Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Experimental Analysis of Pile Group Supported Columns
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Lakavath Ravinder ||, Hathiram G ||, and J.Srinivas
Page No.	::	01-07
	::	0.4/3021-05710107
	::	3021-0507-0107

This Paper presents the results of static load tests carried out on a model plane frame with plinth beam founded on pile groups embedded in the cohesion less soil (sand). The response of the structure considered include the displacements, rotations, shear forces and moments in the frame. Comparison of the interactive behavior from the experimental results has been made with the behavior from conventional method. Results revealed that the shear force and bending moment in the frame reduced considerably because of soil interaction. It is also found that, as the rigidity of the plinth beam reduces the shear force and bending moment values from the experimental results have shown considerable reduction. The response of the system from the conventional method of analysis is always on higher side irrespective of level of loading which emphasizes the need for consideration of building frame-pile foundation-soil interaction and reduction of rigidity of plinth beam.

 

Key Words / Phrases: Cohesion less Soil, Soil interaction, Plane building Frame, pile groups;

[1]. American petroleum Institute (1987), "Recommended practice for planning, designing, and constructing fixed offshore platforms", API Recommended Practice, 2A (RP-2A), 17th edition.
[2]. Dr. T.D. Gunneswara Rao and C. Ravi Kumar Reddy have done the experimental analysis of building frame pile foundation soil interaction in (2011).
[3]. Basarkar, S.S. and Dewaikar, D.M. (2005), "Development of load transfer model for socketted tubular piles", Proceedings of International Geotechnical Conference, St.Petersburg.
[4]. Butterfield, R. and Banerjee, P.K. (19710, "The problem of pile group and pile cap interaction", Geotechnique, 21(2), 135-142.
[5]. Baragohain, D.N., Raghavan, N. and Chandrasekaran, V.S. (1977), "Interaction of Frames with Pile Foundation", Proceedings of International Symposium on Soil-Structure Interaction, Roorkee, India, January.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of Sabkha Soil in Aziziyah Area, Khobar, KSA.
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Kamal M. Ali ||, Abdelazim Makki Ibrahim ||, Ibrahim Malik
Page No.	::	08-11
	::	0.4/3021-05710811
	::	3021-0507-0111

Al-Khobar is one of the important and fastest growing cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . It lies on the western shorelines of the Arabian Gulf , about few hundred kilometers to the west of the active fold-fault subduction zone of Zagros mountains in Iran . Sabkha soil , covering most parts of Aziziyah area in the southern portion of Al-Khobar city , is generally loose, saturated with sea water and consist mainly of fine, poorly graded sand to silty sand . This paper is intended to determine the potentiality of these soils to liquefaction which is considered as a major geotechnical hazard . Therefore , the liquefaction potential of sabkha soil in Aziziyah area, southern khobar was assessed following cyclic stress approach . Data from SPT tests conducted at sites was used in assessment . The factor of safety against liquefaction was plotted, for soil from existing surface till a depth of 25m . The results show that the soil in the upper 10m in most parts of sabkha has high susceptibility to liquefaction .

[1]. Fnais,M.S., A. Al-Amri and Kamal,A., Seismic Microzonation and Site Effect Response of Dammam and AlKhobar Cities, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, Project No. 08-SPA239-2, KASCT, 2012.
[2]. Seed, H. B. Idriss, I. M. and Arango, I. (1983) Evaluation of liquefaction potential using field performance data. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 3, (pp 458-482).
[3]. Seed, H. B. and Idriss, I. M. (1971) Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. SM9, (pp. 1249-1273).
[4]. Seed, H. B, Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L. F. and Chung, R. M. (1985) Influence of SPT procedures in soil liquefaction resistance evaluation. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering ASCE, Vol. 111, No. 12, (pp. 1425-1445).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Comparative and Optimized Study of MOOCs and Conventional EFL Teaching in College
Country	::	China
Authors	::	WEI Li
Page No.	::	12-15
	::	0.4/3021-05711215
	::	3021-0507-0115

The article firstly reviews the development tendency, the main characteristics, and the influences of international MOOCs. Then the author makes comparative study between MOOCs and conventional EFL teaching in college in terms of the number of being lectured, lecture time, leaning motive, learning time and space, learning subject, interactive mode, course design, course presentation, and course assessment. The focus of this article lies in providing two suggestions on optimizing these two teaching models: From Push to Pull; From Independent and Authoritative to Gathering and Interactive. To establish a hybrid EFL teaching model integrating the advantages of MOOCs into conventional EFL teaching is the common ideal shared by EFL teachers.

 

Keywords –MOOCs, EFL teaching, comparative study, optimized study, integration

[1] Downes, S., CCK08-The Distributed Course, The MOOC Guide, 9, 2013, 11.
[2] Su Fan, Luo Yan, Technological Myth or Educational Revolution: Impact of MOOCs on Higher Learning Education, Tsinghua Journal of Education, 4, 2013, 6-12.
[3] Lu Youquan, Education Is a Cooperative Art, Beijing: Beijing University Press, 2012.
[4] Ma Wulin, Hu Jiasheng, On the Impact of International MOOCs and Redesign of College English Curriculum, Computer-assisted Foreign Language Education, 3, 2014, 48-54.
[5] Chen Bingbing, MOOCs: Contribution and Dilemmas, Computer-assisted Foreign Language Education, 3, 2014, 38-43.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Oil and gas treatment technology after exploitation
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Xu lei ||, Lei Pengju
Page No.	::	16-18
	::	0.4/3021-05711618
	::	3021-0507-0118

Recent years, the global energy landscape is becoming more and more nervous , China's oil demand will continue to grow, China's oil refining industry is facing enormous challenges, Through extensive literature research, analysis of China's oil refining industry at present situation,elaborated the main oil refining technology, points out the main problems of China's refining at present, and proposed the conclusions.

 

Key words: Oil refining; Process and technology; Refining capacity; Environmental problems

[1] Liu Haiyan, in Jianning, Xiao Jun Bao. And the future development trends of world petroleum refining technology status. Journal of process engineering.2007.2 (7):176-185.

[2] Bai Yi. Refinery and ethylene industry development analysis (J). The chemical industry, 2009, 27 (6): 1-8.

[3] Liu Yang. Development of China's oil refining industry and its production process. Mechanical engineer, 2014 (5):59-62.

[4] Zhang Shirui, et al. Conventional refining process technology progress -- oil refining technology progress of (a). Petroleum Planning & Engineering 2009.9 (14): 6-10.

[5] Chen Huimin. Review and Prospect of world petroleum refining technology (1) in NPRA, 2001,, 8:1 ~ 7

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Experimental Study of the Acoustic Characteristics of Polymer Solution
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Zhang Qingguo ||, Li Zitong ||, Xing Xiaolin ||, Ding Xiaomei
Page No.	::	19-22
	::	0.4/3021-05711922
	::	3021-0507-0122

The technology of polymer flooding is a cost-effective method to enhance oil recovery. After polymer flooding, the characteristics of fluid and pore structure of the reservoir changed, due to high molecular weight, high concentration and high viscosity of the polymer, and resulting in the changing of the acoustic characteristics of the reservoir. Based on the experimental study of acoustic characteristics of the polymer solution, this paper concludes that the variation of the acoustic characteristics of the polymer solution and the effects of polymer solution for reservoir pore and fluid from four areas: density, acoustic velocity, acoustic impedance and apparent viscosity.

 

Key words:- polymer flooding, acoustic characteristics, pore space

[1] Ren Qiao. Log Interpretation Method for Water-flooded Layers after Polymer Flooding in Gudao Oilfield. PGRE. 2009, 16(2):64-66.
[2] Shi Jinping, Yang Qingyan, LIU Chengfen, et al. The Experiment on Influence of Polymer Solution Adsorption for Petro Physical Property [J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology. 2005, 27(1):224-227.
[3] Zhu Jian, Liu Weili, Li Xing, Liu Guiyang. Variations of Physical Property Parameters of Reservoirs after Polymer Flooding [J]. Geology and Recovery Efficiency. 2007, 14 (4):65-69.
[4] Jiao Cuihua, Yang Shaoxin, Wang Jun, et al. On the Impacts of Polymer on the Log Response Features in Zhong 1 Area'Gudao Oilfield [J]. Well Logging Technology. 2011, 35(4):314-318.
[5] Gao Jian, Hou Jiagen, Wang Jun, et al. Variation Mechanism of Petro Physical Property of Sandstone Reservoir after Polymer Flooding [J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science). 2009, 33(3):22-26.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Design and Performance analysis of Dynamic EDFA
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Anuja Dhokar ||, S.D.Deshmukh
Page No.	::	23-33
	::	0.4/3021-05712333
	::	3021-0507-0133

Design of a real time multichannel dynamic Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) Simulink model having flat gain and gain clamping ability on a MATLAB platform. The EDFA simulator design is based on one-dimensional nonlinear differential equation. The differential equation describes the time dependent population density. MATLAB function blocks are used to show gain flattening multiplexed channels at different wavelengths. To replicate the noise performance of EDFA that add noise dynamically at signal wavelength novel forward amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise blocks are designed. The performance characteristics of an EDFA has been studied in both C- band and L- band. Noise figure for different signal wavelengths are calculated based on the designed ASE generator. The novel design can be realized successfully as a test bed in the study of EDFA gain dynamics over the entire third optical communication bandwidth (1525 to 1690 nm) in signal amplification.

 

Keywords: - EDFA- Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier Simulator, ASE- Amplified Spontaneous Emission, WDM-Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Pp -Pump power.

[1] Bononi, A., and Rusch, L. A., "Doped fiber amplifier dynamics: a system perspective," Lightwave Technology, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 945-956, 1998.

[2] A.A.M. Saleh et al.,, "Modeling of gain in erbium doped fiber amplifiers." J. Lightwave technology 2(10). 714-717(1990).
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/optical_fiber.

[4] F.F.Ruhl "Implicit analytical solution for erbium doped fiber amplifier," Electron.Lett 28(5),465-466

[5] J. Burgmeier et al , "A black box model of EDFA's operating in WDM systems," J. Lightwave technology 16(7),1271-1275(1998).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Shape Optimization of Master Cylinder of Automotive Active Vacuum Suspended Power Brake
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Prof. K. Prahalada rao ||, KIRAN bolisetty
Page No.	::	34-38
	::	0.4/3021-05713438
	::	3021-0507-0138

Braking system is a means of converting momentum into heat energy by creating friction in the wheel brakes. The braking system which works with the help of hydraulic principles is known as hydraulic braking systems. The braking system used most frequently operates hydraulically, by pressure applied through a liquid. These are the foot operated brakes that the driver normally uses to slow or stop the car. Hydraulics is the use of a liquid under pressure force or motion, or to increase an applied force. Our special interest in hydraulics is related to the actions in automotive systems that result from pressure applied to a liquid. This is called hydraulic pressure. Since liquid is not compressible, it can transmit motion. A typical braking system includes two basic parts. These are the master cylinder with brake pedal and the wheel brake mechanism. The other parts are the connecting tubing, or brake lines, and the supporting arrangements. Braking action starts at the brake pedal. When the pedal is pushed down, brake fluid is sent from the master cylinder to the wheels. At the wheels, the fluid pushes brake shoes, or pads, against revolving drums or disks. The friction between the stationary shoes or pads and the revolving drums or disks slows and stops them.

 

Keywords: - component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words)

[1] Richard F. Waughtal, Automobile weight reduction using High performance plastics.

[2] http://www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST9_1_155.pdf

[3] George Fontes, H31 Booster rebuild & master cylinder, 1991 BMW 750iL, 2010

[4] Jeri S. Culp, Light weight brake system.

[5] C.J.Buynacek and W.L.Winterbottom, Aluminium master cylinders.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Experimental Study on Behavior of Bond Stress with Lab-Spliced FRP Bar
Country	::	South Korea
Authors	::	Seunghun Kim ||, and Seungwoung Ho
Page No.	::	39-42
	::	0.4/3021-05713942
	::	3021-0507-0142

This study performs an experimental works for estimation of bond strength of lap spliced FRP bars and deformed bars. Variables in this test with specimens of total 4 series planned are re-bar location, embedment length, covering depth, rebar diameter located at the bottom. From the experimental results, specimens with overlapping joints of CFRP bar and steel rebar showed that the different failure patterns depending on the ratio of embedment length and covering depth. In the design of overlap joints with different reinforcement, it should be a careful consideration of different stress transfer mechanism between each other.

 

Keywords: Bond stress, FRP bar, Lap splice, Splitting failure, Concrete

[1] ACI 440 Committee. Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bar (Farmington Hills, Mich., 2006)
[2] S. Ha, Flexural capacities of member reinforcing GFRP bars with lap-spliced length. Journal of the AIK, 27(3), 2011, 3-9.
[3] ACI Committee 318. Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-14) and commentary (Farmington Hills, Mich., 2014).
[4] Architectural Institute of Korea, Korean Building Code and Commentary (2012).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Investigating the transitional state between square plates and shallow shells
Country	::	Jordan
Authors	::	Mohamad Daoud ||, Moayyad Al-Nasra
Page No.	::	43-49
	::	0.4/3021-05714349
	::	3021-0507-0149

The stiffness of square plates can be increased by inducing a rise at the center of these plates; this rise converts the plates from two-dimensional stiffness elements into three-dimensional stiffness elements. This slight change in the geometry shifts the state of stresses from mainly bending stresses to tensile-compressive stresses. The rise at the center of a rectangular plate is increased gradually to the point where a shell element is formed. This paper focuses on this particular transition between the plate elements to the shell element which is called the transitional rise. Several finite element models were used to identify the transitional rise given fixed parameters. Stresses and deflections are also studied for each case. An optimized approach was used to minimize the cost and improve the serviceability of the structural elements. In this present study, numerous analyses were conducted using the finite element methodology on shell model. Finite element mesh was established for each different rise value starting from zero (plate). The rise is increased gradually to the point where shell stiffness becomes insensitive to the increase in the rise. An empirical relationship was established relating the transition state between plate and shell elements, and relevant geometrical parameters. Parametric study is also conducted using several loading cases.

 

Keywords: square shells, square plates, transition state, optimization, rise

[1] M. Al-Nasra, A. Najmi, I. Duweib, " Effective Use of Space Swimmer Bars in Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs", International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Research Technology, Vol. 2 No. 2, February 2013, ISSN: 2277-9655, 2013

[2] M. AL-Nasra, I. Duweib, A. Najmi, "The Use of Pyramid Swimmer Bars as Punching Shear Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs", Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2013, PP 75-80, DOI: 10.5923/J.JCE.20130302.02, March, 2013.

[3] Eduard Ventsel and Theodor Krauthammer, Thin Plates and Shells Theory, Analysis, and Applications (Marcel Dekker, Inc., ISBN: 0-8247-0575-0, 2001)

[4] Rudolph Sziland, Theory and Analysis of Plates, Classical and Numerical Methods (Prentice Hall 1974)

[5] SP Timoshenko and Woinowsky-Krieger K Theory of Plates and Shells (McGraw-Hill, 1959).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	ON PSEUDO SYMMETRIC LORENTZIAN KENMOTSU MANIFOLDS
Country	::	India
Authors	::	N. V. C. SHUKLA ||, Ram Asray VERMA
Page No.	::	50-60
	::	0.4/3021-05715060
	::	3021-0507-0160

The object of the present paper is to study pseudo symmetric and pseudo Ricci symmetric Lorentzian kenmotsu manifold and we also studied pseudo concircularly symmetric Lorentzian kenmotsu manifold and obtaind some interesting results

[1]. Arslan, K., Ezentas, R., Murathan, C., ..Ozg..ur, C, On pseudo Ricci symmetric manifolds. Balkan J. Geom. and Appl., 6(2001),15.
[2]. Blair, D. E., Contact manifolds in Riemannian geometry. Lecture Notes in Math.509, Springer-Verlag, 1976.
[3]. Cartan, E., Sur une classe remarquable d'espaces de Riemannian. Bull. Soc. Math. France, 54(1926),214264.
[4]. Chaki, M. C., On pseudo-symmetric manifolds. An. Sti. Ale Univ., "AL. I.CUZA" Din Iasi, 33(1987),5358.
[5]. Chaki, M. C., On pseudo Ricci symmetric manifolds. Bulgarian J. Physics, 15(1988),526531.