C. Fan, J. R. Lian, Y. D. Zheng, Investigation into the Energy Band Diagram and Charge Distribution in AlGaN/GaN Double Heterostructures by Self-Consistent Poisson–Schrödinger Calculations, Chinese Physics Letters, 22, 2005, 454.

[5] V. Umanskya, M. Heibluma, Y. Levinsona, J. Smetb, J. Nüblerb, and M. Doleva, MBE growth of ultra-low disorder 2DEG with mobility exceeding 35×106 cm2/V s, Journal of Crystal Growth, 311, 2009, 1658–1661.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Numerical Study on MHD Flow And Heat Transfer With The Effect Of Microrotational Parameter In The Porous Medium
Country	::	Bangladesh
Authors	::	R.K.Mondal || , B. M. Jewel Rana || , R. Ahmed
Page No.	::	18-27
	::	0.4/3021-05421827
	::	3021-0504-0227

The numerical studies are performed to examine the Micropolar fluid flow past an infinite vertical plate. Finite difference technique is used as a tool for the numerical approach. The micropolar fluid behaviour on two- dimensional unsteady flow have been considered and its nonsimilar solution have been obtained. Nonsimilar equations of the corresponding momentum, angular momentum and continuity equations are derived by employing the usual transformation. The dimensionless nonsimilar equations for momentum, angular momentum and continuity equations are solved numerically by finite difference technique. The effects on the velocity, micro rotation and the spin gradient viscosity of the various important parameters entering into the problem separately are discussed with the help of graphs.

 

Keywords: Micropolar fluid, unsteady, Explicit finite difference method,Porous medium

[1] Eringen, A.C., (1966), Journal of Mathematical Mechanics,16,1
[2] Eringen, A.C., (1972), Journal of Mathematical Analysis Applied,38,480
[3] El-Arabawy,H.A.M.,(2003)., International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,46,1471
[4] Peddiesen,j., and McNitt,R.P., (1970),Recent Advanced Engineering Science,5,405
[5] Callahan,G.D. and Marner,W.J.(1976).Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer,19,165

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Applying The Analytical Hierarchy Process To Select The Transmission Lines Type In Telecoms
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Mohammed Tahseen Al Agha || ,Dr. Amin Babiker A/Nabi Mustafa
Page No.	::	28-35
	::	0.4/3021-05422835
	::	3021-0504-0235

In real life, many practical troubles occur in the volatile environments, particularly in cases involving human self-assessment. Decision making has always been a difficult process, based on various combinations of objectivity and subjectivity. Objectivity refers to scientific tools were used, while subjectivity is considered that decisions at the end are made by people, with their strengths and weaknesses. This paper represents a multi-criteria decision making in telecom companies to select the best suitable transmission lines. The technique will be used is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Six criteria were identified such as Installation cost, capacity, Security, immunity to noise, issue of latency, and distance for getting the best type of transmission lines among the three alternatives options which are fiber optic, VSAT, and microwaves under consideration.

 

Keywords: - Alternatives, Criteria, Decision making, Fiber optic, Transmission media, VSAT,

[1] William Stallings "DATA AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS", Pearson Education, Inc. Eighth Edition, , 2007
[2] Xiaojun Yang, Liaoliao Yan, and Luan Zeng, "How to handle uncertainties in AHP: The Cloud Delphi hierarchical analysis" Information Sciences: an International Journal, Volume 222, February, 2013.
[3] P. Kousalya, G. Mahender Reddy, S. Supraja, V. Shyam Prasad "Analytical Hierarchy Process approach an application of engineering education", mathematica Aeterna Vol. 2, 2012, No. 10, 861-878.

[4] L. Majid Zerafat Angiz, Adli Mustafa, Noraida Abdul Ghani & Anton Abdulbasah Kamil "Group Decision via Usage of Analytic Hierarchy Process and Preference Aggregation Method" Sains Malaysiana 41(3)(2012): 361–366.
[5] Doraid Dalalah *, Faris AL-Oqla, Mohammed Hayajneh, "Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Multi-Criteria Analysis of the Selection of Cranes" Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Volume 4, Number 5, November 2010

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Divide And Conquer Method For Arabic Character Recognition
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Nehad H A Hammad || , Mohammed Elhafiz
Page No.	::	36-41
	::	0.4/3021-05423641
	::	3021-0504-0241

Optical Characters Recognition (OCR) has been an active research area since the early days of computer science. Despite the age of the subject, it remains one of the most challenging and exciting areas of research in computer science. In recent years it has grown into a mature discipline, producing a huge body of work. Arabic character recognition has been one of the last major languages to receive attention. In this paper a new divide and conquer algorithm is proposed to recognize isolated handwritten Arabic characters using character's curve tracing and number of dots information. A robust connected component labeling algorithm were used to divide the characters into four groups. To overcome the problem of size and scaling the tangent direction is used as feature (Divide-and-conquer). Four neural networks (NN) were used to classify each groups.
The primary result is promising and outperform one neural network classifier.

 

Keywords: - Arabic Character Recognition, Resizing, Feature Extraction, Neural Network.

[1] Abdurazzag Ali ABURAS and Salem M. A. REHIEL ,(2007),"Off-line Omni-style Handwriting Arabic Character Recognition System Based on Wavelet Compression", International Islamic University Malaysia, Electrical and Computer Engineering, PP10, 50728, 53100.
[2] Haraty, R. and Ghaddar, C. Neuro-Classification for Handwritten Arabic Text. Proceedings ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications,2003.
[3] Amin, A. Recognition of Hand-Printed Characters Based on Structural Description and Inductive Logic Programming. Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 24, pp. 3187-3196, 2003.
[4] A. Alaei, P. Nagabhushan, U. Pal, "A new two-stage scheme for the recognition of Persian handwritten characters," in Proc. of 12th ICFHR, pp.130-135, 2010.
[5] A. A. Desai, "Gujarati handwritten numeral optical character reorganization through neural network," Pattern Recognition, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 2582-2589, July 2010.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The study for the calculation methods of the geological reserves of natural gas
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Wu Shaohua || , Liu Jiyu || , Jinxin || , Sunli
Page No.	::	42-47
	::	0.4/3021-05424247
	::	3021-0504-0247

There are many calculation methods of Natural gas geological reserves,such as volumetric method, analogy method, production decline method, material balance method, etc., The volumetric method is suitable for the different stages of exploration and development,with being applied more widely than other methods. This paper takes S0 group of lamadian oilfield for example to taik about how to determine original gas area, effective thickness, average effective porosity, initial gas saturation. In the end, to apply the the formula of volume method to calculate the region natural gas geological reserves.

 

Keywords： - Gas bearing area; Effective thickness; The original gas saturation; Volumetric method; Geological reserves

[1] The National Standardization Committee. Oil and gas resources / reserves classification [S]. 2004, 10.

[2] The National Standardization Committee. Natural gas reservoir classification [S]. 2012, 1.

[3] Sun Yongan, He Junxiang. The Fan Dehua's derived parameters of state equation [J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Teachers College for Nationalities(Natural Science Edition), 1995,02:173-177.

[4] Yang Chuandong. Gas production engineering [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1997:8-34.

[5] Yang Tongyou. The calculation method of oil and natural gas reserves [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1990:1-10

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Development status of threshold pressure gradient in china
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Liang Wang ||, Haifeng Cheng ||, Xiaodong Fu ||, Yuechao Teng ||, Fengqi Wang
Page No.	::	48-54
	::	0.4/3021-05424854
	::	3021-0504-0254

The threshold pressure gradient brights lots of difficulties to the development of oil field, after analyzing a large number of documents, the article summarizes a variety of research methods to measure it and the influence to threshold pressure gradient with fluid and reservoir. And then the article takes a overview about the problem when the threshold pressure gradient is researched. Simultaneously, several applications about threshold pressure gradient are introduced in terms of oil production, and propose the outlook on it at last. To further study threshold pressure gradient lays a foundation.

 

Keywords: Low-permeability reservoir; Threshold pressure gradient; Non-Darcy flow

[1] Hongen Dou, Shiying Ma, Chunyou Zou, Shangli Yao. Correct understanding to threshold pressure gradient in low and ultra-low permeability reservoir[J]. Scientia Sinica(Terrae), 2014, 08:1751-1760.
[2] Gorbunov AT. (Shubao Zhang translates). Beijing: Petroleum industry press, 1987, 181.
[3] Chengyuan Lü, Jian Wang, Zhigang Sun. An experimental study on starting pressure gradient of fluids flow in low permeability sandstone porous media[J]. PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 2002, 29( 2) : 86 －89.
[4] Fan Wu. Experimental condition optimization of threshold pressure gradient of core[J]. Henan Petroleum, 2006（05）
[5] Aifen Li, Min Liu. Experimental Study on threshold pressure gradient of oil-water two-phase seepage in low permeability reservoirs[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2010(11)

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Volcanic rock facies prediction in Yingcheng Formation based on seismic attributes, Yingshan depression
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Yushuang Hu ||, Shiqin Zhang ||, Mingxue Zhang ||, Zhiming Zhang
Page No.	::	55-58
	::	0.4/3021-05425558
	::	3021-0504-0258

By using Shuangcheng city's high resolution seismic data, logging data, combining with the single well facies and al well phase division, application of coherence detection technology and waveform clustering seismic facies analysis technique, respectively, to identify the crater and proximal facies and far source group the main boundary and volcanic sedimentary facies, using square amplitude attributes, amplitude changes attributes refines facies boundary and facies type, and combining the core lithology and logging, seismic, single-well lithology profile data for validation, effective camp in shuangcheng city group volcanic rocks favorable area is forecasted.

 

Keywords: - Amplitude attribute, Seismic attributes, Seismic coherence, Volcanic facies, Waveform clustering

[1] Dong Guodong, Zhang qin, Zhu Xiaomin, Current status and problems of volcanic reservoir study: an example from the Lower Permian volcanic rock in Ke-Xia area of Junggar Basin, Oil Gas Geology, 33(4), 2012, 511-519.
[2] Fisher R V, Schmincke H U, P yroclastic rocks. (Heidelberg: Springer, 1984. 59-265).
[3] Liu Xiang, Xiang Tianyuan, Cenozoic volcanoes and pyroclastic deposits in Northeastern China resources and hazard, (Changchun: Jilin University Press, 1997. 1-8).
[4] Wang Pujun, Chi Yuan lin, Liu Wanzhu, Volcanic facies of the Songliao Basin: Classification, Charcteristics and reservoir significance, Journal of Jilin University Earth Science Edition, 33(4), 2003, 449-456.
[5] Chen Changle, Liu Yang, Liu Cai, Volcanic rock recognition by local seismic attribution, Global Geology, 30(4), 2011, 660-665.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Prediction of volcanic rock fracture in Yingcheng Formation, Songliao basin
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Zhiming Zhang ||, Mingxue Zhang ||, Yushuang Hu ||, Shiqin Zhang ||, Xiaoyu Yang ||, Ziqi Zhou
Page No.	::	59-64
	::	0.4/3021-05425964
	::	3021-0504-0264

With the feature of complex types, unbalanced regional distribution, lithology lateral change fast, compact physical, the exploration of volcanic rock reservoir is difficult. Affected by factors such as tectonic transformation, volcanic rock formation of epigenetic cracks can improve the permeability of volcanic rock conditions, modified volcanic rock class can become a good reservoir of oil and gas, formed fracture reservoir. This type of reservoir always reserves abundant oil and gas, has a broad prospect of exploration and development. In the study area, optimizing the properties of post-stack seismic data, coherence, ants and curvature attribute to predict fracture of yingshan area, found three groups fault zone with the trend of NNE, NE and nearly NS. Comparing the prediction results with drilling data, interpretation results, production data and FMI showed that the prediction result is good.

 

Keywords: ants; curvature; fracture prediction; volcano rock; Yingshan region

[1] Wei Sun, Yanchun Wang, Mei Li, et al. The detection of fractures in the volcanic reservoir with pre-stack seismic data [J].Geophysical and geochemical exploration, 34(2), 2010: 229-232. [2] E H Zhang, X W Guan, Y G Zhang. Support vector machine in volcanic reservoir forecast: East slope in Xujiaweizi depression [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54 (2), 2011:428-432.
[3] C J Jiang, X Y Feng. Seismic Inversion Approach on Volcanic Rock Reservoir Prediction [J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 28 (6), 2009:304-307.

[4] Q Jin, L Xu, C L Wan. Interactions between basalts and oil source rocks in rift basins: CO2 generation [J]. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 2007, 26:58-65.

[5] Zhichao Sun, Liguo Han, Gaocheng Feng. Prediction of volcanic rock fracture in Wichian Buri Formation, central Thailand [J]. JILIN Geology, 33 (1), 2014:78-82.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The mechanism and the status of coal-seam gas
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Linlin Li
Page No.	::	65-67
	::	0.4/3021-05426567
	::	3021-0504-0267

The development of oil and gas exploration and petroleum geology in the global transfer from the micro pore throat in oil and gas traps, continuous oil and gas gradually to the nano pore aggregation tendency. A large number of research literature, starting from the connotation of coal bed methane CBM, discussed the geological conditions for reservoir forming, as well as the influence of coal bed methane reservoir geological factors.

 

Key words: Coal-seam gas; The accumulation mechanism; Influence pattern

[1] Meng Zhaoping, Tian Yongdong, Li Guofu. The theory and method of coal bed Science Press, 2010.
[2] Zou Caineng, Tao Shizhen, Hou Lianhua, et al. The unconventional oil and gasgeology [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2011.
[3] Sun Maoyuan, Liu Yijun. New development of coalbed methane industry Chinese.Natural gas industry, 2008.3 (28): 4-9.
[4] Gayer R, Harris I.Coalbed methane and coal geology[M]. London: The Geological Society，1996:1－338．
[5] Malone P G, Lottman L K, Camp B S，et al．Aninvestigation of parameters affecting desorption rates of warrior basin coals[A]. Proceedings of International Coalbed Methane Symposium[C]. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama, 1989: 35．