In this paper, we propose the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme based on the Yee algorithm to solve the time dependent Maxwell's equations. Where the volume domain has been discretized with a regular, structured, staggered and rectangular grid. This method transforms Laplace and Poisson equations into an equivalent matrix form that can be solved by a suitable numerical method. Then we use the Gauge transformation condition to convert both the electric and magnetic fields to scalar and vector potentials respectively. This can be described by Laplace and Poisson equations. These equations can be solved by the well known finite difference method. To show the efficiency of this method we consider a structure of a simple 5  5 grid of voltage samples.

Keywords: Maxwell's equations, Yee algorithm, FDTD

[1] T. Abassy and H. Zoheiry, Solving Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations Using the Modified Variational Iteration Pade Technique, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 207: 77-91, 2007.
[2] M. Abdou, Variational Iteration Method for Solving Burger's and Coupled Burger's Equations, J. of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 3: 1-7, 2004.
[3] B. Cockburn, Discontinuous Galerkin Method, Theory, Computational and Applications, Vol.11 of Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
[4] A. Elmkies and P. Joly, Finite Elements and Mass Lumping for Maxwell's Equations: The 2nd case, Numerical Analysis, C. R. Acad Sci, Paris, 324: 1287-1293, 1997.
[5] L. Elsgolts, Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations, Translated from the Russian by G. Yankovsky, Mir, Moscow, Applications, 8: 303-309, 1977

Initial and boundary value problems of the inhomogeneous Airy's and generalized Airy's differential equations are considered in this work. General solutions are expressed in terms of the Nield-Kuznetsov functions of the first and second kinds, and are computed when the forcing function is a constant or a variable function of the independent variable.

Keywords: Generalized Airy's inhomogeneous equations, Nield-Kuznetsov functions.

[1] D. A. Nield and A. V. Kuznetsov, The effect of a transition layer between a fluid and a porous medium: shear flow in a channel, Transport in Porous Media, 78, 2009, 477–487.
[2] M.H. Hamdan and M.T. Kamel, "On the Ni(x) integral function and its application to the Airy's nonhomogeneous equation, Applied Math.Comput., 217#17, 2011, 7349–7360.
[3] S.M. Alzahrani, I. Gadoura and M.H. Hamdan, Representations and Computation of the Nield- Kuznetsov Integral Function, ISOR Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 3, Ver II, 2016, 55-67.
[4] S.M. Alzahrani, I. Gadoura and M.H. Hamdan, Ascending series solution to Airy's inhomogeneous boundary value problem, Int. J. Open Problems Compt. Math., 9#1, 2016, 1-11.
[5] M.S. Abu Zaytoon, T.L. Alderson and M.H. Hamdan, Flow through a layered porous configuration with generalized variable permeability, Int. J. of Enhanced Research in Science, Technology & Engineering, Vol. 5 Issue 6, 2016, 1-21.

Recently, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has come to be commonly used in the aviation and automobile industries. However, it is well known that CFRP is a difficult-to-cut material because it increases tool wear dramatically. This paper presents the influence of water-miscible cutting fluid on tool wear (tool life) in the end milling of CFRP. The conclusions can be summarized as follows: In down-cut milling, the tool wear is less than that in up-cut milling. The tool wear obtained with a feed rate of 100 mm/min is less than that obtained with 200 mm/min. The water-miscible cutting fluid used in the experiments reduces tool wear and improves tool life compared with the cases using dry cutting and water, irrespective of the cutting speeds..................

Keywords: CFRP, Cutting, End milling, Tool life, Tool wear, Water-miscible cutting fluid

[1] K. Sakuma, M. Seto, M. Taniguchi and Y. Yokoo, Tool Wear in Cutting of Carbon Fiber Reinforces Plastic (Influence of Tool Type), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series C, Vol.51, No.463, 1985, 656-666.
[2] T. Kaneeda and M. Takahashi, CFRP cutting mechanism (2nd Report) Analysis of Depth of Reductant Uncut and Deformed Part , Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Vol.56, No.6, 1990, pp.1058-1063.
[3] S. Hanasaki, J. Fujiwara and M. Nomura, Tool Wear Mechanism in Cutting CFRP, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series C, Vol.60, No.569, 1994, 297-302.

In the existing policy framework for the expansion of transportation facilities, in order for sustainable green growth, there has been a paradigm shift towards reducing impacts to the urban environment and realizing a low-carbon ecological polis. In particular, there has been a necessity for a mobility management policy framework that can change peoples' psychological and environmental perceptions to induce a willingness to change individual behaviors towards the reduction of private vehicle use. In line with these policy needs, Suwon City in South Korea implemented a Korean mobility management policy framework through the EcoMobility World Festival 2013................

Keywords: EcoMobility; Ecological Polis; EcoMobility World Festival 2013 Suwon; Car-free City; Green City; Air Quality; Pedestrian Environment; Urban Regeneration

[1] Jan Scheurer(2001), Residential Areas for Households without Cars: The Scope for Neighbourhood Mobility Management in Scandinavian Cities, Trafikdage på Aalborg Universitet, pp165-176.
[2] Kim J. K., Oh D. S. (2007), Analysis on the Sustainability and Design Strategies of German Ecological Housing Estates according to Development Stages, Journal of Urban Design Institute of Korea, 8(4), Urban Design Institute of Korea, pp105-286.
[3] Lee W. R., Im Y. B. (2009), A Study on Sustainable Element of Ecological Housing Complex, KPA Spring Annual Conference, Korea Planners Association, pp279-286.
[4] Michael Ornetzedera, Edgar G. Hertwichb, Klaus Hubacekc, Katarina Korytarovad, Willi Haase (2008), The environmental effect of car-free housing: A case in Vienna, Ecological Economics, 65(3), The International Society for Ecological Economics, pp516-530.

Cloud computing resources are utilized in forms of different virtual machines that provide large- scale computation for complicated tasks. The allocation process of virtual machines on physical machines is a critical portion of cloud computing trends. Efficient allocation of the virtual machines on available physical servers is necessary to exploit the high-performance resource utilization and improving power efficiency. In this paper, virtual machine allocation problem is handled by particle swarm optimization with fuzzy multi-objective method. The main goal of the proposed method is to efficiently obtain a near-optimal solution that minimizes power consumption, total processing resource wastage and the peak temperature among the servers.................

Keywords: Cloud computing, Fuzzy multi-objective, Particle swarm optimization, Power consumption, Peak temperature

[1] A.O. Akande, N.A. April, and J.V. Belle, Management Issues with Cloud Computing, in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Computing and Cloud Computing, New York, NY, USA, 2013, pp. 119-124.
[2] R, Buyya, J. Broberg, and A.M. Goscinski, Cloud Computing Principles and Paradigms, Wiley Publishing, 2011.
[3] P. Balaji and R. Buyya, Special issue on Cluster, Grid, and Cloud Computing, Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(8), 2013.
[4] Y. Gao, H. Guan, Z. Qi, Y. Hou, and L. Liu, A multi-objective ant colony system algorithm for virtual machine placement in cloud computing, Journal of Computer and System Sciences,79(8),2013,1230-
[5] K. Chandrasekaran, Tutorial: Resource Management in Cloud Computing, in Proceedings of the 2013

With the internet being flooded with various social networking sites, e-commerce websites, video streaming sites, news websites; a naive user would want to access relevant data which could be possibly of his/her interest and to achieve this, services such as a recommender system is required, which uses not only user's previous history of interests but also recommend social elements which are trending among similar users. Social recommender systems use a combination of social data and attributes including user's profile bio, likes, and dislikes, purchase history, reviews and other information..................

Keywords: Reciprocal Scoring, Recommender Systems,Similarity Measures, and Skyline Query

[1] ShufengZheng, AsifZaman, Yasuhiko Morimoto, Friend Recommendation by Using Skyline Query and Location Information , Bulletin of Networking, Computing, Systems, and Software, Volume 5, Number 1, pages 68–72, January 2016
[2] Peng Xia, Benyuan Liu, Yizhou Sun, Cindy Chen, Reciprocal Recommendation System for Online Dating , arXiv:1501.06247v2 [cs.SI], January 2015

Seizure is a characteristic feature in epilepsy and it is associated with disordered and rhythmic high frequency discharge of impulses by a group of neurons in the brain. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by unprovoked, recurring seizures that disrupt the nervous system and can cause mental and physical dysfunction. The ethanol extract of the leaves of plant Chromolaena odorata (C.OD) was evaluated for its antiepileptic activity in Swiss Albino Mice at the dose of 50mg/kg.Antiepileptic activity was assessed by using Maximal Electroshock induced Seizures [MES] method. Extract showed reduction in the duration of all the phases of epilepsy such as Flexion, extensor, convulsion, stupor phases. The results are promising for further investigation for efficient anticonvulsant activity.

Keywords: Chromolaena odorata,Maximal Electric Shock, epilepsy,Seizure

[1]. "Chromolaena odorata". Flora of North America.
[2]. Schmidt GJ, Schilling EE, Biogeography of Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) Based on Nuclear ITS Sequence, American Journal of Botany (Botanical Society of America), May 2000, 87 (5): 716–726.
[3]. Struhsaker TT, Struhsaker PJ, Siex KS, "Conserving Africa‟s rain forests: problems in protected areas and possible solutions" (PDF). Biological Conservation, (May 2005), 123 (1): 45–54.
[4]. Raimundo RLG, Fonseca RL, Schachetti-Pereira R, Peterson AT & Thomas Michael Lewinsohn,Native and Exotic Distributions of Siamweed (Chromolaenaodorata) Model Using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production, Weed Science, 2007, 55 (1): 41–48.
[5]. Fu PP, Yang YC, Xia Q, Chou MC, Cui YY, Lin G, "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements", Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2002, 10(4), 198-211.

Netiquette is a word which is combined from two words-Network and Etiquette. In fact it is a portmanteau word.With the growing importance and need for internet the world has been reduced into a global village. This is one of the benefits, but it has also made the communication into a very complicated process. The internet enlarges the vistas of human mind but has actually narrowed down the values of the human heart. In the existing global scenario the importance of netiquette has increased tremendously as the "human‟ today is rarely divorced from technology............

Keywords: Netiquette,Cyborg

[1] Shea.V, Netiquette,(1997)http://www.albion.com/netiquette/book/index.html
[2] Mossberger, Karen(2008),Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics. Routledge.pp.173-185.ISBN0415780586.
[3] "What does digital citizen mean to you?"Microsoft.Retrieved 13 September 2013.
[4] Britland,Mike(26 August 2013). "How to teach…E-safety and Digital Citizenship." Guardian, Retrieved 13 September 2013.
[5] Ohler, Jason(2010),Digital Community, Digital Citizen. Corwin Press, ISBN1412971446.

Recognition of Power-Transformer Protection is a veryimportant task for the power system operation. In this work, a hybrid of wavelet transform and neural network (WNN) approach is introduced for PTP (Power-Transformer Protection) events classification.The PT(Power Transformer) waveform is first decomposed by four levels Daubechies-4(db4) waveletanalysis and the decomposed waveforms then be processed by the NN for PTP event classification. (4) By utilizing the WNN, the PTP event recognition system can be implemented with minimum neurons and produces maximum attainment. Furthermore, this technique can accommodate maximum training patterns automaticallyreconsider the ANN system. The proposed approach is implemented in a simulation program to verify the validation and classification accuracy.

Keywords: WNN, Power transformer protection, Wavelet Transform, Inrush Current, Internal Fault

[1] X. Hao and S. Cai-xin, "Artificial immune network classification algorithm for fault diagnosis of power transformer," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 930–935, Apr. 2007.
[2] M. A. Zaman, M. A. Hoque, and M. A. Rahman, "On-line implementation of the artificial neural network based protection for power transformers," in Proc. NECEC, St. John‟s, NL, Canada, 1996, pp. 5–11.
[3] M. R. Zaman, "Artificial Neural Network Based Protection of Power Transformer," Ph.D. dissertation, Memorial Univ. Newfoundland, St. John‟s, NL, Canada, 1996.

The United Nations have since 1975, taken special interest in the development of the women/girl child through initiatives, strategies, policies, and programmes. One of such is the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing China, 1995. The aim of that conference was to advance the development, empowerment and equality of the female gender with their male counterpart. The full impacts of these efforts remain to be maximized in the headship of professional bodies in the built environment by women in Nigeria..............

Keywords: Female, Gender, Quantity Surveying, Headship, Professional bodies

[1]. Bishop, A. (2014). First female RICS president Louise is first female president in 146 years.Http://www.opp.today/louise Accessed 7th July, 2014
[2]. Dainty, A. R. J., Bagilhole, B. M., Ansari, K. H. & Jackson, J.(2004). Creating Equality in the Construction Industry: An Agenda for Change for Women and Ethnic Minorities
[3]. Howard, A. (2016). Women in Surveying, 1920 –date. RICS at 150.Http://www.rics.org. Accessed 6th une, 2016.
[4]. Inglis, T. L. (1975). Scotland Aids QS Development in Nigeria, Project Scotland, September 3, pp15First female president of Nigerian Institute of Architects (2016), Http://www.leadership.ng/business
[5]. Martin, E. (2014). Women in construction: Quantity Surveying. Accessed 4th June, 2014

In any construction where value for money is the watchword, the quantity surveyor, cost expert and economist of the construction industry are invaluable. But in Nigeria, the relevance/value and services of the quantity surveyor are not maximized especially in civil and heavy engineering projects. It is therefore hard to find consultant quantity surveyors in roads and bridges, petrochemical, oil and gas, rail and other heavy engineering projects. This is not acceptable in global best practice. Some argue that the quantity surveyors competence is limited to building and housing construction and has no competence to cost and manage engineering projects................

Keywords: Value for money, Civil, Heavy Engineering, construction projects, Project delivery

[1]. Best, R. & Valence, G. (1998), Building in Value. Arnold Publishers, London.Eke, C. (2007), Quantity Surveying: A Reforming Cost Control Profession. Journal of theNigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors. Vol. 55. No.2. pp3
[2]. Esenwa, F. O. Jnr. (2008). Global Perspectives on Quantity Surveying, Cost Engineering and Project Management. Paper delivered at Nigerian Institute of quantity Surveyors Conference.
[3]. Eyoboka, S. & Latona, O. (2011), The World‟s Largest Church in Nigeria. Http://www.vanguardngr.com Accessed 6/12/2011
[4]. Grafton, P. W. (1966), Cost Planning. The Chartered Quantity Surveyor, May Dennis P, (1997), "The Architect and the Chartered Surveyor", Chartered Quantity Surveyor, July, Vol.7, pp – 477
[5]. Ikpo, I. I. & Olusola, K. (2000), Life Cycle Costing of Residential Buildings: The role of Design. Journal of Construction Technology and Management, Vol.3, No.1, pp23-31

The aim of this paper is to use an empirical approach to examine FOSS in respect of its key characteristics i.e. Usability and Maintainability. The different sub-characteristics of above mentioned characteristics and their subsequent attributes were envisaged in order to accomplish the task of FOSS exploration concerning its primary characteristics. The various attributes of FOSS were explored that are available in existing literature. The identified attributes were taken into account so as to empirically analyze FOSS. The existing attributes selected from the related work for this empirical swot up were mutually accepted by the participants at the time of conducting the pilot study. This research endeavour also takes into account the understanding, awareness and activities of diverse kinds of people allied with FOSS in one way or the other. The association of Usability and Maintainability of FOSS was also hypothesised and established through statistical analysis using fisher's exact test.

Keywords: Maintainability of FOSS, Open source software (OSS)\Free and open source software (FOSS), OSS Characteristics, OSS Empirical Study/Analysis, OSS Platform, Usability of FOSS.

[1] Alspaugh, T. A., Asuncion, H. U. and Scacchi, W. (2012). Software licenses, open source components, and open architectures. In: Aligning Enterprise, System, and Software Architectures (Eds. I. Mistr´ık, A. Tang, et al.) IGI Global, pp 58–79.
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