Adaptation of 3-D printing technology in manufacturing of proto-typing is increasing rapidly in customized low volume components. 3-D printing encompasses a wide range of additive manufacturing technologies, each of these builds objects in successive layers that are typically about 0.1 mm thin.The medical application for this technology is a promising and its usefulness with various advantages makes it very close to real time ones. There have many researches carried out in this field but various names have been suggested for near and very similar technologies. In this review an attempt is made to make out clear classification and categorization of the processes among various researches down the history.

Keywords: ASTM, 3-D Printing, Vat Photopolymerisation, Powder Bed Fusion, Binder Jetting, Material Jetting, Sheet Metal Lamination, Material Extrusion, Direct Energy Deposition.

[1]. Cian Vyas, Rúben Pereira, BoyangHuang,Fengyuan Liu, Weiguang Wang and Paulo Bartolo: "Engineering the vasculature with additive manufacturing"-Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering 2017, 2:1–13
[2]. Andrew J. Pinkerton:Lasers in additive manufacturing- Optics & Laser Technology, Elsevier publishers, 15 September 2015
[3]. F. Rengier · A. Mehndiratta · H. von Tengg-Kobligk ·C. M. Zechmann · R. Unterhinninghofen, H.-U.Kauczor · F. L. Giesel[3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications,2010]
[4]. Jabbar Qasim Al-Maliki, Alaa Jabbar Qasim Al-Maliki: "The Processes and Technologies of 3D Printing"- International Journal of Advances in Computer Science and Technology: Volume 4 No.10, October 2015.
[5]. 7 Families of Additive Manufacturing : According to ASTM F2792 Standards -Hybrid Manufacturing Technologies. www.hybridmanutech.com]

The objective of our study was to change the chemical characteristics of the soil in Vlora, Albania according to the different conditions of the land use: Arable land, Non-Arable land and Barely (Hordeum Vulgaris). The experiment was held during 2013-2014 in Shamogjin, Vlore, the experimental area for the Frantoio cultivar, which is 250 m2. The analyzed elements were: pH, OM, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn. The chemical analyzes of the soil and leaves were analyzed in the Transfer Center of Technologies in Fushe-Kruje. The data analysis was made by using the SPSS program, version 23.0. According to the results there was no clear superiority of the ways how to use the soil despite of the significant differences in the data found for the analyzed elements. It is advisable that these experiments should be repeated for a long period of time with the aim to choose appropriately the best system of the usage of the olive soil.

Keywords: Chemical characteristics, soil, Frantoio cultivar, Olea Europea, Systems of the soil management.

[1]. Lopez, Curvo, S., 1990R. La erosion en los suelos agrícolas y forestrales de Andalucia. Collección Congresos y Jornadas N°17/1990. 11-16. Junta de Andalucia. Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca, pp. 11-16
[2]. Kabo P., 1991. Gjeografia Fizike e Shqiperise. Volumi 1., pp 74-80.
[3]. Gomez J.A., P. Romero, J.V. Giraldez&E.Fereres 2004. Experimental assessment of runoff and soil erosion in an olive grove on a Vertic soil in Southern Spain as affected by soil management. Soil Use and Management (20), pp: 426-431
[4]. López-Bermúdez, F., García-Ruiz, J.M., 2008. La degradación del suelo por erosion hídrica en España. In: Cerdà, A. (Ed.), Erosión y degradación del suelo agrícola en España. Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, pp. 11–49.
[5]. Freeman, M. Uriu, K.y Hartmann, H.T. 1994. Diagnosing and correcting nutrient problems, En: Ferguson, L., Sibbett, G.S. y Martin, G.C. Olive Production Manual. Universidad de California. Publ. 3353: 77-86.

In any construction activity the most commonly used fine aggregate is sand derived from river banks. River sand has been the most popular choice for the fine aggregate component of concrete in the past, but overuse of the material has led to environmental concerns, the depleting of river sand deposits and an increase in the price of the material. To investigate the possibility of using crushed stone dust as fine aggregate partially with different grades of concrete composites. The suitability of crushed dust as fine aggregate for concrete has been assessed by comparing its basic properties with that of controlled concrete. One mix was selected for natural sand to achieve M30 grade concrete. The equivalent mix was obtained by replacing natural sand by crusher dust partially. The test result indicates that crushed stone dust waste can be used effectively used to replace natural sand in concrete.

Keywords: Crusher dust, Compressive strength, Fine Aggregate

[1.] Anzar Hamid Mir (2015) "Improved Concrete Properties Using Quarry Dust as Replacement for Natural Sand", International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 11, Issue 03.
[2.] Hanumanthu,K. Manugula,SS. and Prathik Kulkarni.(2016) "Experimental Investigation on Concrete by Replacing Crusher Dust as Fine Aggregate and Granite Chips as Coarse Aggregate". International Journal of Research In Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
[3.] James,T. Malachi,A. Gadzama,E,W. Anametemoka,V.(2016) "Effect of curing methods on the compressive strength of concrete", Nigerian Journal of Technology Vol. 30, No. 3.
[4.] Kholia ,A. Binita A Vyas and Tank,T,G.(2013) ,"Effect on Concrete by Different Curing Method and Efficiency of Curing Compounds", International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945.
[5.] Lakhan Nagpal, Arvind Dewangan and Sandeep Dhiman, Sumit Kumar(2013) "Evaluation of Strength Characteristics of Concrete Using Crushed Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate", International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)" ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-6.

Convulsion is one of the most common neurological disorder whose outward effects is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled jerking of the body as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness. Even the majority of patients can be treated through medication or surgery, a significant group of patients cannot be treated. For this latter group of patients it is advisable to follow the evolution of the disease. This can be done through a long-term automatic monitoring.

Keywords: Convulsions, Diagnostic Methods, Methods of Treatment, Convulsion Detection.

[1] K Cuppens, "Detection of Epileptic Seizures based on Video and Accelerometer Recordings", pp. 01-22, Dec 2012.
[2] K.V. Pardeshi, PA Dhulekar, "Detection of Epileptic Seizure Patient", Springer International Conference on Smart Trends for Information Technology and Computer Communications, Pages 757-767, 2016.
[3] Kiran Kale, Sushant Pawar and Pravin Dhulekar, "Moving Object Tracking Using Optical Flow and Motion Vector Estimation" Published in IEEE 4th International conference on reliability, Infocom technologies and optimization (ICRITO 2015), 2-4 Sept 2015.
[4] A. Van de Vel, K. Cuppens, B. Bonroy, M. Milosevic, S. Van Huffel, B. Vanrumste, L. Lagae, B. Ceulemans, Long term home monitoring of hypermotor seizures by patient-worn accelerometers, Epilepsy & Behavior, accepted for publication, 2012.

In this paper comparison of various Wavelet Transform with various color spaces using Image transforms alias DCT, Haar, And Slant for "Color to Gray and Back‟. Using Wavelet transform color information of the image is embedded into its gray scale version/equivalent. The aim of the paper is to provide better bandwidth and storage utilization instead of using the original color image for storage and transmission, gray (Gray scale version with embedded color information) can be used. Using three wavelet transforms and seven color spaces (YCbCr, YCgCb, YUV, YIQ, XYZ , YCC, Kekre‟s LUV And CMY) Twenty-Four variations of the algorithm for "Color to Gray and Back‟ are being proposed. Among all considered image transforms and color spaces, Discreet Cosine Transform (DCT) gives better performance with YCbCr color space for "Color to gray and Back‟.

Keywords: Color Embedding, Color-to-Gray Conversion, Transforms, Color Space, Image Colorization, Information Hiding, Wavele.

[1] H. B. Kekre, Sudeep D. Thepade, Ratnesh N. Chaturvedi Improved Performance for "Color to Gray and Back" using DCT-Haar, DST-Haar, Walsh-Haar, Hartley-Haar, Slant-Haar, Kekre-Haar Hybrid Wavelet Transforms International Journal of Advanced Computer Research (ISSN (print): 2249-7277 ISSN (online): 2277-7970) Volume-3 Number-3 Issue-11 September-2013
[2] T. Welsh, M. Ashikhmin and K.Mueller, Transferring color to grayscale image, Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH 2002, vol.20, no.3, pp.277-280, 2002.
[3] Levin, D. Lischinski and Y. Weiss, Colorization using Optimization, ACM Trans. on Graphics, vol.23, pp.689-694, 2004.
[4] T. Horiuchi, "Colorization Algorithm Using Probabilistic Relaxation," Image and Vision Computing, vol.22, no.3, pp.197-202, 2004
[5] L. Yatziv and G.Sapiro, "Fast image and video colorization using chrominance blending", IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol.15, no.5, pp.1120-1129, 2006

The advancement of the Friction Stir Welding has given another improved method to creating aluminum joints, in a speedier and solid way. In present investigation the impacts of welding process parameters on the Vickers micro hardness of dissimilar aluminum alloy (AA5083 - AA6061) joints created by Friction Stir Welding is analyzed. Tool rotational speed, welding speed and tool tilt angle have been taken as process parameters. Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE), Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and main effect plot were utilized to calculate the significant parameters and set the optimal level for every parameter. Confirmation trials were performed on the optimum level...........

Keywords: Dissimilar aluminum alloy, Friction Stir Welding, process parameters, Taguchi design, Vickers micro hardness.

[1]. COLLIGAN K. Material flow behaviour during friction stir welding of aluminum [J].Welding Journal, 7: 229s-237s, 1999.
[2]. LIU H J, FUJI H, MAEDA M, NOGI K. Mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of 1050-H 24 aluminum alloy [J]. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, , 8: 450-454, 2003.
[3]. BARCELLONA A, BUFFA G, FRATINI L, PALMERI D. On micro structural phenomena occurring in friction stir welding of aluminum alloys [J]. Materials Processing Technology, 177: 340-343, 2006.
[4]. LEE W B. Mechanical properties related to microstructural variation of 6061 Al alloy joints by friction stir welding [J].Material Transactions, 45(5): 1700-1705. 2004.
[5]. R.S. Mishra, Z.Y. Ma, "Friction stir welding and processing", Materials Science and Engineering 50, pp. 1-78, 2005.

Aluminium is widely used for Aerospace, Automotive, Marine, Rail, Building, Packaging and Mechanical industry and engineering applications because of its ease in fabrication and the moderate strength it posses. Comprising a little over 8% of the earth's crust, aluminium is the most abundant metal on the planet. It is the third most common element after oxygen and silicon. In our lifestyles and built atmosphere, aluminium products are nowadays as abundant. Since its commercial production began little more than a century ago, aluminium has become the material of choice for a diverse range of application and utilities. The natural qualities of aluminium and its alloy are positive deciding factors for designers, manufacturers and industrial user who will be always on the beware for better- performing materials and modern processes. Deposition of zinc on aluminium by mechanical process is challenging to improve the surface characteristics of aluminium. The corrosion resistances of steel were improved due to deposition of zinc. Solid metal deposited on another solid by mechanical action.........

Keywords: Coating, Friction surfacing ,metallurigical bonding, properties of inter surface and Process parameters. XRD analysis.

[1] M. P. Dewar, A. G. McDonald and A. P. Gerlich, 2012, Interfacial heating during low-pressure cold-gas dynamic spraying of mild steel coatings Journal of Materials Science, Volume 47, Number 1, Pages 184-198.
[2] H. Lee, H. Shin and K. Ko Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2010, Effects of Gas Pressure of Cold Spray on the Formation of Al-Based Intermetallic Compound Volume 19, Numbers 1-2, Pages 102-109.
[3] Heli Koivuluoto and Petri Vuoristo,2010, Structural Analysis of Cold-Sprayed Nickel-Based Metallic and Metallic-Ceramic Coatings Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Volume 19, Number 5, Pages 975-989.
[4] J. G. Legoux, E. Irissou and C. Moreau, 2007,Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Formation Mechanism of Cold-Sprayed Mild steel, Zinc and Tin Coatings Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Volume 16, Numbers 5-6, Pages 619-626.
[5] K. Ogawa, K. Ito, K. Ichimura, Y. Ichikawa and S. Ohno, et al. 2008, Characterization of Low-Pressure Cold-Sprayed Mild steel Coatings Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Volume 17, Numbers 5-6, Pages 728-735

Present in this research work is the evaluation of the mechanical properties and the simulation of sisal/jute hybrid polymer composite properties in comparison to a model metal steel automobile chassis panel. Mechanical behavior of composite material depends on many factors such as fibre content, orientation, types, length etc. A hybrid composite is a combination of two or more different types of fibre balance the deficiency of another fibre. An effort made by this work is to evaluate the behavior of sisal/jute fibre reinforced in polyester based hybrid composites compared to mild steel material. Stress/strain and displacement analysis using solidworks explorer software carried out for structural simulation of the hybrid composite. Sisal/Jute Polymer composite analyzed using solid work explorer software attained maximum Von Mises...........

Keywords: Sisal, Jute, Hybrid, Stress, deformation, Unsaturated Polyester.

[1]. Agunsoye, J.O, Aigbodion, V. S. (2013). Bagasse Filled Recycled Polyethylene Bio-composites; morphological and mechanical properties study, Result in Physics 3, 187-194
[2]. Alsina O.L.S. , Carvalho L.H.D., Filho F.G.R.Filho, Almeida J.R.M.D. (2005) Polym. Test. 24 1 81
[3]. Arib, R.M, Sapuan S.M (2006) Mechanical Properties of pineapple leaf fibre reinforced Polypropylene composites, Mater. Des 27, 291-396
[4]. Atuanya C. U., Ibhadode A. O. A., Igboanugo A. C. (May 2011) Potential of using recycled low-density polyethylene in wood composites board, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 5(5), pp. 389-396,
[5]. Anaidhuno U. P., Ologe. O. S., Maduike. F. (2017) The effect of orientation and fibre combination ratio of sisal/jute polymer composite tensile property using unsaturated polyester and Bisphenol A resin, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol. 3, pp. 454-465