Universities in the world today consider information to be their most important asset. They therefore ensure information security by taking appropriate measures to ensure no information is leaked or passed to unauthorized users hence compromising its security. To achieve this, universities should ensure that they have proper infrastructure, policies and standards which are in compliance with the international best practices. The aim of this paperestablished the effect of security controls on information system security implementation in public universities in Western Kenya. The study used the business model for information security. A descriptive survey that targets information security professionals was carried out in four public universities in Western Kenya. The population of the study consisted of ICT directors, network administrators, web administrators, user support technician and computer lab technician in the selected universities..................

Keywords: Information Systems Controls, Information Security, Information Systems, Public Universities

[1]. Khalid K, Paul S, Jonathan P, Laura K & Jennifer A.Defining A High- Level Security Framework. Putting Basic Security Principles To Work (2007)
[2]. Deloitte East Africa. East Africa Application Security Survey, safeguarding the future [online]. Retrieved February 2015 from http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_KE/ke/eamedia/kepublications/surveyreports/index.htm.
[3]. Arnason, S.T. and Willet, K.D. How to Achieve 27001 Certification: An Example of Applied Compliance Management. New York: Auerbach Publications. 2008.
[4]. Rasmussen Rod. The College Cyber Security Tightrope: Higher Education Institutions FaceGreater Risks. Retrieved 3rd March 2016 from http://www.securityweek.com/college-cyber-security-tightrope-higher-education .
[5]. Letoo Stephen, The star newspaper, "Kenya universities top list of hacker targets in Africa" 4th August 2015

Biomass energy is the type of energy produced from recently living organisms or waste agricultural residues, around two-thirds of the populations of developing countries are still primarily dependent on biofuels for domestic use. This paper present a comparative analysis of selected biomass residues, namely; rice husk, sawdust, and millet husk in enhancing cooking efficiency, using improved sawdust stove. The analysis carried out includes; control cooking test, water boiling test and burning rate using the selected biomass residue and maintaining the same stove. Similarly, mass of fuel consumed in cooking half kilogram of rice and beans for each residue were determined...................

Keywords: Biomass residues, cooking test rice husk, sawdust, and millet husk

[1]. Akinbode, F.O, (1996). The Development of a sawdust stove, Nig. J. Renewable Energy, 4,53-57.
[2]. Danshehu B.G., Atiku A.T. and Tambuwal A.D. (1996). Effect of Glazing on the Performance of Improved Wood-Burning Stoves. Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy , 4(1), 15-18
[3]. Joshi M. and Srivastava R.K. (2013). Development and Performance Evaluation of an Improved Three Pot Cooking Stove in Rural Uttsrskhsnd India. Inernational Journal of Advanced research, 1(5), 596-602.
[4]. Kuti O.A,. (2009) Performance of Composite Sawdust Briquette Fuel in a Biomass Stove under Simulated Condition AU J.T. 12(4): 284-288.
[5]. Makonese T., Robinson J., Pemberton-Pigott C. and Annegarn H. (2006). A Preliminary Comparison of Stove Testing Methods between the Water Boiling Test and The Heterogeneous Testing Protocol. 1-8.

The automatic vehicle gate opener is an electronic-based project carried out to give a solution to a common problem encountered by people. It involves the design and construction of the transmitter circuit (using an infrared LED) and transmitting at a frequency of 30 kHz to 40 kHz. The receiver is a combination of an infrared receiver, a decoder IC to drive the relay. the output of the driver is fed to an NPN transistor which inverts the input to the decade counter CD4017 the output of the counting sequence fed to the transistor drivers which drives the relay to move the motor clockwise and anticlockwise to open and close the gate. A scaled-down prototype of the system was constructed on Vero-board and tested with a dc motor attached to the gate. The electronically controlled automatic vehicle gate opener could be used in homes, industries, classrooms etc for either convenience or safety reasons.

Keywords: Design, construction, Automatic vehicle, Security, Gate opener

[1]. Alvin Gandy of Eden, Tx in 1965.[5]
[2]. Keith G. vicker. (2010). Free Home made automatic gate opener plans,7 may update[6]
[3]. Rhodes for US patent issue on April 7, 1992. [7]
[4]. Malgwi T.J (2006), "Design and testing of a remote control", on August, final year project submitted to the department of electrical engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.[3]
[5]. Ahmad J.H (2008), "Design and construction of an infrared security light and alarm system" done on March, final year project submitted to the department of electrical engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.[4]

The magnitude and intensity of earthquake is cannot be predict but we can reduced the damages and failure of structure by adopting plan Regularity and Irregularity. The Regular and Irregular plan of building for G+15 storey by using rectangular symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Channel shape building create models by using Etab software for study thebehavior of structure for Equivalent static and Non linear dynamic analysis i.e. Time history analysis for two different earthquake records. In present study, Multi-storeyRegular and Irregular with different plan area for G+15 stories have been modeled using software ETABS for seismic zone IV in India. This paper studies the performance of the building static analysis and performance of building during earthquakes shakes, Kobe and Bhujbeen investigated. This paper enlightens the exactness of Time History analysis in comparison with the most commonlyadopted Dynamic analysis and Equivalent Static Analysis by using IS 1893: 2002 part 1 codal provision in Etab software with regards time period, maximum displacement, stiffness and drift.

Keywords: Regular plan, Irregular plan, G+15 storey regular and irregular building,Equivalent static analysis, IS 1893:2002 part 1 provisions, Etab software.

[1]. Indian standard code for Reinforced Concrete structure IS 456:200
[2]. Indian standard code for Erath resisting structure IS 1893: 2002 (Part 1)
[3]. RakshithGowda .K.R ,Bhavani Shankar (2014) ."Seismic Analysis Comparison of Regular And Vertically irregular RC Building with soft storey at different level".(IJETE) International journal of emerging Technologies and Engineering. Volume 1 issue 6 .
[4]. Nonika.N,Mrs.GargiDandaDe . "Comparitive studies on seismic Analysis of Regular And Vertical Irregular Multistoried Building ". (IJRASET) International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. Volume 3 Issue VII , July 2015.
[5]. Arvindreddy.R.J. Fernades. " Seismic analysis of RC Regular and Irregular frame structures". International Research journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) volume:02 Issue:05|Aug -2015.

A novel series of transition metal complexes of Zr(IV) and Th(IV) have been synthesized from the Schiff base derived from DFMPM and L-Valine.. These complexes have been characterized from their elemental analysis, melting point, molar conductance, UV-Vis, FT- IR, 1H-NMR , SEM and XRD. The data show that the complexes have composition of the ML2 type. The UV-Vis, FT-IR data of the complexes suggest a tetrahedral geometry around the central metal ion. The Schiff's base ligand and its complexes have been screened for antibacterial, antifungal anti cancerus, anti inflamatory and DNA clevage. The conductance measurements indicate that all the complexes are non-electrolytes. The SEM, and XRD result indicate that the complexes are nano crystalline. The hexa co-ordinated complexes have moderate antibacterial, antifungal, anti cancerus, anti inflamatory and DNA clevage. The metal ion intake can be used for the removal of these metals from water.

Keywords: .............

[1]. Lubi, M.C.; Thachil, E.T. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)—A versatile monomer for polymer synthesis. Des. Monomers Polym. 2000, 3, 123-153.
[2]. Rodrigues, F.H.A.; Feitosa, J.P.A.; Ricardo, N.M.P.S.; de Franca, F.C.F.; Carioca, J.O.B.
[3]. Antioxidant activity of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) derivatives on the thermal oxidation of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2006, 17, 265-271.
[4]. Kim, Y.H.; Won, K.; Kwon, J.M.; Jeong, H.S.; Park, S.Y.; An, E.S.; Song, B.K. Synthesis of polycardanol from a renewable resource using a fungal peroxidase from Coprinus cinereus. J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. 2005, 34, 33-38.
[5]. Day V.W. and Fay R.C., Stereochemistry of eight-coordinate mixed-ligand complexes of zirconium. I. Characterization and the crystal and molecular structure of dinitratobis (acetylacetonato) zirconium(IV), J. Amer. Chem Soc., 97, 5136 (1975)

In this work, investigation on the performances of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on natural dyes extracted from Bixaorellana.Lseedand Plumeriarubra.Lflower was carried-out . The potency of the dyes‟ sensitization power in DSSC were examined using different solvents as extractors and the homogenous dye-extracts were characterized by UV-VIS absorption spectra. The photochemical cells were assembled using a TiO2mesoporous film on FTO-coated glass andthe photovoltaic properties of the DSSCs were studied under an incident irradiation of 100 mW/cm2. The best performance was found in the DSSC sensitized with Bixaorellana.Lseed extracted in Ethanolwith a solar energy conversion efficiency of 0.56%.

Keywords: Solar cells, solvent, photochemical, photovoltaic, mesoporous, efficiency

[1]. O‟Regan B, Grätzel M. A low-cost, high-efficiency solar-cell based on dye sensitizedcolloidal TiO2 films. Nature 1991;353:737–40.
[2]. Monzir S. Abdel-Latif, Taher M. El-Agez, Sofyan A. Taya, Amal Y. Batniji, Hatem S and El-Ghamri .Plant Seeds-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells .Materials Sciences and Applications, 4, 2013, 516-520 (http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2013.49063)
[3]. M.K. Nazeeruddin, P. Pechy, P. Liska, T. Renouard, S.M. Zakeeruddin, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Comte, L. Cevey, E. Costa, V. Shklover, L. Spiccia, G.B. Deacon, C.A. Bignozzi,
[4]. M. Graetzel,.Engineering efficient panchromatic sensitizers for nanocrystalline TiO2-based solar cells.J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 123, 2001, 1613–1624.
[5]. P. Wang, C. Klein, R. Humphry-Baker, S.H. Zakeeruddin and M.A Graetzel, "High Molar extinction coefficient sensitizer for stable dye-sensitized Solar Cells, J. Am. Chem.Soc., vol.127, 2005, 808–809.

A simple and effective green approach has been developed to synthesize chitosan/Ag nanocomposites that were successfully employed using kumquat aqueous extract as a reducing agent. It indicates to be an eco-friendly, rapid green method for the synthesis providing a cost effective and an efficient route for the chitosan/Ag nanopcomposites' synthesis. The prepared chitosan/Ag nanocomposites have been characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM and EDS. Result showed those chitosan/Ag nanocomposites have been obtained with an average particle size of ~15-25 nm. Thus, this eco-friendly method could be a competitive alternative to the conventional physical/chemical methods used for the synthesis of chitosan/Ag nanocompoites.

Keywords: Kumquat extract, chitosan/silver nanocomposites (CS/Ag NCPs), green synthesis

[1]. Liau S.Y., Read D. C., Pugh W. J., Furr J. R., Russell A. D. Interaction of silver nitrate with readily identifiable groups: relationship to the antibacterialaction of silver ions. Letters in Applied Microbiology 25 (1997) 279-83.
[2]. Du W. L., Niu S. S., Xu Y. L., Xu Z. R., Fan C. L. Antibacterial activity of chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles loaded with various metal ions. Carbohydrate Polymers 75 (2009) 385-9.
[3]. Gu H., Ho P., Tong E., Wang L., Xu B. Presenting Vancomycin on Nanoparticles to Enhance Antimicrobial Activities. Nano Letters 3 (2003) 1261-3.
[4]. Dutta P. K., Rinki K., Dutta J. Chitosan: A Promising Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. In: Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M, Muzzarelli RAA, editors. Chitosan for Biomaterials II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2011) 45-79.
[5]. Reneker D. H., Yarin A. L. Electrospinning jets and polymer nanofibers. Polymer 49 (2008) 2387-425.

Device to device (D2D) communications are when two user equipment are close enough to each other, the devices may communicate directly or via base station assistance. D2D technology enables a direct link (uplink or downlink resources) between user equipment (UEs). The performance of D2D communication using an UER in cellular networks has also been investigated, the best UER selection strategy is proposed exploiting channel state information for cooperative UERs and ordering UERs. So, this process uses the transmission node selection strategy. To improve the efficiency and low complex transmission mode selection strategy for the D2D-EHHN, which includes the best UER selection in D2D mode. The ultimate aim in this paper is to improve the throughput in cellular network D2D communication and it measuring the efficiency of D2D performance. And also, the frequency reuse for D2D pairs in the cell by dividing cell into sectors.

Keywords: D2D, AP, UER, 5G, Throughput, Efficiency, Energy harvesting

[1]. Ossaiiia Younis and Sonia Fahmy, "Distributed Clustering in Ad-hoc Sensor networks: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient Approach",IEEE INFOCOM,Volume 1,pp.640 (2004)
[2]. R. Shah, S. Roy, S. Jain, and W. Brunette," Modeling a Three-Tier Architecture for Sparse Sensor Networks",Proceedings of the first IEEE International Workshop On Sensor Network Protocols And Applications, pp. 3041 (2003)
[3]. Guoliang Xing, Xiaorui Wang, Yuanfang Zhang, Chenyang Lu, Robert Pless, And Christopher Gill ,"Integrated Coverage and Connectivity Configuration for Energy Conservation in Sensor Networks". IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 10(12), 3995–4000 (2011)
[4]. M. Rahimi, Y. Yu,"Call and Response: Experiments in Sampling the Environment",IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 10(2), 413 418 (2011)
[5]. M. Rahimi, Y. Yu, "Data Storage Placement in Sensor Networks". IEEE Trans. WirelessCommun. 12(3), 1038–1049 (2013)

In this study, the production of milk clotting enzyme was carried out by the distillers yeast sludge using the fungal culture Penicillium camemberti. Effects of different substrates on the production of milk clotting enzyme were studied under stationary and shaking conditions. Highest milk clotting activity was observed in the medium containing casein under static conditions. Central composite design experiments werecarried out to optimize the parameters that brings outhigh yield milk clotting enzyme. Maximum milk clotting activity of 0.785units/mg was obtained at optimum process conditions namely initial substrate concentration 15 g/l, initial pH 5.9, temperature 39ºC and biomass concentration 15g/l. The Logistic model for cell growth and Leudeking-Piret model for product formation kinetics were evaluated for the prediction of experimental data .

Keywords: Milk clotting enzyme, Distiller's sludge, Response surface methodology, Cell growth and Product formation kinetics.

[1]. Yergin S, Fernandez-Lahore M, Jose Gama Salgado A, Guvenc U, Goksungur Y, Tari C, Aspartic proteinases from Mucor spp. in cheese manufacturing, ApplMicrobiolBiotechnol. 2011 Feb;89(4):949- 60.
[2]. Goutam Banerjee, Sandip Mukherjee ,Shelley Bhattacharya,Arun K. RayPurification and Characterization of Extracellular Protease and Amylase Produced by the Bacterial Strain, Corynebacterium alkanolyticum ATH3 Isolated from Fish Gut ,Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,January 2016, Volume 41, Issue 1, pp 9–16.

[3]. AiltonCesarLemesa,YaninaPavónbSandra,LazzaronibSergio,RozyckibSusana, JulianoKalilaANew milk-clotting enzyme produced by Bacillus sp. P45 applied in cream cheese development, LWT - Food Science and Technology,Volume 66, March 2016, Pages 217-22.
[4]. John E. Kinsella,Dan Hwang Biosynthesis of flavors by Penicillium roqueforti ,Biotechnology and bioengineering, Volume 18, Issue 7July 1976 ,Pages 927–938
[5]. Yashpal Singh,Management of Spent Wash in Distilleries,Environment and Waste, www.wealthywaste.com/management-of-spent-wash-in-distilleries

The rapid development in every facet of human endeavors like the financial, industrial, technological, economic, social, etc., leads to more waste being generated and needs to be disposed of without causing ahazard to the environment. This paper deals with designing and fabrication of needle shredder while the objectives are to quantify the needle generated globally as an indicator of the project viability, to crush needle and packaged as raw materials in other industries. The result indicated that the crusher can be used to crush highly hazardous sharps into harmless steel which can be gainfully used in other industries. It was observed that the crusher is a better sharp waste management technology than the traditional incinerator and landfilling.

Keywords: Designing and fabrication, Needle shredder, Crusher, Waste Management

[1]. Adegbite MA, Nwafor SO, Afon A, Abegunde AA, Bamise CT (2010). Assessment of dental waste management in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Waste Manage. Res., 28: 769-777.
[2]. Ajadike JC(2003). Pollution and Management Problems of Medical Wastes in Nigeria in Environmental Pollution and Management in the Tropics,
[3]. Amira CO, Awobusuyi JO. Needle-stick injury among healthcare workers in hemodialysis units in Nigeria: a multi-center study. International Journalof Occupational Environment Medicine2014;5:1-8.
[4]. Askarian M, Vakili M, Kabir G(2006). Results of a Hospital Waste Survey in Private Hospitals in Pars Province, Iran. Pp. 7-11.
[5]. Benient PB, Rifed NS, Navel CJ (1999). Groundwater contamination and remediation. Prentice Hall, London. Pp. 18-20.

This paper presents a case study on determination of Air Quality Index for a Thermal Power Plant known as Raj West Power Limited (RWPL), situated at Bhadresh in Barmer district of Rajasthan state. Air pollutant concentration were measured in the prevalent windward direction, leeward direction, and in the crosswind directions at both left and right to the prevalent windward direction around the plant. Method for calculation and experimentation was based on the basis of guidelines given by Central Pollution Control Board of India. Five criteria pollutants i.e., PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO were chosen for AQI determination at the given locations. Pollutants concentrations were found different in different directions. Maximum AQI was observed in the windward direction and minimum in leeward direction.

Keywords: Air Quality Index, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO, Thermal Power Plant, Air pollution.

[1] Central pollution control board Publication, ministry of environment and forest, India, 2014
[2] Gowtham Sarella, Khambete K. Anjali, Ambient air quality analysis using air quality index-a case study of Vapi, International Journal for innovative research in science and technology, March 2015.
[3] Greenpeace, A status assessment of national air quality index (NAQI) and pollution level assessment for Indian cities, December 2015
[4] Kanchan, Amit Kumar Gorai and Pramila Goyal, A Review on Air Quality Indexing System, Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment, June 2015
[5] Prakash Mamta, Bassin J.K, Analysis of ambient air quality using air quality index-a case study, International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology, 2009