There has been continuous demand for materials with higher compressive strength for various civil engineering applications. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) has been developed to overcome the weakness of most high strength concrete available with compressive strength in the range of 60-100 MPa. RPC was developed from a special combination of constituent materials such as Portland cement, silica fume, quartz flour, fine silica sand, high-range water-reducer, water and steel fibers wherein attempts have been made to remove the coarse aggregate particles to make a very strong mortar with a very low water cement ratio..........

Keywords: Reactive powder concrete, high strength, mechanical properties

[1] P. Richard, Marcel Cheyrezy, Composition of Reactive Powder Concretes, Cement and Concrete Research, 25/7, 1995, 1501-1511.
[2] F. De Larrard,Optimization of Ultra- high- performance concrete by use of a packing model, Cement and Concrete Research, 24/6, 1994, 997-1008.
[3] Henry H.C. Wong and Albert K.H. Kwan, Packing Density: A Key Concept for Mix Design of High Performance Concrete, Proceedings of the Materials Science and Technology in Engineering Conference, HKIE Materials Division, Hong Kong, 2005, 1-15.
[4] Olivier Bonneau, Christian Vernet and Pierre-Claude Aitcin, Characterization of the granular packing and percolation threshold of reactive powder concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 30,2000,1861-1867.
[5] Guangcheng Long and Xinyou Wang, Very-high-performance concrete with ultrafine powders, Cement and Concrete Research, 32, 2002, 601–605.

Statistical process control (SPC) is one of the important approaches used in quality management. SPC can be applied in plants to obtain good quality and high standard products that have become very popular in many industries. Fuzzy process capability analysis by using X-R control charts gives more realistic results, developed with fuzzy theory. Fuzzy control charts are more sensitive than SPC. Therefore, fuzzy control charts lead to producing better-quality products. In this study, total color difference parameter (ΔE) was studied using fuzzy observation on a calcite grinding plant products................

Keywords: Fuzzy Statistical Process Control, X-R Charts, Grinding plant, Total color difference

[1]. T.W. Chenje, D.J. Simbi, E. Navara, Relationship Between Microstructure, Hardness, Impact Toughness and Wear Performance of Selected Grinding Media for Mineral Ore Milling Operations, Mater. Des. 25, 2004, 11–18.

[2]. B. Tamm, A. Tymanok, Impact Grinding and Disintegrators, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Eng. 2/2 (1996), 209–242.

[3]. P. Kulua, R. Tarbea, H.D. Kaerdi, Abrasivity and Grindability Study of Mineral Ores, Wear, 267 (2009), 1832–1837.

[4]. Katz. H. S. and Milewski. J. V. Eds.. Handbook of Fillers and Reinforcement for Plastics Van Nostrand-Reinhold. NY. 1978.

[5]. H.P. Schreiber, J.M. Viau, A. Fetou and Z. Deng, Some Properties of Polyethylene Compounds with Surface-Modified Fillers, Polym. Eny. Sci. 30 (5), 1990, 263-269.

Groundwater is a better resource for water requirements, its protection and management is vital for human evolution and ecological diversity. Agricultural and industrial activities have contributed to the degradation of the quality of Berrechid groundwater. The aim of this study is to evaluate and map the vulnerability of the Berrechid aquifer using the DRASTIC and SINTACS models and to compare between them. The application of this methodology requires a GIS synthesizing a mass of data (geological, hydrogeological, Geophysics, etc.), is a real decision-making tool for water resources managers in the Chaouia region................

Keywords: Groundwater vulnerability, SINTACS, DRASTIC, pollution, Environment Berrechid plain.

[1]. Aboulouafa, M., Taouil, H., & Ibn Ahmed, S. (2016). Assessment of groundwater vulnerability and sensitivity to pollution in Berrechid plain, using drastic model, American journal of Engineering Research (AJER), Volume-5, Issue-2, pp-10-20 [2]. R. Hazan and L. Mouillard, « Notice hydrogéologique de la plaine de Berrechid ».
[3]. Ruhard, J.P. (1975). Chaouia et plaine de Berrechid. Ressources en eau du Maroc. Serve. Géol. Rabat. Maroc. II, N° 231.
[4]. L'Agence du Bassin Hydraulique du Bouregreg et de la Chaouia (ABHBC), (2015). Etat de la qualité des ressources en eau.
[5]. DAURIAC F., DESHAYES M., GILLON D., ROGER J.-M., (2001). Suivi de la teneur en eau de la végétation méditerranéenne par télédétection. Application au risque de feu de forêt. Colloque SIRNAT 2001 (Systèmes d'Information pour les Risques Naturels), Sophia Antipolis, 6-7 décembre 2001, 10 p.

As A New Research Field, Minimally Invasive Surgical Robot Technology Has Great Value For The Research And Development Of Motion Control System. From The Aspects Of Robot Configuration, Surgical Trajectory Planning And Control System, This Paper Introduces The Design And Implementation Of The Minimally Invasive Surgical Robot End Effector. The Control Strategy Of Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot, The Selection Of Control System Hardware And The Software Development Process Are Described. A New Type Of Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Adopts The Parallel Structure And The Control Strategy Based On The Calculated Torque/Displacement, Which Realizes The Control Of The Trajectory Tracking, And Can Complete The Simple Minimally Invasive Operation Under The Doctor's Operation.

Keywords: Minimally Invasive Surgical Robot; Robot Configuration; Trajectory Planning; Control System1

[1] Vu T D, Aycard O, Appenrodt N. Online Localization And Map-Ping With Moving Object Tracking In Dynamic Outdoor Environ-Ments[C]//IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2007: 190-195.
[2] Zhang Guanrong, Zhang Heng, Wang Sheng．Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery [J]．Journal Of Jiangsu University：Medical Science，2004，14(3)：243-244.
[3] Ginhoux R, Gangloff J, De Mathelin M, Et Al. Active Filtering Of Physiological Motion In Robotized Surgery Using Predictive Control[J]. IEEE Transactions On Robotics, 2005, 21(1): 67-79.
[4] Broeders I A M J, Ruurda J. Robotics Revolutionizing Surgery: The Intuitive Surgical"Da Vinci" System[J]. Industrial Robot, 2001, 28(5): 387-391.
[5] Satava R M. Surgical Robotics: The Early Chronicles-A Personal Historical Perspective. In Surgical Laparoscopy, In: Endoscopy & Percercutaneous Techniques, Lipincott & Willikins, Inc, Philadelphia, 2002,12: 6-16.

The aim of this research paper is to compare and analyze the effect of temperature on the octane number of reformate produced from heavy treated Naphtha of Nigerian crude during catalytic reforming. The continuous catalyst regeneration catalytic reforming process was simulated using Aspen Hysyscatalytic reformer template configured with four beds reactor.Treated heavy Napthene from Bonga Crude and Bonny Crude were used as feed for the process. It was observed that an increase in temperature lead to an increase in the octane number of reformateproduced as the values of Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON) were seen to increase from 79 to 94 and 67to 78 respectively............

Keywords: Research Octane Number, Motor Octane Number, Bonga Crude, Bonny Crude ,Catalytic eforming, Naphthene,Temperature

[1] Hassan A. I and Mourhaf A. Correlation between the Octane number of Motor gasoline and its boiling Range. Journal King Saud University,Volume 9, Engineering Sci. (2) PP 311-318 A.H 1417,1997.
[2] Albahri, T. A., Riazi M. R. and Alqattan, A. A.Fuel Chemistry Division Preprints, 2002,47(2), 711,
[3] Asian Clean Fuels Association, A Monthly Publication,Vol. 6 Issue 7 - October 2008

[4] Shuichi Kubo,Analysis of catalytic reforming characteristics of various Hydrocarbons, JSAE Annual congress No. 43-04,2004.
[5] Mohan L.Catalytic Reforming Process Catalysts and Reactors 6th Summer School on Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals Indian Institute of Petroleum Management Gurgaon, June 6-10, 2011..

There is a need to develop Land Information Management Systems (LIMS) for county governments in Kenya. In the year 2010, the Republic of Kenya promulgated a new constitution, which led to the introduction of forty seven county governments. Each of the counties is supposed to develop a LIMS. In this regard, a LIMS can be described as a Geographic Information System that is dedicated to cadastral maps and land registry records. An effective LIMS can contribute towards improving: land tenure security, real estate markets, access to credit, taxation and dispute resolution. The LIMS should also remedy the problem of paper land records, which are susceptible to wear and tear, can get lost............

Keywords: County Governments, Land Information Management Systems

[1] The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, Government Printer. Nairobi, Kenya.
[2] The County Governments Act, 2012, Government Printer. Nairobi, Kenya.
[3] Wade, T. and Sommer, S., 2006. A to Z GIS, An illustrated dictionary of geographic information systems. Esri Press.
[4] Williamson, I., Enemark, S., Wallace, J. and Rajabifard, A., 2010. Land administration for sustainable development (p. 487). Redlands, CA: ESRI Press Academic.
[5] United Nations. 2015. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf

The mechanical fixture for thread measurement is designed with SolidWorks. The overall design scheme, 3D design process of main components, the structure characteristic and using method of the fixture are introduced in this paper. It also describes the way of thread measurement, hardware design of mechanical fixture and the software development process. The practicability and rationality of the fixture are verified by virtual assemble.

Keywords: Mechanical fixture,Thread measurement, SolidWorks, Assemble

[1] Tong Yan, Li Lin, Tangjiangtao. Development direction of multi parameter detection of thread.Infrared and laser engineering, 2008,23: 227-229.

[2] Sun yujiu, Tang yingna, Qian feng. Comprehensive measurement and individual measurement of thread.Test and calibration,2007,27(3): 28-30.

[3] Xu xiaoen. Thread measurement, Beijing: Machinery Industry Press,2006.

[4] Liu rongyuan.Present situation and development trend of thread inspection technology. Fastener Technology, 2008,1: 33-35.

[5] Xu aiqun, Xiang zhanqin, Chen zichen. Development of non-contact automatic thread detector.Journal of Zhejiang University, 2015, 39(8),1180-1182.

Ultrasonic vibration (UV) turning is a method with micro-scale high frequency vibration on the cutting tool to make the tool-workpiece interaction a periodically separation and the direction of the friction between tool and chip changed in each cycle of the ultrasonic vibration .The investigations show that the turning efficiency，the micro topography of machined surface can be improved and the ware of cutting tool, the deformation zone in a workpiece can be reduced by the application of the ultrasonic vibration machining. Finite element software simulation are performed on turning in this paper to clarify the advantages of applying tool ultrasonic vibration. The separation-contact process of ultrasonic vibration cutting and compare of ultrasonic vibration cutting force and normal cutting cutting force are studied.

Keywords: Ultrasonic vibration turning,finite element simulation, cutting force

[1]. A. Schubert, A. Nestler, S. Pinternagel, H. Zeidler. Influence of ultrasonic vibration assistance on the surface integrity in turning of the aluminium alloy AA2017 [J]. Mat.-wiss. U. Werkstofftech.2011,42(7):658-665.
[2]. Xun Li, Deyuan Zhang. Ultrasonic elliptical vibration transducer driven by single actuator and its application in precision cutting[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006,180:91-95
[3]. Ahmed Syed Adnan, Sathyan Subbiah. Experimental investigation of transverse vibration assisted orthogonal cutting of AL-2024 [J]. International Journal of Machine Tools& Manufacture.2010,50:294-302.
[4]. Yang Liang, Lu Zesheng. Influence of amplitude on the precision ultrasonic vibration cutting dimension error of workpiece[J]. manufacturing technology and machine tool, 2007,3:92-96.
[5]. Masahiko Jin, Masao Murakawa. Development of a practical ultrasonic vibration cutting tool system[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2001,113:342-347.

Domination Theory is an important branch of Graph Theory that has wide range of applications to various branches of Science and Technology. A new family of graphs called Butterfly Graphs is introduced and study of its parameters is under progress. Butterfly Graphs are undirected graphs and are widely used in interconnection networks. The bondage number b(G) of a graph G is the minimum cardinality among all sets S  E(G) such that γ(G - S) > γ(G). In this paper bondage numbers of butterfly graph are studied for various values of n=2, 3, 4, then bondage number of BF(n) is generalized.

Keywords: Butterfly graph, Domination set, bondage number

[1]. Barth, D., Raspaud, A., Two edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles in the Butterfly Graph, Infrom. Process.
[2]. Lett. 51,(1994), 175-179
[3]. Berge, C., Theory of graphs and its Aplications ,Methuen, London(1962)
[4]. Bermond, J.C. Darrot, E. Delmos, Perennes, S., Hamilton Cycle
[5]. Decomposition of the butterfly Network, Parallel rocessing Letters,
[6]. Vol. 8,(1998),371-385

There have been investigated reactive properties of silicon avalanche photodiodes (MAPD- Micropixel Avalanche Photodiode) with deeply buried micropixels (amplification channels) within AC signal frequencies f=(50-500)kHz. By experiment is found out that measured capacitance of structures involving three p-n junctions in section passing through the pixels increases exponentially with Ufor (negative potential is applying to n-Si substrate) reaches maximum and at certain value Ufor= Uinv changes the sign becoming the negative capacitance (equivalent inductance)...................

Keywords: Micro-channel avalanche photodiode, p-n junction capacitance, p-n junction inductance, inversion voltage.

[1]. Z.Y. Sadygov. Micro-channel avalanche photodiode, Publish 10.02.2008, Patent №2316848 Russia, HOTL-31/06, Bull. №4.
[2]. Z.Y. Sadygov, F. Zerrouk, A.A. Dovlatov et. al., Performance of new micro-pixel avalanche photodiode from Zecotek Photonics, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A, 610, 2009, 381-383.
[3]. Z.Y. Sadygov, А.G. Olshevski, А.А. Dovlatov et.al. Micro-channel avalanche photodiode with rapid recovery time of parameters, Pisma v JTF, 39(11), 2013, 7-12.
[4]. E.A. Jafarova, Z. А. Iskenderzade, А.А. Dovlatov, E.S.Tapdygov, L.А. Alieva, Barrier capacitance of micro-pixel avalanche photodiodes. Transactions of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Physics and Astronomy, 37(2), 2013, 526-533.
[5]. E .A. Jafarova., Z.Y. Sadygov et. al., Barrier capacitance of micropixel avalanche photodiodes in different frequency, Proc.10th International Conference on Technical and Physical Problems Of Electrical Engineering, Baku, Azerbaijan, 2014, 247-256.