Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Source analysis of Putaohua reservoir in Gulongnan area
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Dai Xiaojuan ||, Shi Shangming
Page No.	::	01-04
	::	0.4/3021-05720104
	::	3021-0507-0204

The source analyses, which is to determine sediment source location and the nature as well as the process of moving path, which can also reflect the whole process of the basin structural evolution, is important analysis of basin evolution and restore the ancient environment of the basis. Gulongnan region is located in Daqing, Heilongjiang province, and it located in the central depression area in northern Songliao basin—southern of Gulong sag. The area is under the control of the system of multiple source, thereby dividing each source system control is of great significant to determine sedimentary microfacies types, sedimentary evolution and sedimentary microfacies distribution and predicting favorable facies belt development area .

 

Key words: The provenance analysis, Basin evolution, Sedimentary microfacies

[1] Wang Zhengjiang, Chen Hongde, Zhang Jingquan. The research and prospect in provenance analysis [J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2000, 20 (4): 104~110

[2] He Zhonghua, Liu Zhaojun，Zhang Feng. Latest progress of heavy mineral research in the basin analysis[ J].Geological Science and Technology Information, 2001, 20(4 ) : 29~32

[3] Liu Li, Hu Chunyan. Provenance significance of the main detrital composition in sandstone [J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography, 1991, 11(6): 48~53

[4] Zhao Hongge. Approaches and Prospects of Provenance Analysis [J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003.9, 21(3):410~411 [5] Xu Yajun, Du Yuansheng, Yang Jianghai .Prospects of Sediment Provenance Analysis [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2007.5, 26(3):27~28

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Establishment of a Well Logging Curves Normalization in Daqingzi Oilfield
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Qingguo Zhang ||, Gang Wang ||, Zhihua Guo
Page No.	::	05-09
	::	0.4/3021-05720509
	::	3021-0507-0209

After environmental correction, logging data still has the system deviation caused by different logging tools' calibration between logging suites and the factors of manipulate. In order to reduce the effect of not-geological factor to the logging data, according to the characteristics of the area, mainly using tendency surface analysis method, the correction method of combined with frequency of distribution histogram method and mean correction method as auxiliary to standard the logging data(taking sonic logging curve for example) of Putaohua Reservoir in the north of Jilin Daqingzi oilfield. Compared with the physical property of coring wells before and after the correction, the combined correction method can provide accurate basic data for log interpretation which is more suitable for the studied area than using either the frequency of distribution histogram method or the tendency surface method alone.

 

Keywords: - well logging normalization; tendency surface analysis method; frequency of distribution histogram; combined correction method

[1] Ji Z,Zhang Q G. The Method of The Standardization of Log Information in Z Block [J].Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology,2014,24（2）,191-194.
[2] Wang J W. The Method of The Standardization of Log Information in Daqing Placanticline [J].World Well Logging Technology,2011(2):16-18.
[3] Wang Z Z,Xiong Q Q. The Standardization of Log Information in Zaozhuang Field [J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,1994,18(6):26-29.
[4] Wang Z Z,Xiong Q Q. The Method and Routine of The Standardization of Log Information in Description of Reservoir [J].ell Logging Technology，1994,18( 6) :402-407..
[5] Wang Y Y,Sun L L.The Establish Procedures of The Standardization of Log Information about Trend Surface Analysis [J]. Petroleum Geophysics，2010,8(4) :5-8.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Determination of the Original Sedimentary Rhythm by Interpretation Unit Discrimination
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Quanhou Li ||, Jian Gao ||, Kai Shao
Page No.	::	10-16
	::	0.4/3021-05721016
	::	3021-0507-0216

This paper represents that the sedimentary rhythm is a primary factor to control the distribution of water flooded zones in the thick-layer sand. The electrical properties of layers in the same well are comparable and the water flooded level discrimination has more practical significance only in the same sedimentary rhythm. The stable mudstone barrier bed is adopted as the separable symbol for different interpretation units that are identified from well logging curve so that only one sedimentary rhythm is contained in each interpretation unit. The average slope angle of resistivity curve and relative center of gravity of density curve are adopted as discriminant parameters for identifying the original sedimentary rhythm by computer in each interpretation unit.

 

Keywords: original sedimentary rhythm; interpretation unit; level of water flooded; relative center of gravity; average slope angle; well logging

[1] Zhao Peihua,Logging Technology of Water-Flooded Layer in Oilfield Development.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[2] Hou Lianhua,Wang Jinghong,Liu Zerong,Evaluation of Water Flooded Interval Well Logging.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999.
[3] Ma Shizhong,Huang Xiaote,Zhang Taibin,Mathematic Method for Quantitative Automatic Iditification of Logging Micrefacies.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000.
[4] Yi Juefei,Automatic Geologic Zonation Using Activety Layering Method.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2007.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Geological modeling study of North NO.1 area off the west and west block
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Yaokai Shi ||, Huijian Wen ||, Xiaoqian Lu
Page No.	::	17-20
	::	0.4/3021-05721720
	::	3021-0507-0220

Daqing Oilfield has entered extra high water cut period, in the case of the North West, North Saertu Development Area beierxidong block has the water flooding and chemical flooding, history of wells is complicated, but the area still contains a large amount of residual oil. The main purpose of this stage is to develop and adjust the main purpose is to find the remaining oil, the remaining oil recovery. With the development of the computer, the petrel software is developed by the Schlumberger Corp, which can be easily and quickly to build three-dimensional geological model to quantitatively characterize the reservoir. Through the integrated use of geological, seismic and logging data, the establishment of structural model and attribute model, the fine description of reservoir space geological characteristics, development and adjustment of oil and gas reservoirs has important guiding significance, so as to further improve the recovery ratio of the residual oil.

 

Keywords: -3D geological modeling, stochastic modeling, structural model, sedimentary facies model and attribute model.

[1] Kaiyan Wang, Baiqiu Bao, Application of 3D Geological Modeling in Study on Western Block of North Second Area [J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2014, 43(8)1563.
[2] Lifeng Zhang, The application of object oriented technology in modeling of sedimentary progenitor [D].Daqing: Northeast Petroleum University, 2004:8-9.
[3] Shilei Ma, Application of petrel software in reservoir geological modeling. [J]. Ground water, 2013, 35(5):198-199.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Establishment of high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework of Putaohua Reservoir in Puxi Oil field
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Zhong Dan ||, Ma Shizhong
Page No.	::	21-24
	::	0.4/3021-05722124
	::	3021-0507-0224

In the background of shallow water delta front facies, the reservoir of study area is affected by the river and wave double force. The continuity of sand is poor. The difficulty of correlation presents many ways. Such as the lack of maker bed in Putaohua Reservoir, unconspicuous distinction of correlation, interferred by spin echo deposition of underwater distributary channel, the change in the pattern of stacked sands, the division of classes of base level cycle. Based on the principle of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the ways of correlation and using core data, analysis and test data, logging data, seismic data establish high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework, which is of great significance to guide the development and production of oil field.

 

Key words：Puxi oil field, Putaohua reservoir, High resolution sequence stratigraphy, Methods of stratigraphic correlation

[1] Deng Hongwen. Discussion on problems of applying high resolution sequence stratigraphy [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009, 05:471-480.

[2] Cong Lin.High resolution sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon accumulation model of Putaohua oil layer in the east of Sanzhao depression [D].Northeast Petroleum University, 2011.

[3] Liu Zongbao, Ma Shizhong, Sun Yu, Zhan Jingang, Lu Yanfang. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy division and depositional characteristics of Putaohua reservoir, Sanzhao Depression [J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 03:399-406.

[4] Establishment of high resolution isochronal stratigraphic framework of Fuyu oil bearing layer in Shuangcheng gas field. Science Technology and Engineering, 2011, 05:947-951.

[5] Zhao Hui, Ma Shizhong, Gan Liqing. Shuer area Dalinghe oillayer in Liaohe oil field sedimentary facies analysis [J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2012, 26:6772-6776.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Incorporation of Rice Husk Ash as Cement Replacement
Country	::	Pakistan
Authors	::	Muhammad Aleem ||, Istehsan-ur-Rahim ||, Umair Anwar Awan ||, Usman Afzal ||, Usman Haseeb
Page No.	::	25-30
	::	0.4/3021-05722530
	::	3021-0507-0230

Concrete is one of the important icon of construction industry. The use of concrete in construction industry intensified due to rapid development and research. After water, concrete is the second most frequently used material worldwide. The assimilation of waste material in concrete is very common from the last few decades, because of their technical tendency regarding environmental pollution and reduction of cost as well. During the production of cement, a large amount of carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) releases which effects the environment badly. This work is carried out by using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in concrete as a partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). RHA is a byproduct of farming scum. RHA contains a bulky amount of silicon dioxide. The pozzolanic reactivity of RHA boost to use it as a cementious material in concrete. OPC was replaced with RHA at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. Addition of RHA in concrete is a sustainable approach, it reduces the pollution and provides strength and reduces the cost as well. Tests were performed on fresh as well as hardened concrete after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing in water, Hydrochloric acid and in sulfuric acid. The value of compressive strength of incorporated sample is more as compared to controlled sample. Results indicates that the addition of RHA improves the properties of concrete which includes packing density. It increases the strength and durability of concrete in term of sulphate and chloride resistance.

 

Keywords: - Rice Husk Ash, Cementious, Compressive Strength, Ordinary Portland Cement, Pozzolanic

[1] Madhumita Sarangi S. Bhattacharyya and R. C. Behera Effect of temperature on morphology and phase transformations of Nano-crystalline silica obtained from rice husk, Phase Transitions 82: 5, 377 — 386
[2] Muga Helen, Development of Appropriate and Sustainable Construction material, Michigan Technological University, May 23, 2005
[3] Supplementary Cementing Materials, R. Siddique, M. Iqbal Khan page 232
[4] A. A. Ramezanianpour, M. Mahdi khani, Gh. Ahmadibeni ―The Effect of Rice Husk Ash on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Concretes‖ International Journal of Civil Engineering. Vol. 7, No. 2, June 2009
[5] METHA, P. K., Rice husk ash – a unique supplementary cementing material, in: V.M. Malhotra (Ed), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Advances in Concrete Technology. CANMET/ACI, Athens, Greece, May, 1992, pp. 407-430.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Mechanizing Ugu (Telfairia occidentalis) Production and Postharvest Operations
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Igbozulike, A. O.
Page No.	::	31-35
	::	0.4/3021-05723135
	::	3021-0507-0235

Telfairia occidentalis (ugu) is an important crop grown for its leaf vegetables and edible seeds. It ranks first among many consumed vegetables in Nigeria, and it brings good returns compared to other common tropical leafy vegetables (TLVs). Currently, producers are finding it difficult to expand their capacity due to the predominant traditional methods of its production and postharvest operations. It is found that the lack of engineering research input is responsible for non-mechanization of Telfairia occidentalis production and postharvest operations. Researchers have concentrated on the crop breeding, its dietetics, economics, and food science. In order to boost Telfairia occidentalis production and enhance its postharvest operations for the satisfaction of the local market all year round, and for possible export in the global market, the crop mechanization will have to replace the traditional methods. So, development of seed drill / planter, packaging and handling techniques for the pods, seeds and freshly harvested leaves, and designing of pods and seeds storage facilities become a necessity. However, the mechanization can only be achieved if engineering properties of both the pods and the seeds are determined to generate empirical data for design purposes. Besides, effective storage technique for the fresh leafy vegetables needs researchers' attention since the drying method currently in use shows great loss of pigmentation and valuable nutritious constituents.

 

Keywords: Telfairia occidentalis, ugu, mechanization, storage, leaf, seed, pod.

[1] Adams I. (2013). The health benefits of dark green leafy vegetables. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Lexington, KY, 40546; FCS3-567. http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/fcs3/fcs3567/fcs3567.pdf
[2] Adetunji, I. A. (1997). Effect of time interval between pod set and harvesting on the maturity and seed quality of fluted pumpkin, Experimental Agriculture, 33 (4): 449-457.
[3] Agatemor, C. (2006). Studies of selected physicochemical properties of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) seed oil and tropical almond (Terminalia catappia L.) seed oil. Pak. J. Nutr, 5(4), 306-307.
[4] Agbede J.O., Adegbenro M., Onibi G. E., Oboh C., and V. A. Aletor (2008). Nutritive evaluation of Telfairia occidentalis leaf protein concentrate in infants foods, African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 7(15), 2721-2727.
[5] Agbugba I. K., and D. Thompson (2015). Economic Study of Tropical Leafy Vegetables in South-East of Nigeria: The Case of Rural Women Farmers, American Journal of Agricultural Science. Vol. 2(2), 34-41

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Growth of Pseudomonas in polyurethane medium
Country	::	Morocco
Authors	::	Asmae NAKKABI ||, Najim ITTOBANE ||, Mohamed DARY ||, Encarnación MELLADO DURAN ||, Mohammed FAHIM
Page No.	::	36-40
	::	0.4/3021-05723640
	::	3021-0507-0240

Polyurethane is a material that can be found in many products that we use in our daily lives. They represent a class of polymers that have found a widespread use in the medical, automotive and industrial fields. Polyurethane is a general term used for a class of polymers derived from the condensation of polyisocyanates and polyalcohols. Polyurethanes are favorably characterized by their substantial tensile strength and high melting points which enables them to be extremely durable. They have proven to be excellent replacements of plastics because of their resistance to degradation by water, oils, and solvents. After years of production of polyurethane, manufacturers found them susceptible to degradation. There are many reports on the degradation of polyurethane by microorganisms, especially by fungi. Microbial degradation of polyurethane is thought to be mainly due to the hydrolysis of carbonyl bonds. The main objectives of this research are to investigate polyurethane (PUR) degradation by the bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri. In order to confirm that Pseudomonas stutzeri persist in the medium despite the high concentration of polymer, and the degradation process continues until the total disappearance of the polymer. Results were justified by Infrared spectroscopy.

 

Keywords: biodegradation, Pseudomonas stutzeri, polyurethane, infrared, Impranil DLN.

[1] Jonathan R et al. Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2011, 77, 60-76.
[2] Morton LHG, Surman SB Bio®lms in biodeterioration-a review. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 1994, 32: 203-221
[3] Shah, A. A. Hassan, F. Hameed.A. and Ahmed.S.. Biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review. Biotechnol. Adv. 2008, 26, 246–265.
[4] Kay, M. J., R. W. McCabe, and L. H. G. Morton. Chemical and physical changes occurring in polyester polyurethane during biodegradation. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 1993, 31, 209–225.
[5] Cosgrove, L., P. L. McGeechan, G. D. Robson, and P. S. Handley..Fungal communities associated with degradation of polyester polyurethane in soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007, 73:5817–5824.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Validity of Capital Asset Pricing Model (Substantiation from KARACHI STOCK MARKET)
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Dr. Nasrat A.Madah ||, Khurram Sultan
Page No.	::	41-49
	::	0.4/3021-05724149
	::	3021-0507-0249

Capital-Asset-Pricing-Model comprehensively tested , Either accepted or rejected of asset pricing models , This model came into exist in the era of late 1960 by its author having name William Sharp From that era (1960) this model is remained the function of text books as well as business school of Pakistan .CAP-Model shows that the expected return of securities or of portfolio has to be equal to the rate on free risk securities plus the risk premium. If the return on investment did not full fill or beat the return on investment then the investor should not be occupied the investment .Using this example we can compute the return on investment. This research paper used in framework of Pakistani institutions, and the period for his research paper is used from 2011 to 2014.The main aim of this research paper is to estimate the authenticity and the validity of an opinion. And size of the sample selected 30 companies from KARACHI STOCK EXCHANGE and applied the CAP-M and it is known that CAP-Model does not hold on KSE as our H1 is rejected and Ho is accepted in the light of results. The methodology adopted in this field is to calculation of beta via covariance and variance approach for the prediction of the required return, security price consequently underlying. Security price and estimation of risk is widely required for those people who invest in portfolio form. Hence it comes to know after this research CAP-Model does not hold on KSE market as from 120 observation only 9 observations supported to CAP-Model in line of minor difference where as on the other hand huge difference exist among expect and actual return . So CAP-Model does not fully convey the exact results but in a few years it expresses the most accurate results when used on certain breeds. When it is applied on KARACHI STOCK EXCHNAGE (KSE) with thirty companies CAPM does not fully hold on KSE. Key Words: CAP Model, KSE-100, Beta, Expected and actual returns.

[1]. Bjoorn and hordahel, (1998). Testing the conditional CAPM using multivariate GARCH-M. Journal of Applied Financial Economics, vol. 8, pp 377 - 388
[2]. Eatzzaz and Atteya, (2008). Testing Multifactor Capital Asset Pricing Model in Case of Pakistani Market. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol. 25, pp 114- 138
[3]. Eschenbech and Cohen, (2006). Which Interest Rate for Evaluating Projects. Engineering Management Journal, Vol. 18. No. 3, pp 280- 293
[4]. Faama and Freench (1996). CAPM wanted dead or alive. The journal of finance, Vol .51, No 5, pp147-58
[5]. Fraser and Hameilink, (2004). Time-varying betas and the cross-sectional return-risk relation: evidence from the UK. The European Journal of Finance, Vol. 10, No. 4 , pp 255- 276

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Dual Redundancy Can-Bus Controller Design
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Gujjula Swathi ||, B.Glory Grace Nissy
Page No.	::	50-55
	::	0.4/3021-05725055
	::	3021-0507-0255

At present, the technique of dual redundancy CAN-bus is mainly implemented by software, so that it has the disadvantages of low reliability and bad real-time performance. Built on the error handling rule in CAN specification version 2.0, a hardware redundancy management unit is creatively put forward in this paper. Based on FPGA, a kind of customized Dual Redundancy CAN-bus Controller (DRCC) is designed. By downloading the IP Core into a XILINX's SPARTAN-3 chip to test, it has been verified that the design could completely meet the requirement for high real-time performance and reliability, with a bright prospect for the future.

 

Keywords: - Dual Redundancy CAN-bus; Verilog; FPGA; IP Core

[1] Ma Xiaojun, Tong Jiarong, "Design and Implementation of A New FPGA Architecture," ASIC, 2003. Proceedings. 5th International Conference, Vol.2, pp.816-819, October 2003.
[2] Yu Zhu, Can and FPGA Communication Engineering: Implementation of a Can Bus Based Measurement System on an Fpga Development Kit, Diplomica Verlag, 2010.
[3] Philips Semiconductors. SJA1000 Standalone CAN controller. January 2000.
[4] Qing Jia, DeviceNet media redundancy㧘iCC 2005.
[5] Robert Bosch GmbH, CAN Specification Version 2.0, September 1991.