Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Empirical Analysis of Characters of Board of Directors and Financial Performance of Oil Enterprises
Country	::	China
Authors	::	ZHANG Yan-ming ||, CHENG Ze-chuan ||, LIU Duo
Page No.	::	01-11
	::	0.4/3021-06130111
	::	3021-0601-0311

Owing to the oil enterprises have the mission of important energy development and energy supply, researching the influence of the characteristics of the board of directors and financial performance has a great important significance. 2007－2014 China's oil enterprises the annual and relevant report data of listed companies for oil industry in Shanghai and Shenzhen A shares are selected as research samples, describing the current situation of the characteristics of the board of directors and financial performance of oil enterprises. According to the theoretical analysis, putting forward the research hypothesis and analysing empirically the correlation and internal relation between the characteristics of the board of directors and financial performance of the oil enterprises. The results show that: the size of the board of directors and the directors shareholding ratio have a significant positive correlation with financial performance; the proportion of independent directors is negatively correlated with the financial performance, but the correlation is weak; the combination of general manager and chairman of the board was significant negatively correlated with financial performance; the frequency of the board of directors meetings is positively correlated with financial performance, but the correlation is weak. According to the analysis results, some suggestions are proposed to perfect the system of board of directors and finally to improve corporate financial performance.

 

Key words: oil enterprises; the characters of the board of directors; financial performance; correlation analysis

[1] Shi Dalin. Equity concentration, the relationship between the board characteristics and corporate performance study [J]. Journal of northeast university of finance and economics, 2014 (91):28-33.

[2] Gong Huifeng. Characteristics of the board of directors of the listed companies and corporate performance empirical study [J], business research, 2011(10):56-62.

[3] Chen Lufei. Gem board characteristics and corporate performance empirical research [J]. Journal of hainan finance, 2012(8): 59-63. [4] April, Klein, Audit. Committee board of director characteristics and earnings management[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economic, 2002 (8):378-400.

[5] Zhang Xingliang. Characteristics of the board of directors of the listed companies and corporate performance [J]. Journal of accounting, 2012(2) : 59-61.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Reservoir productivity evaluation reliable technology research
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Liu Jiyu ||, Shi Dan ||, Ren Jieping ||, Xing Tianhui ||, Li Yang
Page No.	::	12-15
	::	0.4/3021-06131215
	::	3021-0601-0315

If the stable oil production capacity estimates are too high, it will lead to the failure of oilfield development and severe losses, estimated too low will result in the petroleum resources and exploration investment backlog and waste. Therefore, the establishment of establish a set of reasonable productivity evaluation and prediction method of selecting development block and ensure development benefit is very important, for next exploration of similar reserves is a necessary evaluation parameters.

 

Key words: Productivity evaluation; Oilfield development; Optimal block; Reserve exploration

[1] Zhou Haimin, Ma Qian. Nanpu Sag north Fort area of igneous rock storage layer characteristics [J]. Petroleum and natural gas geology, 2003, 24 (1): 36 - 38.

[2] Xiao Shangbin, Jiang Zaixing. Classification study of igneous reservoirs [J]. experimental petroleum geology, 1999, 21 (4):324 ~ 327

[3] Xin Pei Zhang, Deng Hongwen, Zhang Ji Chang. Volcanic rock reservoir layer characteristics and favorable reservoir prediction in the UEFA a yellow area set in Liaohe eastern depression [J]. Oil and gas geology, 2007, to 376. 28 (3):370

[4] Mao Fengming. Gaoyou sag in the forming period of diabase in the northern slope of determination and with oil, gas and water relationship [J]. Petroleum exploration and development, 2000, 27 (6): 19 ~ 20.

[5] Cao Yingchang, Jiang Zai Xing, Qiu Longwei. Igneous rock reservoir set space types and investigate the formation mechanism Huimin depression in Shandong province Shang 741 block [J]. Chinese Journal of rock, 1999, 15 (1):129 - 136.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Study on fine logging interpretation of complex formation water profile
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Ge Liang ||, Wang Yunzhuan ||, Chen Haitao ||, Pan Mingxi
Page No.	::	16-18
	::	0.4/3021-06131618
	::	3021-0601-0318

Wu Erhe Oilfield belongs to medium porosity, low permeability oil reservoir, and is intensively heterogeneous. The salinity of formation water is changeable, oil and water layers are difficult to identify. Reservoir petro physical property changes greatly, and the distribution of oil and water is complex. These have brought many difficulties to fine logging interpretation. In accordance with the changeableness of formation water resistivity, the resistivity is calculated by comprehensively using of multi methods on the basis of clear understanding of formation water distribution both laterally and vertically, and fine logging interpretation has been performed as a focal point. The improvement in logging interpretation accuracy of petro physical parameters like water saturation has provided reliable basic data for geological modeling and reserve calculation.

 

Key words: complex formation water profile; logging interpretation; formation water; distribution law; calculation; Wu Erhe Oilfield

[1] Yong Shihe Zhang, Chaomo. Integrated logging data processing and interpretation [M]. Beijing: petroleum industry press, 1996.
[2] Sun Lingfen, Qin Fei. Logging interpretation method of low salinity formation water complex profile study [J]. Journal of fault block oil and gas fields, 1999 (5) : 43 ~ 44.
[3] Huang Futang, Zou Xinfang. Main acids formation water research on influencing factors of reservoir property [J]. Journal of daqing petroleum geology and development, 1998 (3) : 13 ~ 16.
[4] Li Chaoliu, Li Guoping, Su Jianjie. The influence of formation water parameters of well logging interpretation study [J]. Journal of natural gas industry, 2000, 20 (1) : 41 ~ 44.

 

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Characteristics of Sedimentary Facies Distribution of Shen 161 Wellblock S32Ⅰ Oil Group
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Sun Tianyi ||, Qi Dongyan ||, Zhao Chengdong
Page No.	::	19-24
	::	0.4/3021-06131924
	::	3021-0601-0324

Shen 161 Wellblock is now in the middle and later periods of the development, whose purpose is to improve the recovery efficiency. The single well data were used to identify the different sedimentary microfacies and their distribution roughly. Then, the theory seismic attribute technology was used to analysis the characteristics of different sedimentary microfacies' distributions, the scope and boundary of the development area were determined. Guided by the phase-controlled theory, the sedimentary characteristics were learned in the article. There are underwater distributary channel, sand sheet, mouth bar, distributary bay between four kinds of microfacies in the work area, and the first two are the most widely development, are also the enrichment area of the sand body, likely to be the favorable reservoir.

 

Keyword: Shen 161 wellblock; sedimentary microfacies; seismic attribute

[1] Liang Quanwu. Fine Reservoir Description of S 150 and S 161 Fault Block in Liaohe Oilfield[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum (East China), 2009.
[2] Wei Jia. How far do we come to quantitative interpretation? PEG, 2006, 29(6): 433～437.
[3] Wei Jia, Zhu Wenbin, Zhu Hailong, Xu Leiming, Chen Wei. Seismic sedimentology: A new idea for seismic interpretation and new tool for sedimentological studies[J]. PEG, 2008, 31(2): 95～101.
[4] Pan Yuanlin. Oil geological and geophysical comprehensive exploration[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1998.
[5] He Bizhu, Zhou Jie, Wang Gonghuai. Using multiple seismic attributes to predict reservoir information. OGP, 2003, 38(3): 258～262.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The method of evaluating the sealing ability of caprock
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Zhang Qingyong
Page No.	::	25-28
	::	0.4/3021-06132528
	::	3021-0601-0328

The thickness is the most direct parameter to evaluate the sealing capability of caprock. The percent of clay in the segment of caprock is an important parameter for the sealing ability in the case of the same thickness. In order to study the sealing ability more comprehensive, the damage of caprock caused by faults in the movement in the geology period has been considered. After deep study of sealing ability of caprock which is destroyed by faults, we find that the displacement pressure is the most effective parameter in controlling the sealing ability of caprock. In order to meet the requirement of the reality work of geology exploration, summing up the thickness of the caprock, the clay percent in the segment of caprock, the damage situation of caprock caused by faults movement and the displacement pressure in the stage of caprock is needed, and we get the comprehensive evaluation parameter of the sealing ability of caprock after that. The comprehensive evaluation parameter can reflect the sealing ability of capraock more exactly.

 

Key words: mudstone caprock, the thickness of caprock, clay content in the caprock, match between fault and caprock, displacement pressure, comprehensive evaluation

[1] Fu Guang, Xu Feng-Ming. Quantitative Research On Controlling Of Thickness To Seal Abilities Of Caprock [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2003,03:186-190.

[2] Dong Gong-Xin. Matching Between Faults And Caprocks And Its Controlling To Oil-Gas Accumulation And Distributing In Fangzheng Depression [J]. Science Technology And Engineering, 2014,25:177-182+186. [3] Lv Yan-Fang Et Al. Research Of Quantitative Relations Between Sealing Ability And Thickness Of Caprock [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2000,02:27-30+4.

[4] Fu Guang, Li Na, Hu Ming. Gas Sealing Limit Of Faulted Thickness Of Caprock And Its Controlling Effect On Gas Distribution: An Example From Xujiaweizi Depression Of Songliao Basin [J]. Natura Gas Geoscience, 2014,25(7):971-979.

[5] Fu Guang, Chen Zhangming, Jiang Zhenxue. Research Method On Capillary Sealing Ability Of Caprocks [J]. China Offshore Oil And Gas( Geology), 1995,02:7-12.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Prediction technique of formation pressure
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Wu Shangxin
Page No.	::	29-34
	::	0.4/3021-06132934
	::	3021-0601-0334

Formation pressure is the basic data of oil exploration, development, design and construction, accurate prediction and control of formation pressure play a very important role in petroleum exploration and development, especially, it has great engineering value and economic significance to make accurate prediction of abnormal pressure layer.In this paper, a method of predicting formation pressure based on well logging data and seismic data is introduced.

 

Key word: pore pressure; well logging; seismic; abnormal pressure

[1] How to use well logging interval transit time curve to compute formation pressure. Wang yadong. Mud LoggingEngineering, 2005, 16(4): 59～61.

[2] Study on Logging Seismic Constraint Inversion to Predict StrataPressure in Mining Block. Zhang kai, Zou guangui. Coal Engineering, 2013, 12(5).

[3] Discussions on the traditional pore pressure evaluation methods by using well logging. Fan honghai. Petroleum Exploration and Development. 2003, 30(4):72~74.

[4] Difference of formation and evolution of overpressure of K1qn1 mudstone east and west of Daqing placanticline. Fu guang. 2008,32(5):1~4.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Quantitative study of Shahejie Formation sandstone carrier connectivity of the Wen'an slope in Baxian Sag
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Deng Wei ||, Su Bilin ||, Jiang Haiyan
Page No.	::	35-39
	::	0.4/3021-06133539
	::	3021-0601-0339

The sandstone of Shahejie (Es2) Formation in Wen'an slope area of Baxian Sag is the research object, using the oil pressure data of the development well to compare the adjacent wells, to determine the connectivity built in sandstone transporting. According to the relationship between the ratio of the sand and sandstone carrier connectivity, establishes a mathematical model to determine the probability of sandstone carrier connectivity, and by using this model, the Shahejie of Wen'an slope sandstone transporting layer can be quantitative characterization. Research shows, when ratio of the sand less than 23%, between the sand body is not connected; when the ratio of the sand is greater than 23%, sandstone carrier connectivity probability with sandy increased with the increase of the ratio becomes larger, when more than 50%, sand body fully connected. This study can provide the basis of reservoir characteristics for the oil and gas reservoir in Wen'an slope area, and also is the foundation to carry out oil and gas migration path.

 

Keywords: sandstone carrier, connectivity, quantitative characterization, Wen'an, Baxian Sag

[1] Allen J R L. Studies in fluviatile sedimentation: an exploratory quantitative model for the architecture of avulsion-controlled alluvial suites[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1978, 21(2): 129- 147.

[2] Qiu Y N, Pei H X, Jing S X. Fluvial sandstone bodies as hydrocarbon reservoirs in lake basins [M] //Ethridge F G, Flores RM, Harvey M D. Recent developments in fluvial sedimentology: special publication 39.Tulsa Oklahoma: SEPM, 1987: 329-342.

[3] King P R. The connectivity and conductivity of overlapping sand bodies[M]//Buller A T. North Sea oil and gas reservoirs II, London: Graham&Trotman, 1990: 353-358.

[4] Luo Xiaorong, Lei Yuhong, Zhang Likuan et al. Characterization of carrier formation for hydrocarbon migration: concepts and approaches[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(2): 428-436.

[5] Jin Qiang, Wang Weifeng, Liu Zerong, et al. Establishment and application of geological reservoir modeling[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1995, 16(1): 32-37.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Application of Eclipse Numerical Simulation Technology in H Block
Country	::	China
Authors	::	LIU Wei ||, YIN Hong-jun ||, XU Zhi-tao ||, ZHAO Huan
Page No.	::	40-43
	::	0.4/3021-06134043
	::	3021-0601-0343

The J area of H oil field belongs to low permeability oilfield, in order to provide technical services for water flooding development plan optimization. According to the geological survey of H numerical simulation software, a numerical simulation is carried out on the block by ECLIPSE reservoir. According to the geological parameters, need to enter the reservoir model dynamic development data, established the three-dimensional geological model of phase control. Based on eclipse numerical simulation software team h block geological reserves and the small layer geological reserves were fitted, and combination of injection well and production well production dynamic data of water flooding history matching. According to the fitting results, we can see that the region's water content and oil production capacity and actual production dynamic data, compared with the control in the reasonable range of relative error. By reproducing the development course of reservoir, anglicizing h well zone development present situation, and finding the problems existed in the well area, lay a solid foundation in the later period of oilfield development adjustment scheme for the later development of a series of work do the preparatory work for the full and play a guide role for the future adjustment of oilfield development.

 

Key words: Oil deposit; Geologic reserve; Numerical simulation technology; History match;

[1] Hao Shangjing. Reservoir Numerical Simulation Technology Present Situation Analysis [J]. Inner Mongolia Petrochemical,2009,(1):136-137
[2] Guan Zhenlaing, Yang Qingjun, Duan Chenggang. Reservoir Numerical Simulation Technology Present Situation Analysis [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2000,19(1):73-76
[3] Chen Mingyue. Fundamentals of Numerical Reservoir Simulation [M]. Beijing: University of Petroleum Press,1989.
[4] Zhang Huiyong, etal. The Implementation of the Integrated Reservoir Description and Numerical Simulation Technology [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(2):196-198.
[5] Huang Shangjun, Yang Fan, Pan Juling, etal. Fine Reservoir Numerical Simulation Technology and Its Application [J]. Fault block oil﹠gas fields,2002,9(5):40-42.

 

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	WAVE Multi-Channel Allocation for Railroad Applications
Country	::	Korea
Authors	::	Ronny Yongho Kim
Page No.	::	44-50
	::	0.4/3021-06134450
	::	3021-0601-0350

In this paper, WAVE multi-channel allocation is proposed for railroad applications. In order to utilize WAVE in railroad applications, various Quality of Services (QoSs) of railroad traffics should be guaranteed. In order to provide QoS in WAVE, channel alternating operation is defined in the specification for single physical module WAVE device. In order to meet the QoS requirements of railroad traffics, multiple physical modules WAVE device should be used. However, in the standard WAVE, multi-channel allocation is not defined since channel allocation is dependent on countries' regulation and applications. In this paper, possible WAVE multi-channel allocation for railroad applications is proposed under the assumption of 7 WAVE channels. Since, depending on the number of physical modules, multi-channel allocation and channel usage should be designed properly, the proposed WAVE multi-channel allocation is per the number of physical modules. By using the proposed WAVE multi-channel allocation, proper WAVE multi-channel allocation depending on the number of physical modules can be selected.

 

Keywords: - IEEE 802.11p, ITS, Multi-channel, Railroad, WAVE

[1] ―IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,‖ IEEE Std 802.11-2012, 2012
[2] Mohamed M. Abo Ghazala, Mohamed F. Zaghloul, and Mohammed Zahra, ―Performance Evaluation of Multimedia Streams Over Wireless Computer Networks (WLANs),‖ International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 13, pp 63-76, December 2009
[3] Raja Hasyifah Raja Bongsu, Nazirah Abd. Hamid, Ahmad Nazari Mohd. Rose and Shamala Subramaniam, ―Enhanced Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Multihop Wireless LANs,‖ International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 49, pp 63-72, December 2012
[4] IEEE Std 1609.1-2006 - IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Resource Manager, 13 Oct 2006.
[5] IEEE Std 1609.2-2013 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments—Security Services for Applications and Management Messages, 26 Apr 2013.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Moisture Content and Thermal Analysis of Malaysia Biomass Waste
Country	::	Malaysia
Authors	::	Chong KokHing ||, Law PuongLing ||, Rigit Andrew Ragai Henry ||, Baini Rubiyah ||, Shanti Faridah Saleh
Page No.	::	51-57
	::	0.4/3021-06135157
	::	3021-0601-0357

Moisture content and thermal properties of the selected biomass, such as oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) and wood chips, were carried out with Binder drying oven and Shimadzu DTG-60H thermal analyser accordingly. The moisture content of the selected wood chips (16.2 ± 1.1 wt. %.) is higher than selected oil palm kernel shell (11.7 ± 0.1 wt. %). Both selected biomass undergo four distinguish stages; namely, drying, pyrolysis, gasification and combustion. The average pyrolysis temperature range for OPKS and wood chips samples are 183.33 – 300.00℃ and 116.67 – 260.00℃, respectively. The average gasification temperature range of OPKS and wood chips samples are 300.00 – 373.33℃ and 260.00 – 365.00℃, respectively. The average combustion temperature range of OPKS and wood chips samples are 373.33 – 900.00℃ and 365.00 – 900.00℃, respectively. The findings show that there may be an important implication in choosing an appropriate combustion treatment method with regards to biomass waste.

 

Keywords: - Combustion process, Oil palm kernel shell, Thermal property, Thermogravimetric analysis, Wood chips

[1] A. Demirbas, ―Potential applications of renewable energy sources, biomass combustion problems in boiler power systems and combustion related environmental issues,‖ Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 171–192, Jan. 2005. [2] M. Dogru, C. R. Howarth, G. Akay, B. Keskinler, and A. A. Malik, ―Gasification of hazelnut shells in a downdraft gasifier,‖ Energy, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 415–427, May 2002.

[3] A. Bauen, J. Woods, and R. Hailes, ―Bioelectricity Vision: Achieving 15% Electricity from Biomass in OECD Countries by 2020,‖ London, 2004.

[4] Mundi, ―Palm Oil Production by Country in 1000 MT,‖ 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?commodity=palm-oil&. [Accessed: 13-Mar-2014].

[5] S. M. Y. Kamaruzzan and Y. Baharuddin, ―Renewable energy - Resources and applications in Malaysia.‖ Pusat Tenaga Malaysia, Kajang, 2000.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Reliable WAVE Communication for Railroad Applications
Country	::	Korea
Authors	::	Ronny Yongho Kim
Page No.	::	58-63
	::	0.4/3021-06135863
	::	3021-0601-0363

In this paper, reliable WAVE communication method is proposed for railroad applications. In order for WAVE to be used for railroad applications, system reliability must be provided because railroad WAVE is very closely related to passenger safety. WAVE reliable communication has not been fully considered. In this paper, network configuration, protocol architecture, and WAVE communication protocol for reliable communication are proposed. Since WAVE channel allocation is dependent on nations' regulation, some countries may allocate redundant WAVE channel but some countries may not allocate redundant WAVE channel. Therefore, in this paper, both reliable WAVE communication protocol with one WAVE channel and with multiple WAVE channels are proposed. The proposed scheme can be utilized regardless of WAVE channel availability and the railroad WAVE system configuration can be very flexible due to the flexibility of the proposed protocol. The proposed architecture and protocol is not confined to railroad applications, typical Intelligent Transports System (ITS) is able to adopt the proposed scheme for reliability.

 

Keywords: - IEEE 802.11p, ITS, Multi-channel, Railroad, WAVE

[1] ―IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,‖ IEEE Std 802.11-2012, 2012
[2] Mohamed M. Abo Ghazala, Mohamed F. Zaghloul, and Mohammed Zahra, ―Performance Evaluation of Multimedia Streams Over Wireless Computer Networks (WLANs),‖ International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 13, pp 63-76, December 2009
[3] Raja Hasyifah Raja Bongsu, Nazirah Abd. Hamid, Ahmad Nazari Mohd. Rose and Shamala Subramaniam, ―Enhanced Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Multihop Wireless LANs,‖ International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 49, pp 63-72, December 2012
[4] IEEE Std 1609.1-2006 - IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Resource Manager, 13 Oct 2006.
[5] IEEE Std 1609.2-2013 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments—Security Services for Applications and Management Messages, 26 Apr 2013.