Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Applicability of image processing for evaluation of surface roughness
Country	::	Egypt
Authors	::	Omar Monir Koura
Page No.	::	01-08
	::	0.4/3021-05520108
	::	3021-0505-0208

Application of image processes is gaining greater potential nowadays particularly in automated manufacturing and in metrology world. It is a technique that has been claimed to be fast and reliable. One of the applications in engineering is the assessment of surface roughness. This application may be considered to be important as it deals with results their order of magnitude is the micron. Thus, in applying the technique of image processing to assess the surface roughness several parameters that is expected to affect the reliability and accuracy must be considered. This paper is not aimed at applying image processing to assess the surface roughness, but its main objective is to focus on the effects of some parameters such as the properties of the digital camera represented by its pixels, the relative setting of the camera with respect to the measured surfaces, the light intensity and the conditions of capturing the image such as shutter speed on the consistency of the results and to its reliability. The results show that the repeatability, reliability and accuracy of the resulted data depended to a great extent on such parameters. Variation of the results reached 33% in several cases. Artificial Neural Network was applied to determine the correlation between the results.

 

Keywords: - Image parameters, Image processing, Surface roughness, Gray scale, Artificial Neural Network.

[1]. http://www.surfaceroughnesstester.com/surfaceroughnessparameters.html.
[2]. B. Dhanasekar, N. Krishna Mohan, Basanta Bhaduri, B. Ramamoorthy, "Evaluation of surface roughness based on monochromatic speckle correlation using image processing", Precision Engineering, V32, 2008, pp 196 – 206
[3]. S. Palani & U. Natarajan, "Prediction of surface roughness in CNC end milling by machine vision system using artificial neural network based on 2D Fourier transform", International Journal of advanced technology, 2011, 54, pp1033-1042
[4]. Mohan Kumar Balasundaram and Mani Maran Ratnam, "In-Process Measurement of Surface Roughness using Machine Vision with Sub-Pixel Edge Detection in Finish Turning", International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Vol 15, No. 11, pp2239-2249
[5]. Gürcan Samtaş, "Measurement and evaluation of surface roughness based on optic system using image processing and artificial neural network", International Journal of advanced technology, 2014, 73, pp353-362

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Comparison of residual stress in equal matching and undermatching weld joints of the high strength steel thick plate
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Xu Dongxia ||, Li Dayong ||, Yang Dongqing ||, Zhang Guangjun
Page No.	::	09-13
	::	0.4/3021-05520913
	::	3021-0505-0213

In this paper, numerical simulation by finite element software MARC was used to study the residual stress in equal matching and undermatching weld joints of the high strength steel thick plate. Equal matching weld selected ferritic welding consumables and the undermatching weld consisted of austenitic welding consumables. 3D finite element model of thermal-force coupling was developed and the distribution of residual stress in equal matching and undermatching weld was acquired. The simulation results were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the equivalent stress and longitudinal stress in undermatching weld joint are significantly smaller than those in equal matching weld joint, two transverse stresses are not very different. The stress maximum in equal matching case occurs in the weld and heat affected zone, and stress maximum in undermatching case appears only in the heat affected zone.

 

Keywords: - equal matching weld, undermatching weld, residual stress, numerical simulation

[1] Fang Hongyuan. Welding structure. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press (in Chinese),2008.
[2] Leggatt R H. Residual stresses in welded structures [J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2008, 85:144-151.
[3] Xu G , Burdekin F M. Effects of residual stresses on constrain and fracture behavior of wide plates [J]. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1998,454:2505-2528.
[4] Deb P, Challenger K D, Therrien A E. Structure-property correlation of submerged-arc and gas-metal-arc weldments in HY-100 steel[J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1991, 18(6): 987-999.
[5] Duane K. Miller, P.E. Use Undermatching Weld Metal Where Advantageous. Welding Innovation Vol. XIV, NO.1,1997.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Polyaniline-coated electrodes for detection of dissolved oxygen levels in solution
Country	::	Vietnam
Authors	::	Thien Dien TO ||, Tung Son Vinh NGUYEN ||, Tien Van TRAN ||, An Duy NGUYEN ||, Ngan Nguyen LE ||, Tin Chanh Duc DOAN ||, Chien Mau DANG
Page No.	::	14-22
	::	0.4/3021-05521422
	::	3021-0505-0222

Emeraldine Base Polyaniline (EB-PANI), Emeraldine Salt Polyaniline (ES-PANI) and Leuco Emeraldine Base Polyaniline (LEB-PANI) were studied for detection of different dissolved oxygen levels in solutions. Optical properties of the polyaniline forms were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. To identify oxygen sensitivity of the PANI films, cyclic voltametry (CV) measurements were performed with the PANI films drop-casted on working platinum electrodes. Electrolyte solution in the CV measurements was based on phosphate buffer with salinity of 20‰ and pH 7.3. Pure nitrogen and oxygen gases were used to change oxygen levels that were monitored by a commercial dissolved oxygen probe. CV measurements showed the variations of current in corresponding to different oxygen concentrations. The correlation of the current and dissolved oxygen levels was also determined. The results exhibited the possibility of using LEB-PANI as sensing electrodes for detection of low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture farming.

 

Keywords: cyclic voltametry, dissolved oxygen detection, leucoemeraldine base polyaniline, oxidation doping, polyaniline

[1]. YSI. The dissolved oxygen handbook: A practical guide to dissolved oxygen measurements. www.ysi.com/weknowdo, 2009.
[2]. Song, D.H.; Kim, H.D.; Kim, K.C. Dissolved oxygen concentration field measurement in micro-scale water flows using ptoep/ps film sensor. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 50, 2012, 74-81.
[3]. Lee, S.; Ibey, B.L.; Coté, G.L.; Pishko, M.V. Measurement of ph and dissolved oxygen within cell culture media using a hydrogel microarray sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 128, 2008, 388-398.
[4]. Eminaga, Y.; Brischwein, M.; Wiest, J.; Clauss, J.; Becker, S.; Wolf, B. Self calibration of a planar dissolved oxygen sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 177, 2013, 785-791.
[5]. Chou, T.C.; Ng, K.M.; Wang, S.H. Gold-solid polymer electrolyte sensor for detecting dissolved oxygen in water. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 66, 2000, 184-186.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Prospects of Material Flow Management in Waste Control and Energy Generation in Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	A.O. Igbozulike ||, and A.K. Aremu
Page No.	::	23-29
	::	0.4/3021-05522329
	::	3021-0505-0229

Human activities appear to end up in waste generation, either directly or indirectly. These waste generated should not be wasted. Nigeria faces serious environmental challenge as a result of increasing population. In many Nigerian cities, pungent odour emanating from piled up waste along the streets fills the atmosphere. Besides, substantial land for agriculture has been claimed by open waste dumps. This work studies the problems of waste management in Nigeria, and the role of Material Flow Management (MFM) in tackling them. Waste classification, generation, disposal methods were discussed. The Nigeria's waste problems were also highlighted. Nigeria generates an estimated 6.03million tons of solid waste and 83.04million tons of fresh animal waste per annum. Considering this amount of waste, this paper posits that MFM should be integrated in all aspects of waste in Nigeria for sustainable management in the present and future, and strongly recommends biogas technology as one of MFM's technique that will boost energy generation through waste.

 

Keywords: Waste, material flow management, biogas, energy, Nigeria

[1] Adewole, A. T., Waste Management towards Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A case Study of Lagos State, International NGO Journal Vol. 4 (4), 2009, 173-179.

[2] Ogedengbe P. S., and Oyedele J. B., Effect of Waste Management on Property Values in Ibadan Nigeria, Journal of Land Use and Development Studies Vol. 2, No. 1, 2006.

[3] Ajadi B. S., and Tunde A. M., Spatial Variation in Solid Waste Composition and Management in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria J Hum Ecol, 32(2), 2010, 101-108..

[4] Babayemi, J. O., and Dauda, K. T., Evaluation of Solid Waste Generation, Categories and Disposal Options in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nigeria, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, Vol. 13(3), 2009, 83 – 88.

[5] Ita M., Waste- Is the Developing World Ready? Science in Africa, Africa's First On-line Science Magazine, Science Magazine for Africa, MERCK. 2003.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Study Of Compressive Strength Characteristics Of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks Partially Replaced By Saw Dust Ash
Country	::	Abroad
Authors	::	O.C. Popoola ||, S.T. Ayegbokiki ||, And Gambo M.D
Page No.	::	30-34
	::	0.4/3021-05523034
	::	3021-0505-0234

The high cost of conventional Building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in Nigeria. This has necessitated research into alternative materials of construction. This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on the use of Saw Dust Ash(SDA) as partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) in sandcrete hollow blocks, in order to determine the optimum quantity of SDA in percentage by weight of OPC, so as to effectively reduce the cost of Building production. The percentage of SDA is in gradation of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, two mix ratios (1:6 and 1:8) were used, and the blocks produced were tested for Density and Compressive strength. The results of the tests showed that as the percentage of SDA increased, Density and Compressive strength decreased. At 28days the Compressive strength of blocks with 10% SDA replacement are 2.2N/mm2 and 2.0N/mm 2 which satisfy the requirement. specified by the National Building Code (2006). It was concluded that up to 10% SDA replacement can be used for non-load bearing walls for 1:8 mix at 28days curing age. Also, up to 10% replacement for 1:6 mix can be used for load and non-load bearing walls.

 

Keyword: Sawdust Ash, Compressive Strength, Density

[1]. Adegoke, C. O., and Ijagbemi, C.O., (2006), "Effect of Sawdust Addition on Thermal and Physical Properties of Ikere - Ekiti and Ikeji –Arakeji Clay Blends", Ife Journal of Technology, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1 -10

[2]. America Society for Testing Materials 618 (1978), Specification for pozzolanas, Philadelphia.

[3]. British Standard Institution (2000), Cement – Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements. BS EN 197: Part1, London, British Standard Institution

[4]. Emmanuel, A.O., (2008), "The Effect of Wood Ash and Sawdust Admixtures on the Engineering Properties of a Burnt Laterite – Clay Brick", Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 6, 1042 – 1048.

[5]. Fajobi, A. B., and Adewumi, I. K., (2006)," Optimisation of Sawdust Ash Stabilization of Adobe Bricks", Ife Journal of Technology, Vol. 15, No 2, 57-61.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Method of precisely extracting sandwich angle in point bar ——three point method
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Xu Fangzhe ||, Ma Shizhong
Page No.	::	35-41
	::	0.4/3021-05523541
	::	3021-0505-0241

In fluvial strata, point bar sand body oiliness best, multiple lateral accretion internal distributes. In the late stage of oilfield development, the residual oil is mainly distributed in the point bar sand body. Interlayer distribution in point bar is an important factor that affects the residual oil distribution, clear interlayer spatial distribution characteristics, is the focus of current research. Dissection inclination can be read directly from the core data,when lack of core data, through a variety of methods to calculate the angle, including wide-depth method, convex abandon surface method, subwells method, etc. After reliable verification, three point method is the most accurate.

 

Keywords： - Point bar；Architectural structure；Three point method；Lateral accretion

[1] Church M.Pattern of instability in a wandering gravel bed channel.In:Collinson J D,Lewin J(eds).Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems[A].Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists[C].6,Blackwell,Oxford,1983.169-180.

[2] Carson M A.The meandering-braided river threshold:areappraisal[J].Journal of Hydrology 1984,73:315-334.

[3] Nanson G C,Croke J C,Agenetic classification of floodplains[J].Geomorphology,1992,4:459-486.

[4] Yan Baiquan.Architecture of Meandeing River Point Par，The Displacement Experiment and Analyse of Residual Oil[D]. Northeast Petroleum University,2007.

[5] FAN Guangjuan，MA Shizhong.Fine Study of the Sedimentary Microfacies of Single Sandbody in Xing Twelve Area of Daqing Oilfield: Taking Important Sedimentary Time Units of Putaohua Oil-bearing Layer as an Example[J].Science Technology and Engineering.2011,07:1535-1539.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Vehicle Speed Control Equipped with Special Combinations, Brake System and Safe Distance Measurements
Country	::	Jordan
Authors	::	Salameh A. Sawalha
Page No.	::	42-51
	::	0.4/3021-05524251
	::	3021-0505-0251

It is a system that aims to control vehicle‟s speed in accordance with the street and road speed limit. The system finds out the whereabouts of the vehicle then it identifies the allowed speed for that particular place. After this, it starts decreasing the speed gradually until it reaches the desirable limit. When the vehicle runs, The GPS finds the location of the vehicle then it sends the longitude and the latitude to the control unit to identify the speed limit of the street. If it has been found that the vehicle‟s speed exceeds the limit, a signal will be sent to the brake system to reduce the speed until it drops to the limits. One of the most important characteristics of the system that it senses the distances between two vehicles by (Ultrasonic sensor) allowing a certain distance between them which is in correspondent to their speed and that results in non- occurrence of accidents and crashes. All of which is done without exceeding the speed limit of streets. If the system fails for any malfunction, a warning message containing the number of the vehicle and information about it will be sent to the traffic department as a feedback. Keywords: Digital Brake, Vehicle Speed, Digital Retarders, Speed Control, Safe Distance, Special Combination Brake, Injectors.

[1] United Nations World Health Organization (WHO)," World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention", 2004, Geneva, Switzerland. [2 ] Dinesh Sethi, Francesca Racioppi and Francesco Mitis" Youth and road safety in Europe" ,Policy briefing, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, pages 45, Italy, 2007.
[3] Road traffic accidents in an urban area: linkage between municipal police data-base and routinely collected medical data to assess adverse health effects, health system activities and costs, Barchielli A, Balzi D, 2007. [4] Road Traffic Injuries in Saudi Arabia, and Its Impact on the Working Population, Mohamed A. Elshinnawey, Lamiaa E. Fiala, Mostafa A.F. Abbas*, Nabil Othman, 2008.
[5] Epidemiology of road traffic injuries in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia: Consistency of police and health Data, Issam Barrimah, Farid Midhet and Fawzi Sharaf,International Journal of health and Sciences(IJHS),Vol.6(1),pp31-41 Qassim university, 2012.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Modeling for the Sensor based Open System Application
Country	::	South Korea
Authors	::	Sang Young Lee
Page No.	::	52-56
	::	0.4/3021-05525256
	::	3021-0505-0256

Over a decade, Service-oriented architectures have seen an increasing interest of both academia and industry communities. This interest is associated with an enthusiasm of companies in different sectors and sizes for the adoption of this new paradigm due to its economic and technological benefits. SOA is a very effective response to the problems faced by companies in terms of reusability, interoperability and reduce coupling between systems that implement their information systems. This paper proposes a Modeling for Sensor Based Business Process Generation and Testing, and introduces its implementation in the BPEL. and we analyzes business process between enterprises, modeling the service-oriented business process with BPEL to realization level. Also, In this paper suggests that UML is used from high-level business problems to the process of low-level problem for Visual and effectively.

 

Keywords: - Business, Process, Sensor, Service-oriented architectures, System

[1] Baoan Li, Construction of Application Software for Enterprise Based on Semantic SOA and Component Oriented Technology, The 2009 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, Zhangjiajie, China, Vol. 4, 2009. 120-129.
[2] Maryam Razavian, Patricia Lago, A Survey of SOA Migration in Industry, ICSOC 2011, LNCS 7084, 2011, 618-626.
[3] A. Bucchiarone, C. Cappiello, E. Di Nitto, S. Gorlatch, D. Mailänder, and A. Metzger,. Design for self-adaptation in service-oriented systems in the cloud, in European Research Activities in Cloud Computing, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012.
[4] M. Sonntag and D. Karastoyanova, Compensation of Adapted Service Orchestration Logic in BPEL'n'Aspects, BPM 2011, 2011, 413-428.
[5] A. Metzger and C. Cassales Marquezan, Future Internet Apps: The next wave of adaptive service-oriented systems?, in Service Wave 2011, Springer, 2011.