Domination Theory is an important branch of Graph Theory that has wide range of applications to various branches of Science and Technology. A new family of graphs called Butterfly Graphs is introduced recently and study of its parameters is under progress. Butterfly Graphs are undirected graphs and are widely used in interconnection networks. Let S be a subset of the set E of edges of G. Then the total bondage number bt(G) of G, is the minimum cardinality among all sets S such that γt(G - S) > γt(G). In this paper the values for total bondage number of butterfly graph of dimension n are presented.

Keywords: Butterfly graph, Domination set, Total bondage number

[1] Allan R.B., Laskar R.,Hedetniemi S.T., A note on total domination,Discrete Mathematics 49(1984)pp 7-13
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The publication suggests how to significantly improve the spacecraft center of mass movement stabilization accuracy in the active phases of trajectory correction during interplanetary and transfer flights, which in some cases provides for high navigation accuracy, when rigid trajectory control method is used.

Keywords: Space probe (SP), stabilization controller (SC), on-board computer (OC), gyro-stabilized platform (GSP), propulsion system (PS), angular velocity sensor (AVS), operating device (OD), space vehicle (SV), feedback (FB), control actuator (CA), control system (CS), angular stabilization (AS), center of mass (CM).

[1] Deep Impact Launch, Press Kit, January, 2005, NASA, USA.
[2] William H. Blume, Deep Impact Mission Design. Springler, Space Science Reviews, 2005, PP. 23-42.
[3] Matt Taylor, The Rosetta mission, ESA, 2011.
[4] Verdant M., Schwehm G.H., The International Rosetta Mission, ESA Bulletin, February, 1998.
[5] Nickolay Zosimovych, Modeling of Spacecraft Centre Mass Motion Stabilization System. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES), Volume 6, Issue 4 (April 2017), PP. 34-41. [132]

This paper proposes a novel fuzzy computational algorithm for IoT smart irrigation systems. It describes all the possible sensors, actuators and microcontrollers that could be used in the irrigation systems. Based on these sensors a novel system architecture is presented. The irrigation system continuously monitoring air temperature and humidity, and ground moisture. The ground humidity sensors are interspersed all over the field. The measurements are send in a microcontroller that applies a fuzzy computational algorithm and decides whether to open a servo valve or not. All the data collected from the microcontroller are sent to a cloud database for statistical information and processing.

Keywords: Iot, irrigation systems, fuzzy algorithms, precision farming.

[1] S. R. Kumbhar, Arjun P. Ghatule, "Microcontroller based Controlled Irrigation System for Plantation", Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, Vol. 2, March 2013.
[2] Halahan, P. B., McIntyre, J. P., Coopersmith, M., & Puckett, M., "System and Method for Smart Irrigation", U.S. Patent Application No. 14/612,229, 2015
[3] Ko, J., & Piccinni, G. (2009). "Corn yield responses under crop evapotranspiration-based irrigation management.", Agricultural Water Management, vol. 96, pp 799-808., 2009
[4] Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M., "Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56.", FAO, Rome, 300(9), D05109, 1998
[5] Migliaccio, K. W., Morgan, K. T., Fraisse, C., Vellidis, G., & Andreis, J. H. (2015). Performance evaluation of urban turf irrigation smartphone app.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 118, 136-142.

Exploratory discharge of produced water and drilling cuttings from oil and gas production has become a major source of pollutant to the biota. The aim of this study is to review previ-ous research on the environmental effect of such exploratory wastes with emphasis on the Niger Delta region. Drilling waste is composed of Aliphatic Hydrocarbon, Polynuclear Aro-matic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, ar-senic, copper, Iron, lead, manganese, zinc, barium and strontium among others which are toxic to the environment..............

Keywords: Produced water, drilling waste, environmental impact, offshore and onshore.

[1]. Aas, E., Bausant, T., Balk, L., Liewenborg,B., Anderson, O.K., (2000a) "" PAH Metabolites in bite , Cytochrome pusola and DNA adducts as Environmental risk parameters for chronic oil exposure : a laboratory experiment with Atlantic cod‟‟ Journal of Aquatic toxicol (51) 241-258.
[2]. Abdul Razaq, I., Abdul Hadi, A., Wan Rosli, W., Mohd Zaidi.,J Issham, I (2017) "" Drilling Fluid Waste Management in Drilling for Oil and Gas Wells‟‟Italian Association of chemical Engineering 56 Online at www.aidic.it/cet
[3]. Adewole, G. M., Adewale, T. M., and Ufuoma, E. (2010) 'Environmental aspect of oil and water-based drilling muds and cuttings from Dibi and Ewan Off-Shore wells in the Niger Delta, Nigeria 'African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 4 (5): 284-292
[4]. Aniefiok, E.Ite., Udo.,J .Ibok., Margaret, U.Ite., Sunday, W. Peters (2013) " Petroleum Exploration and Production: Past and Present Environmental issues in the Nigeria‟s Niger Delta‟,American Journal of Environmental Protection 1(4) 78-90

In mechanics, as in many scientific domains, information and data can be:deterministic (certainty known or with error - safety coefficient),probabilistic (random with known probability distribution),possibilistic (random known with an uncertainty factor on the reliability of the information. Parameters change in a known range, but the probability is unidentified).The probabilistic mechanical approaches aim to give an estimation of the solution when the information on the parameters of analyzed problem is uncertain.For some mechanical problems with probabilistic parameters, a constraint to be satisfied is added. In engineering design, the reliability analysis is an example of such constraint.In this paper, and for static probabilistic-reliability analysis, an approach reducing the size of numerical computing is proposed. It will be validated on static discrete and continuous systems having probabilistic parameters.

Keywords: Probabilistic, reliability, model reduction.

[1] D. Dubois, H. Prade, P. Smets, New semantics for quantitative possibility theory. In 2nd International Symposium on Imprecise and their Applications Ithaca, New York, 2001
[2] O. Dessombz, F. Thouverez, J.-P. La n , L. J z quel, Analysis of mechanical systems using interval computations applied to finite element methods, Journal of Sound and Vibration 239(5) 949-968, 2001.
[3] O. Dessombz. Analyse dynamique de structures comportant des paramètres incertains. Thèse de doctorat, Ecole centrale de Lyon 2000
[4] R. M. Moore. Interval Analysis. Prentice-Hall, 1966.
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Two destructive earthquakes happened on April 25 and May 12 in Nepal. These earthquakes have been ranked among the most significant ones due to their effects. The earthquakes were felt in many settlements. Nepal earthquakes caused considerable damage to buildings and to public facilities. The first damage assessment of constructions after earthquake has importance in order to prevent loss of life and property in coming earthquakes. In this study the effects of earthquakes on constructions in Nepal have been evaluated. The damages to reinforced-concrete (RC) and masonry structures after earthquake are evaluated and recommendations made in Nepal which is seismically active. The goal of this paper is to introduce major reasons for structural damages after earthquakes. The observed damages overlap with typical earthquake damages. It has been observed that the negative features of constructions have caused an increase in damage extent. The careless selection of the design and construction of structural systems has increased the damage extent..

Keywords: Nepal earthquake, masonry, reinforced concrete, structural damages

[1] Kundak S, Türkoğlu H,(2006) "Earthquake Risk Assessment for Istanbul", Journal of ITU, 6(2): 23-
[2] Işık, E. (2013), "The evaluation of existing buildings in Bitlis province using a visual screening method", Süleyman Demirel Univ. J. Nat. Appl. Sci., 17(1), 173-178.
[3] Dixit AM, Krishna Y, Guragain R, (2004)" Indigenous Skills and Practices of Earthquake Resistant Construction in Nepal", 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
[4] Dixit A M, (2004) "Promoting Safer Building Construction in Nepal", 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
[5] Chaulagain H, Rodrigues H, Spacone E, Varum H, (2012) "Reflection on the Seismic Vulnerability Associated to Common RC Buildings in Nepal" 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal

In the present study multiple linear regression technique was used to carry out the downscaling of GCM predictors.The large scale GCM predictors were obtained from the Global Climate Model namely CGCM3 (Canadian Global Climate model)and were related to locally observed precipitation and temperature at Pahalgam meteorologicalstation which is located in the Lidder River Basin.Appropriate predictand-predictor relationships were found outfor the region by carrying out regression analysis. So the future projections of climate were made for the basin upto 21st century using CGCM3 model. At the end of the 21st century the mean annual temperature of theLidder river basin is predicted to increase by 1.91°C, whereas the average annual precipitation is predicted to decrease substantially by 27.56% using CGCM3 model.

Keywords: General circulation models, Downscaling, Multiple linear regression

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[2]. Bates BC, Kundzewicz ZW, Wu S, Palutikof JP (2008) Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
[3]. Christensen JH, Hewitson B, Busuioc A, Chen A, Gao X, Held I, Jones R, Kolli RK, Kwon WT, Laprise R, Magana Rueda V, Mearns L,Menendez CG, R ´ ais¨ anen J, Rinke A, Sarr A, Whetton P (2007) Regional climate projections. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge
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The development of motor vehicle brake pad using locally available raw material is presented. The disc brake friction lining with the geometrical specifications of a Toyota Camry 2000 model was produced using palm kernel and coconut shells powder as base materials, epoxy resin (araldite) as binder materials and carbon as fibre reinforcement, aluminum, copper, zinc and cashew nut shell were used as abrasives rubber dust from shoe as filler.The experiment conducted, it was revealed that the co-efficient of friction of the pad material ranged from0.4-0.65, scratch hardness of 80-85, bonding strength of 25-27Kg/cm2 and wear rate of 0.025mm/min to 0.06mm/min as compared to the conventional brake pad material that has hardness of 80-85, bonding strength of 25-27kg/cm2and wear rate of 0.03-0.08mm/min.

Keywords: Break Pad, Local Materials, Wear Resistance, Strength, Friction

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[2]. Blau, P. (2001). Compositions, Functions and Testing of Friction Brake materials and their Additives. Technical Report ORNL/TM-2001/64, oaK Ridge National Laboratory, P29 available through NTIS, Spring field, Virginia.
[3]. Brinzey, A. E. (1991). Friction Material with Universal Core of Non- Asbestos Fibres. US pat 5041471. (United State Patent and Trademark Office).
[4]. Iloeje, O.C. Enetanya, A.N and Omenkukwu, R.C (1989). Development of Locally Sourced Friction Material. Sc. Ass of Nigeria Conf., Nsukka.
[5]. Seki, K. (1993).Non Asbestos Friction Material.Us Pad 5217528 (United States Patent and Trademark Office).