Methyl stearate is a biodiesel having cetane number much higher than the petrodieseland other biodiesels. The stearic acid is found in a numerous vegetable oilswhich can be converted to methyl stearate biodiesel by reactive distillation of stearic acid with methanol. In this work, different ways of increasing the yield of methyl stearate biodiesel have been studied using Aspen HYSYS. The yield of methyl stearate biodiesel is found to be in direct proportion to both temperature and pressure. At low temperature, high yield can be achieved by increasing the operating pressure. While performing reactive distillation at low pressure, increasing temperature favors high yield. A tray by tray analysis has been presented for understanding of the distillation behavior.A modelhas been developed for application of a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

Keywords: Aspen HYSYS, Methyl stearate biodiesel, Modeling, Reactive distillation, Stearic acid

[1] U. Rashid, F. Anwar, A. Jamil, H.N. Bhatti, Jatropha curcas seed oil as a viable source for biodiesel, Pakistan J. Bot., 42, 2010, 575–582.

[2] L. Simasatitkul, P. Siricharnsakunchai, Y. Patcharavorachot, S. Assabumrungrat, A. Arpornwichanop, Reactive distillation for biodiesel production from soybean oil, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28, 2011, 649–655. doi:10.1007/s11814-010-0440-z.

[3] A. Giwa, A. Bello, S.O. Giwa, Performance Analyses of Fatty Acids in Reactive Distillation Process for Biodiesel Production, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 5, 2014, 529–540.

[4] S.O. Giwa A., Bello A. and Giwa, Artificial Neural Network Modeling of a Reactive Distillation Process for Biodiesel Production, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 6, 2015, 1175– 1191

The climate of the India comprises wide range of the weather across a vast geographic scale which can affect the coefficient performance of the solar adsorption refrigeration system. This paper primarily focuses on the performance and analysis of the solar adsorption system for tropical wet and dry climatic zone of India. The objective of this review is to understand the different parameters which may affect the solar adsorption refrigeration system .For that we have to consider certain factors which are relevant to the intensity of solar radiation such as local latitude, angle of inclination of the receiving surface, weather conditions etc. The system proposed consist of a glass tube having sorption bed, condenser and an evaporator. The working pair of fluid used is low grade charcoal and methanol .For the successful operation of this system the factors such as adsorbent-adsorbate pair, system design and arrangement of the subsystems have been chosen with great care.

Keywords: - Solar adsorption, Adsorbent, Adsorbate, Refrigeration, Coefficient of Performance

[1] N.M. Khattab, "A novel solar-powered adsorption refrigeration module", Applied Thermal Engineering 24 (2004) 2747–2760.
[2] K. Sumathy, K.H. Yeung, Li Yong, "Technology development in the solar adsorption refrigeration systems", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 29 (2003) 301–327.

[3] R.Z. Wang, R.G. Oliveira, "Adsorption refrigeration-An efficient way to make good use of waste heat and solar energy", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 32 (2006) 424–458.
[4] Mohand Berdjaa et al, "Design and realization of a solar adsorption refrigeration machine powered by solar energy", International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry, Energy Procedia 48 (2014 ) 1226 – 1235.
[5] E.E. Anyanwu, N.V. Ogueke, "Thermodynamic design procedure for solid adsorption solar refrigerator", Elsevier, Renewable Energy 30 (2005) 81–96.

Education of any kind is necessary for man to develop socially and intellectually. Today need of examis in universities, schools, colleges and even companies for recruitment purposes.The general paper-pen tests/exams are now slowly replaced by the online internet based exam system. Online examinations, sometimes referred as e-examinations, are the examinations conducted through the internet or in an intranet (if within the Organization) for a remote candidate/candidates. The previous online examination system is based on Browser/ Server (B/S) structure or Client/Server (C/S) structure as they require individual computer for every student within a batch. As the number of students are increasing morecomputers are needed, this will increase the cost. To avoid this a keypad based embedded device has been designed. This embedded device can be used to conduct online examination with only one desktop computer. The main objective of this system is to provide automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives accurate and fast result with a higher security.

Keywords: - Raspberry Pi, 7 Inches Touch screen LCD Screen, Master Computer, Wi-Fi Dongle,and PHP.

[1] S.G.Pardeshi, K.S.Jadhav, "Key pad Based Online Examination System",International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research,Volume 3, Issue 11, 2013.
[2] Xingbao Li, Yunming Wu, "Design and Development of the Online Examination and Evaluation System Based on B/S Structure" School of Information And Communication Normal University, China, 2007.
[3] Shan Wei-feng, Huang Meng, Li Jun, "An Online Examination System supporting User Define Question Type, International Conference on Education Technology Computer, 2010.
[4] DeepankarVishwasKotwal, ShubhamRajendraBhadke, Aishwarya Sanjay Gunjal, Puspendu Biswas, "Online Examination System" , International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 03 Issue: 01 , Jan-
[5] AbrarUllah, Hannan Xiao, Mariana Lilley, "Profile Based Student Authentication in Online Examination", International Conference on Information Society, 2012

This paper focuses on the loading and release studies of tetracycline as model drug from spherical aggregates of micron size (approx. 1.2 μm in diameter) of barium hexaferrite (BaO·6Fe2O3) synthetized from wet chemical sol-gel method via spray drying. BaO·6Fe2O3 aggregates were characterized using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The load capacity of BaO·6Fe2O3 systems was reached at 40 minutes after contact with tetracycline drug. Release of tetracycline was confirm from E. coli bacterial death when BaO·6Fe2O3 particles were in contact with the bacteria.

Keywords: - Barium Hexaferrite, Drug Delivery System, Sol-Gel Method, Tetracycline

[1] M. Arruebo, R. Fernández-Pacheco, M. R. Ibarra, and J. Santamaría. Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery, Nanotoda, (2), 2007, 22-32.
[2] B. Felice, M. P. Prabhakaran, A. P. Rodríguez, S. Ramakrishna. Drug delivery vehicles on a nano-engineering perspective, Materials Science and Engineering C, (41), 2014, 178-195.
[3] T. González-Carreño, M.P. Morales, C.J. Serna. Barium ferrite nanoparticles prepared directly by aerosol pyrolysis. Materials Letters, (43), 2000, 97–101.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a specific class of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) and asa main backbone for the future technology such as Smart City that facilitate ubiquitous communication. Based on the communication categories, VANETs is divided intovehicle-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication using a wireless network.However, VANET implementation in the real world is still facing difficulty,especially for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Several research have been done by creatingmobility generator to build a real VANETs environment into a simulation. In this research we studywell-known VANETs' mobility generators such as C4R and MOVE to see how those generators reflect.............

Keywords: - C4R, MANET, MOVE, NS-2, OLSR, VANET.

[1] Rechnernetze und Telematik University of Freiburg, "CoNe Computer Networks and Telematics," 2011.
[2] N. Mohan Mittal, SavitaChoudhary, "Comparative Study of Simulators for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs)," International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, India, 2014.
[3] R. Anggoro, R. Nakamura, T. Kitasuka, T. Itokawa and M. Aritsugi, "An Evaluation of Routing Protocols with Probabilistic Relay in VANETs," Proc. of IEEE TENCON 2011, pp. 187-191, Bali, Indonesia, November 2011
[4] F. KristiantioKarnadi and ZhiHaiMo,"Rapid Generation of Realistic Mobility Models for VANET," IEEE Communication Society, Australia, 2007.
[5] D. Krajzewicz, J. Erdmann, M. Behrisch and L. Bieker, "Recent Development and Applications of SUMO – Simulation of Urban MObility," International Journal on Advances in Systems and Measurements, Berlin, 2012.

The boundary layer issue of a Nanofluid Past a Stretching Sheet with regard to speed which is perpendicular to the Stretching Sheet along the negative Y axis was studied numerically.Regulated partial differential equations are became to ordinary differential equations by using of suitable parallel variables and have been resolved simultaneously by the relations of the changing properties of Nanofluids using finite difference method. Changing in surface temperature, volume fraction of nanoparticle have been investigated. The results showed a broadly declining in dimensionless values of volume fraction of nanoparticle and surface temperature by increasing of velocity perpendicular to Stretching Sheet.

Keywords: - Boundary layer, Nanofluids, fluid velocity of Stretching Sheet.

[1] J.D. Anderson.(2005) Ludwig Prandtl's Boundary Layer, Physics Today, December,.
[2] O. Aydin, A. Kaya. (2005). Laminar boundary layer flow over a horizontal permeable flat plate, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. pp. 161, 229–240.
[3] P. D. Weidman, D. G. Kubitschek, A. M. J. Davis. (2006).The effect of transpiration on self-similar boundary layer flow over moving surfaces, International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 44, pp. 730–737.
[4] A. Ishak, R. Nazar, I. Pop. (2006).Mixed convection boundary layers in the stagnation-point flow toward a stretching vertical sheet, Meccanica, Vol. 41, pp. 509–518.
[5] K. Venkatasubbaiah, T. K. Sengupta. (2009).Mixed convection flow past a vertical plate: Stability analysis and its direct simulation, International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 48, pp. 461–474

Information and technology devices are being used extensively these days on the internet. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks generated on the server denies the access of the server to the genuine users. The servers needs to be protected from the DDoS attack. In this paper we compare the different defense mechanisms used to protect the DDoS attack. The defense mechanisms used must ensure better network resource utilization.

Keywords: - Attacks, Denial of service, Network Resource utilization

[1] Evans, D. (2011). How the next evolution of the internet is changing everything. CISCO White Paper, 4(11)
[2] Green IT" http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/green-IT-green-information-technology

Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with index modulation (OFDM-IM) using QAM was proposed. By selecting a fixed number of subcarriers as active subcarriers to carry constellation symbols, the indices of these active subcarriers may carry additional bits of information. In this paper, we propose two generalization schemes of OFDM-IM, named as OFDM with generalized index modulation 1 (OFDMGIM1) and OFDM-GIM2, respectively. In OFDM-GIM1, the number of active subcarriers in an OFDM sub block is no longer fixed. Dependent on the input binary string, different number of active subcarriers are assigned to carry constellation symbols In OFDM-GIM2, independent index modulation is performed on the in-phase and quadrature component per subcarrier.........

Keywords: - .....................

[1] E. Bas¸ar, U. Ayg¨ol¨u, E. Panayırcı, and H. V. Poor, "Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 61, no. 22, pp. 5536–5549, Nov. 2013.
[2] R. Mesleh, H. Haas, S. Sinanovic, C. W. Ahn, and S. Yun, "Spatial modulation," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2228–2241, Jul. 2008.
[3] E. Bas¸ar, U. Ayg¨ol¨u, E. Panayırcı, and H. V. Poor, "Space-time block coded spatial modulation," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 823–832, Mar. 2011.
[4] E. Bas¸ar, U. Ayg¨ol¨u, E. Panayırcı, and H. V. Poor, "New trellis code design for spatial modulation," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 2670–2680, Aug. 2011.
[5] Super-orthogonal trellis-coded spatial modulation," IET Commun., vol. 6, no. 17, pp. 2922–2932, Nov. 2012.

In this study, attrition of spherical materials (glass and alumina) and non-spherical materials (dolomite particles) in a spouted bed was evaluated through experimental and numerical results. The experiments were carried out using a cone-cylinder spouted bed. The operating conditions used were: air inlet velocity of 1.10 and 1.20 u/ums and operating time of 2250 minutes. Two mathematical models were applied to describe the attrition of the materials used. The experimental results showed that attrition reduced the mass and size of the alumina spheres and dolomite particles. The increased air inlet velocity promoted greater attrition of the alumina spheres. Regarding the fluid dynamic performance, attrition had an influence on the parameters: minimum spouting velocity and maximum pressure drop. Only one of the proposed models presented predictions consistent with and close to the experimental data obtained in this work.

Keywords: - Attrition, spouted bed, particulate materials.

[1] Freire, J.T, Ferreira, M.C, Freire, B.F, and Nascimento, B.S. (2012) A review on paste drying with inert particles as support medium. Drying Technology, 30, 330- 341.
[2] Markowski, M, Bialobrzewski, I, Modrzeska. A. (2010) Kinects of spouted bed drying of barley: diffusities for sphere and ellipsoid. Journal of Food Engineering. 96, 380 – 387.
[3] Rocha, S.C.S, Donida, M.W and Marques, A.M.M (2009) Liquid-particle surface properties on spouted bed coating and drying performance. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 87, 695 – 703.
[4] Borini, G.B, Andrade, T.C e Freitas, L.A.P (2009) Hot melt granulation of coarse pharmaceutical powders in a spouted bed. Powder Technology. 189, 520 – 527.
[5] Spiegl, N. Sivena, A. Lorente, E. Paterson, N. and Milian, M. (2010) Investigation of the Oxy-fuel gasification of coal in a laboratory-scale spouted bed reactor: reactor modifications and initial results. Energy & Fuels, 33, 5281 – 5288.

This paper proposes a decreased voltage transformer coupled shunt hybrid active power filter. It is designed with two inverters with a split dc link voltage. The dc voltage of the HFI is decreased by the transformer's turn ratio. The LFI provides a limited reactive power handling capability due to the high reactance in the shunt path, however it provides excellent harmonic compensation at reduced price switches are used in the HFI while IGBTs are used for the LFI. PWM based controller and hysteresis controller for operating the LFI and HFI respectively are used. The performance of the proposed topology and controller are designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The benefits of the topology is confirmed by validating it in an experimental setup. Index Terms—Active Power filter (APF), harmonics, transformer, passive filter, low frequency inverter (LFI), high frequency inverter (HFI)

Keywords: - .....................

[1] M.Qasim, P.Kanjiya and V. Khadkikar, ―Optimal Current Harmonic Extractor Based on Unified ADALINEs for Shunt Active Power Filters,‖ IEEE. Trans. Pwr. Electron.,vol. 29, no. 12, January 2014
[2] The Dung Nguyen, Nicolas Patin, and Guy Friedrich, ―Extended Double Carrier PWM Strategy Dedicated to RMS Current Reduction in DC Link Capacitors of Three-Phase Inverters,‖ IEEE. Trans. Pwr. Electron., vol 29, no. 1, January 2014
[3] Chi-Seng Lam, Man-Chung Wong ,Wai-Hei Choi, Xiao-Xi Cui, Hong-Ming Mei and Jian-ZhengLiu, ―Design and Performance of an Adaptive Low-DC-Voltage-Controlled LC-Hybrid Active Power Filter With a Neutral Inductor in Three-Phase Four-Wire Power Systems,‖ IEEE. Trans. Ind Electron..,vol. 61, no. 6, June 2014
[4] Avik Bhattacharya, C. Chakraborty and S. Bhattacharya,‖ Parallel-Connected Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filters Operating at Different Switching Frequencies for Improved Performance,‖IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 11, November 2012
[5] J.G.Singh, P.Tripathy, S.N.Singh and S.C.Srivastava, ―Development of a fuzzy rule based generalized unified power flow controller,‖ European Transactions on Electric Power, Vol.19, pp.702-717, 2009.

This paper presents a new data structure and codes based on Huffman encoding that used to send English alphabet text, by adding the most repetitive words in the English language in order to decrease the total number of bits and then maximize the bandwidth efficiency.

Keywords: - Bandwidth, data rate, Huffman, prefix

[1] S.Hykin, Communication systems 4th edition John Wiley & sons 2001.
[2] A.Shahbahrami, R.Bahrampour, Evaluation of Huffman and Arithmetic Algorithms for Multimedia Compression Standards. (International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.1, No.4, August 2011.)
[3] R. Togneri. deSilva, Fundamentals of information theory and coding design (Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006).
[4] http://norvig.com/mayzner.html
[5] S. ling C. xing , Coding Theory (Cambridge University Press 2004)

This article describes an innovative learning environment designed to support project based learning in engineering education – make-space laboratory. The laboratory has been set-up in two institutions proving successful in enhancing students' engagement with engineering subjects and facilitating their assimilation of required knowledge. The article discusses pedagogical motivation behind the laboratory, presents the flow of work with examples of students' activities and discusses the results

Keywords: - Curriculum development, Engineering design, Project based learning

[1] W.M. Wulf, A. Fisher, M.C. George,A Makeover for Engineering Education, Issues in Science andTechnology,18(3), 2002, 35-39.
[2] A. Rugarcia, R.M. Felder, D.R. Woods, J.E. Stice, The Future of Engineering Education, I. Vision for a New Century,Chem. Engr. Education, 34 (1),2000,16-25.
[3] C.Demirici, The project-based learning approach in a science lesson: a sample project study, Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences,5 (1), 2010, 66-79.
[4] R. Eskrootchi, and G.R. Oskrochi,A study of the efficacy of project-based learning integrated with computer-based simulations-STELLA,Educational Technology & Society, 13 (1),2010,236-245.
[5] P. Kim, J.S. Hong, C. Bonk, C. and G. Lim, Effects of group reflection variations in project-based learning integrated in a web 2.0 learning space,Interactive Learning Environments, 19 (4),2011,333-349.

The main facts in human life are birth, food, sleep, love and death, which is facing unawareness challenges on food in the present. Sri Lanka has food secure at national level, but the household level remains a significant concern. The accessibility of food depends on the income. The food security is also not ensured. As a result, people are affected by unknown diseases. Due to people have no interest in gardening and the production is not enough for the whole nation. More chemical fertilizers are used for quick sale and production of fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the proposed project hopes to encourage the householders to do gardening through a computerized application with the use of image processing and 3D modeling. Since the proposed project mainly focused to increase the interest in gardening, when the numbers of gardens are increased the green environment will be safe for future generation

Keywords: - Image processing, 3D modeling, food security and gardening

[1] J.R.Taylor and S.T.Lovell, "Urban home food gardens in the Global North : research traditions and future directions", Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois Urbana -Champaign, Urbana, USA, December 2013
[2] "Vegetable Garden Software Reviews", TopTenReviews.com, June 2011, [offline],Available: http://vegetable-garden-software-review.toptenreviews.com/plangarden-review
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