Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Symbolism as a Modernist Featurein a Passage to India
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Ahmad Jasim Mohammad ||, SuhairSaad Al-Deen
Page No.	::	01-04
	::	0.4/3021-05730104
	::	3021-0507-0304

A passage to India by E.M. Forster is a modern novel written in 1924. It describes the modern movement in that period, so we could say that each movement of the human beings has its own characterizations which recognize it from other periods. Forester's novel has its own features which recognize it from other ages in English literature. A Passage to India is one of the novels affected by Modernism which is the movement of that period. It influences the life style and literature. The main idea of the research is to show the reflection of modernist feature in a passage to India. The reflection of these features has shown through reading and analyzing the novel. It also sheds the light on symbolism, metaphor and personification as literary devices used by the novelist. It also focuses on how E.M Forster uses the modernist features in his novel. It also proves that Forster as a modernist novelist.

[1]. A passage to India by E. M. Forster.
[2]. E.M.Forster'sApassage to India, India by Rama Kunda 2007
[3]. E. M. Forster's A passage to India, India by Sunil Kumar Sarker 2007
[4]. E. M.Forster A passage to India New York: Harcourt Brace, 1984
[5]. A Passage to India: A Reader's Guide to Essential Criticism, Betty Jay 1998

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Study on the minor structures in Huangjindai Oil Field
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Qi Zhenru ||, Shi Shangming ||, Liu Xiaowen
Page No.	::	05-09
	::	0.4/3021-05730509
	::	3021-0507-0309

In order to achieve the development effect with high speed and high efficiency of the Huangjindai Oil Field, and the further refined interpretation on the reservoir , the paper directly draws the minor structure of the reservoir with the actual data of the top surface of the reservoir,and divides the types of the minor structures,and statisticals area slight relief structural features. In this paper, the total output is processed to get the average thickness of the annual cumulative output.At the same time, the initial investment and production data of the wells at different positions of the minor structures were statistically analyzed In this paper to illustrate the relationship between the minor structures and the production capacity of oil and gas. The results show: The cumulative production capacity of positive minor structure is higher. The cumulative production capacity of negative minor structure is lower. The cumulative production capacity of monoclinal minor structure is the middle. And in the positive and negative two kinds of structural types of small and medium - sized broken nose and small broken groove have a high cumulative production capacity. Finally come to that the micro structure of the Huangjindai oil field has obvious control effect on the oil well production capacity, and has a great influence on the distribution of oil and gas. In the vicinity of the fault, the fault sealing is favorable to the accumulation of oil and gas.

Keywords: Huangjindai Oil Field,Minor structure,Small broken nose,Small high spot

[1] Wang Qing,Jia Dong,Ma Pingang. Minor Structure Recognition Method and the Exploitation of Oil Field[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(1):65-67.

[2] He Yan,Yu Hong,Wu Niansheng. Effect of Minor Structure on the Distribution of Remaining Oil[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2000,22(1):24-26.

[3] BrownA R. Triaxiality Earthquake Exploration Explain [M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,1996.85-87.

[4] Wang Shiyan,Deng Yuzhen,Zhang Haina. Study on the Minor Structure of Continental Reservoir[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(6):79-80.

[5] Sun Jianmeng,Wang Yonggang. Integrated Application of Geophysical Data[M].Shandong: Petroleum University Press,2001.103-104.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Characteristic of Cracks in Tight Sandstone Reservoir
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Ming Yan ||, Yunfeng Zhang ||, Jie Gao ||, Ji Gao
Page No.	::	10-13
	::	0.4/3021-05731013
	::	3021-0507-0313

Cracks not only can be used as a good reservoir space, but also is the important reservoir seepage channel. Study area mainly has tectonic cracks, bedding cracks and diagenesis cracks. Tectonic crack is usually characterized by irregular serrated, wear layer and oblique development. Bedding cracks grow between two layers which have different lithology. Diagenesis cracks are controlled by diagenetic process, and it is usually micro cracks. Tectonic stress controlled the cracks plane and vertical distribution. Sedimentation determines the original composition and structure of the reservoir rock. Different sedimentary microfacies have different cracks development degree. Pressure cracks formed by the real pressure. Dissolution cracks formed by the dissolution.

 

Keywords: - Cracks; Tight sandstone reservoir; Controlling factors; Characteristic

[1] Shibin, Zang, Jun, Cui, Yongxian, Zheng, et al. Analysis of characteristics of low-permeable reservoir with micro-fracture and their origins of the Neogene Youshashan Formation in Nanyishan Oilfield, Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography. 2012, 14(1): 133-141.
[2] Mingqiang, Hao, Xiangui, Liu, Yongle, Hu, et al. Reservoir characteristics of micro-fractured ultra-low permeability reservoirs [J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA. 2007, 28(5): 93-98.
[3] Jun-xiang, NAN, Su-rong, WANG, Wei-hua YAO, et al. Micro-fractures in extra-low permeability reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin [J]. LITHOLOGIC RESERVOIRS. 2007, 19(4): 40-44.
[4] Xinfeng, N I, Haijun, YANG, Anjiang, SHEN, et al. Characteristics of Ordovician limestone fractures in the northern Tarim Basin and their controlling effects on karst reservoirs [J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA. 2010, 31(6): 933-940.
[5] Zhongyuan, Ma, Wei, Huang, Lidan, Ren, et al. Fracture Characteristics and Petroleum Geological Significance of Lianglitage Formation in Shunxi Area [J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition). 2014(02): 35-44.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Review on the modeling of oil and gas reservoir
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Ma Weiqi ||, Li Quanhou
Page No.	::	14-16
	::	0.4/3021-05731416
	::	3021-0507-0316

Reservoir geological modeling technology is a new technology developed in recent years. It is an important part of the description of the reservoir. It can realize the fine description and modeling of oil and gas reservoir, and quantitatively characterize and characterize the heterogeneity of reservoir, to study the uncertainty and investment risk in oil gas exploration and development. Reservoir modeling technology has a strong advantage in parameter estimation, reservoir heterogeneity, reservoir characteristics, and comprehensive utilization of various data. The technologies and methods of reservoir modeling can be divided into two categories: deterministic modeling and stochastic modeling, and the stochastic modeling technology is the developing direction of reservoir modeling technology. Points out the limitations of deterministic modeling and the advantages of stochastic modeling.

 

Key words: Reservoir modeling; Deterministic modeling; Stochastic modeling

[1]. 1 Hu Xiangyang, Xiong Qihua, Wu Shenghe. Reservoir modeling method research progress [J]. Journal of Petroleum University (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION), 2001,25 (1): 107-112.
[2]. Li Gongquan, Chen Gongyang, Wu Dongsheng, et al. Spatial data mining technology in oil and gas reservoir modeling [J]. Journal of petroleum and natural gas (Jianghan Petroleum Institute), 2006,28 (4): 47-49.
[3]. Liu Zhenfeng, Hao Tianyao, Yang Changchun. Sedimentary model and reservoir stochastic modeling of [J]. geophysics progress, 2003,18 (3): 519-523.
[4]. Lei Qihong, Song Ziqi, Tan Chengqian. Reservoir description of the stochastic simulation method [J] . Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION), 2000,15 (1): 13-16.
[5]. Yin Xingyao, He Weisheng, Huang Xuri . Bayesian sequential Gauss simulation method [J] . Journal of Petroleum University (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION): 2005,29 (5): 28-3.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Bose-Einstein Condensation Controlled by (HOP+OLP) Trapping Potentials
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Noori.H.N. Al-Hashimi ||, Eman A.M. AL-Malki
Page No.	::	17-21
	::	0.4/3021-05731721
	::	3021-0507-0321

This work will focus on theoretical treatment of one-dimension harmonic oscillator trapping potential HOP applied along the x-axis together with an optical lattice trapping potential OLP applied along y-axis. These trapping potentialsare usually used in experiments that lead to produced Bose-Einstein condensation BEC in ultra-cold gases. This analysis will concentration mainly on the anisotropy parameter in HOPand q parameter in OLP, and the role that these factors play in term of values and shapes of the trapping potential, initial wave function, and final wave function. This specific study will give us the overall view of the region of confinement that the HOP and OLPhave employed. The study is extended to the chemical potential of the working fluid.

 

Keywords: Laser cooled atom, BEC atom, Trapping, Quantum Oscillator

[1]. Bloch, I.;"Quantum gases in optical lattices"; Phys. World , Vol. (17), PP25–29; (2004).
[2]. Fertig, C. D., O'Hara K. M.,Huckans J. H., Rolston S. L., Phillips W. D.,"Strongly inhibited transport of a degenerate 1D Bose gas in alattice"; Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 120403 (2005).
[3]. Laburthe-Tolra, B, O'Hara K. M., Huckans J. H., Phillips W. D., Rolston S. L., and Porto J.V.;"Observation of reduced three-body recombination in a correlated 1D degenerate Bose gas"; Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 190401 (2004).
[4]. Stoferle, T., Moritz, H., Schori, C., Kohl, M. &Esslinger, T.;"Transition from a strongly interacting 1D superfluid to a Mott insulator"; Phys. Rev. Lett. 92,130403 (2004).
[5]. Micheli, A., Daley, A. J., Jaksch, D. &Zoller, P. Single atom transistor in a 1Doptical lattice. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 140408 (2004)

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Boiler Blowdown Analysis In An Industrial Boiler
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Keerthi R Lekshmi ||, Vandana S Pillai
Page No.	::	22-28
	::	0.4/3021-05732228
	::	3021-0507-0328

In this paper boiler blow down analysis and energy savings study has been carried out in an industrial establishment. Steam boilers need to be blow down to control the level of TDS in the boiler water. Feed water with a relatively low TDS level then replaces the discharge boiler water. The objective of this paper is the blow down analysis of 33TPH water tube boiler in the plant and analyse the annual savings obtained from the simple payback calculation. By conducting separated case studies on TDS measurement calculation on boilers in KMML, the savings that could be achievable from corrected systems and operations in place considering the average TDS level. Since the system is being done manually without any actual online measurements, the boiler water TDS varies. Since the condensate recovery from the plant varies, and steam demand also leading to variation in requirement of blow down quantity.

 

Keywords: Boiler, Energy Savings, Boiler Blow down, TDS, Boiler Efficiency

[1]. Kerala Minerals And Metals Ltd, KMML, http://www.kmml.co.in/, January 10,2015
[2]. Bureau of Energy Efficiency Manual, Bureau of energy Efficiency, http://www.bee-india.nic.in/, November 24, 2014
[3]. Amit Kumar Jain "An Approach towards Efficient Operation of Boilers", International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research,(Volume 3, Issue 6, June-2012)
[4]. Energy Audit Report of KMML Ltd, Kollam for Steam Audit, March 2014

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Classification of fault condensed belt and faults development characteristics in Xingbei Region, Daqing placanticline
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Xiaoyu Wang
Page No.	::	29-33
	::	0.4/3021-05732933
	::	3021-0507-0333

Based on the northern Songliao Basin regional seismic interpretation, this paper analyses the faults geometry characteristics such as faults strike, faults density and scale, And further studied the faults profile shape and trans-formational properties, then inferred the stress field change during the faults evolution, and the repeated movement of faults. At last, as the basic of the faults geometry characteristics, this paper divided study area into some fault condensed belt and different direction of fault zones, stuty the relationgship between them, then find that the study area has experienced many times of stress change.

 

Keywords: - Faults; Geometry characteristics; Fault condensed belt; Fault zone

[1] Guang Fu, Pan Xue, Tongwen Sun, et al. Main controlling factors and models oil and gas accumulation and distribution in uplift area outside source rock: An example from Fuyu oil layer in Xingbei area, Songliao Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs. 2013, 25(5): 13-17.
[2] Tongwen Sun, Guang Fu, Fang Wang, et al. Control effect of transporting ridge in hydrocarbon accumulation in uplift area outside of source area: A case study of Fuyu oil layer in Xingbei Region, Daqing placanticline [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology). 2014, 45(12): 4308-4316..
[3] Yonghe Sun, Yibo Chen, Jigang Sun, et al. Evolutionary sequence of faults and the formation of inversion structural belts in the northern Songliao Basin [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(3): 275-283.
[4] Jiangong Wang, Tianqi Wang, Sujuan Liang, et al. Accident sedimentary of Putaohua Formation in the north of Songliao Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica. 2005, 26(6): 20-24.
[5] Junwen Cui, Xiaowei Zhang, Pengwu Li. The Altun Fault: Its Gometry, Nature and Mode of Growth [J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 2002, 23(6): 509-516.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Analysis Of Distribution And Effection Of Oil-Water
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Yue Fei
Page No.	::	34-39
	::	0.4/3021-05733439
	::	3021-0507-0339

Distribution of X oil field is complex in Chaoyanggou anticline, by using of two-divided and one-combination methods, analysis the oil-water distribution regularity with subdividing layer in vertical direction and subdividing fault block in horizontal direction, joining with structure map and sediment facies map. The result shows that the distribution of oil-water can be recognized as three kinds. First kind is that oil and water are existent in same layer and same fault block, the oil is higher than water. This is normal oil-water distribution as structural reservoir. Second kind is that water is higher than oil in different fault block in same layer. Third kind is that water is higher than oil in same fault block in same layer. Under studying, the fault and sediment facies and source rock are three key elements which effect the complex distribution of oil-water. The distribution result is used to new well drilling; the pay-layer--encountered rate is become higher than old one's, this application get good result.

 

Key words: distribution of oil-water, fault, sediment facies, source rock

[1]. Rong Zhao, Shujiu Qi . Chaoyanggou oilfield Fuyu reservoir oil source and migration path simulation [J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2011,11 (8): 1776 - 1779.
[2]. Yanping Guo. Chaochang regional Fuyang reservoir hydrocarbon accumulation pattern and controlling factors [J]. Oil and Gas Technology, 2010,32 (5): 171 - 174.
[3]. Zhaonian Chen, Yongzhuo Wang ,Xiaomin Wang . Chaochang area Songliao Basin Fuyu oil hydrocarbon migration patterns [J]. Block oil and gas fields, 2009,16 (6): 22-25. [4] Yin Daiyin, Zhang Qiang. Chaoyanggou oilfield block 55 toward infill study [J]. Block oil and gas fields, 2009,16 (2): 70-72.
主体河道非主体河道决口扇
Analysis Of Distribution And Effection Of Oil-Water
International organization of Scientific Research 39 | P a g e
[4]. Yongli He , Yanpeng Shang,Lijun Wang. Match reasonable relationship haoyanggou Oilfield net and sand body [J]. Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2010,34 (2): 68 to 70.
[5]. Zhengchen Li ,Shumin Zhong ,Yongjun Yang. Chaochang area Fuyu oil reservoir classification and productivity prediction [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2013,28 (5): 2561 - 2564.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Oil and Water Layer identification by Dual-frequency Resistivity Logging
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Jian Gao ||, Kai Shao ||, Zhipeng Ma
Page No.	::	40-43
	::	0.4/3021-05734043
	::	3021-0507-0343

Rock electrical parameters (resistivity, dielectric constant) dispersion is one of important characteristics of rock,the logging with the rock resistivity dispersion characteristics developed - dual frequency resistivity logging method, is expected to improve and enhance the continental sedimentary strata oil-gas evaluation quality and ability. Dispersion characteristics of application of electrical parameter frequency for formation evaluation is the main feature of dual frequency resistivity logging. Dual frequency resistivity logging which has good adaptability for different lithology, porosity, different, different layers, different salinity can be inclusive, the coincidence of the interpretation of dual frequency resistivity logging for oil-water layer is very high, and it has the characteristics of simple, intuitive, high precision, high efficiency, low cost. This paper introduces the basic principle and the theoretical basis of double-frequency resistivity logging and the utilization coefficient of correction on the basis of the basic concept of logging,distinguish oil and water layer. With some wells through to Sue Jin Noel field experiments, trying to draw specific method to get the coefficient, the oil and water layer evaluation has achieved good results, proving the double-frequency resistivity logging method has good intuitiveness and accuracy for reservoir evaluation,so this well logging technology has a good application prospect.

 

Keywords: dual-frequency resistivity logging；dispersion phenomenon coefficient of orrection；geological application；the effect of the evaluation

[1]. Jianhao Yao. Double-frequency resistivity logging method applied research, oil equipment. 2008.
[2]. W.H.Pelton, W.R.SiU, B.D.Smith. Interpretation of Complex Resistivity and Dielectric Data.Geophysical Transactions. 1983.
[3]. Xusan Chen,Wenjie Zhao,Liufang Zhu. Complex resistivity logging method. Well logging technology,2001.
[4]. LishanHuang, ShengyeZhang, RongzhongJing. Study of the complex resistivity of rocks and ores model using physical simulation.International conference,2010.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Advances in Fan Deltaic Sedimentology
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Yuxi Cui ||, Chao Liang ||, Guonan Yu
Page No.	::	44-49
	::	0.4/3021-05734449
	::	3021-0507-0349

The advances about sedimentological study of fan deltas were reviewed based upon a great database of numerous research literatures at home and abroad， including 1)definition， classification and terminology; 2)lithofacies and sedimentary sequences characteristics; 3)depositional models and 4)research methodology. It is suggested that classifications for fan deltas should be more practical in their applications， the hydraulic and geomorphic parameters from modern delta front， and the most important rock characters from the ancient stratigraphic records should all be considered. The hydrodynamic principle should be involved in interpretation of the lithofacies of fan deltas. More studies are needed to analyze the controlling effects of tectonic movement， climatic vibration， sea/lake level changes and depositional autocyclic processes on the formation of fan dealtaic depositional sequences. Fan delta models type may increase with time and newmethods such as flume experiment，computerized forward modeling and geostatistic stochastic simulation may be used more frequently infan delta sedimentological research in the future.

 

Keywords: fan delta; sedimentary model; classification; lithofacies; sedimentary sequence

[1]. Gu Jiayu. Sedimentation of ancient fan deltas in eastern China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1984, 5 (3): 236-245.
[2]. Li Congxian, Chen Gang, Wang Chuanguang, et al. On the Luanheriver alluvial fan delta complex[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1984, 5(4): 27-36.
[3]. Wang Shouqing. Sedimentary facies and models of fan delta in Shuanghe[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1986, 7(3): 22-30.
[4]. Li Yingxian. Early Oligocene fan deltas in Liaohe rift[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1982, 9(4): 17-23.
[5]. Nemec W, Steel R J. Convenor's address: what is a fan delta andhow do we recognize it? Nemec W, Steel R J. Fan deltas: sedimentology and tectonic settings. London: Blackie and Son， 1988: 23-49.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Genetic Analysis of Low Resistivity Reservoir
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Gang Wang ||, Kai Shao ||, Yuxi Cui
Page No.	::	50-52
	::	0.4/3021-05735052
	::	3021-0507-0352

With the improve of development and research in the Oilfield, many Oilfields were found to have lots of Low Resistivity Reservoir . there are two definitions for the low resistivity reservoir:For The first one ,Low Resistivity Reservoir is the oil reservoir which the rate of resistance augment is Less than 2, for The second one ,Low Resistivity Reservoir is the oil reservoir which the Resistivity of the oil reservoir is Less than the Reservoir Resistivity in the same Oilfield. In fact the second definition is based on the first definition . So the first definition is a more general significance.

 

Keywords: Low Resistivity Reservoir; water saturation; pore structure.

[1]. Archie G E. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics. Trans, AIME, 1942, 146: 54—62
[2]. Waxman M H, Smits L J M. Electrical conductivities in oil-bearing shaly sands. SPEJ, 1968, 8(2): 107—122
[3]. Clavier C, Coates G, Dumanoir J. The theoretical and experimental bases for the "dual water" model for interpretation of shaly sands. SPE 6859, 1977. 1—27.
[4]. Clavier C, Coates G, Dumanoir J. The theoretical and experimental bases for the dual-water model for interpretation of shaly sands. SPEJ, 1984, 24(2): 153—168
[5]. Silva L P, Bassioni Z. A shaly sand conductivity model based on variable equivalent counter-ion conductivity and dual water concepts. In: SPWLA 26th Annual Logging Symposium. Texas, 1985. 1—2.