Considering the epileptic power supply in Nigeria and other developing countries today, a high demand of an alternative service is required. A single phase automatic change over switch from the public mains supply to the auxiliary supplies (single phase ac generator) and vice-versa has been developed. The design was realized using major components like a step down transformer (220V-12V dc), atmega8 microcontroller, rectifiers, voltage regulators, 555 timers, relays, circuit breaker and others like resistors, diodes, and capacitors. The device automatically switches from public mains to an auxiliary whenever there is an outage in the public mains. This device also detects the public main power supply when available and switches from auxiliary power supply to the mains with a delay period of 4 secondsin starting and switching off the generator. The device has been constructed successfully, and it demonstrated a tendency to automatically switch from mains to the auxiliarysource and vice-versa without human interception.

Keywords: Automatic change over switch, Atmega8 microcontroller, contactors, relays, 555 timers

[1]. Eshovo M. O.&Salawu A.(2017). Design, Construction and Testing of Voltage Sensitive Single-Phase Automatic Changeover Switch for Low Power Generators. FUW Trends in Science and Technology Journal, www.fistjournal.com, vol. 2, No.1A, pp 223-226.
[2]. Kolo, J. G. (2007). Design and Construction of an Automatic Power Changeover Switch. AU Journal of Technicial Report, 11(2), 1–6.
[3]. Gary Rochis&Glen Mazur(2001). Electrical Motor Controls. 9780826916754: Amazon.com: Books
[4]. Ahmed, M. S., Mohammed, A. S., &Agusiobo, O. B. (2006). Development of a Single Phase Automatic Change Over Switch. AU Journal of Technicial Report, 10(1), 68–74.
[5]. C, E. K., Uchenna, N., Henry, O. kelechi, &Amaka, E. (2015). Microcontroller Based Power Change-Over Switching System With Generator Shutdown. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 2(8), 2184–2189.

Although cloud computing is a new model of computing with a lot of benefits, it has difficult challenges to be resolved in order to enhance the performance of cloud environment. The most important from these challenges are related to power consumption, load balancing management, fault tolerance and different security issues. In this research, the essential interest is the cloud computing fault tolerance based on load balancing. Load balancing is the technique of distributing the work load among various virtual machines (VMs) of the cloud to avoid the situation where some of the resources are heavily loaded and others resources are unemployed.

Keywords: Cloud computing;online taskscheduling;hill-climbing; fault tolerance; reliability;load balancing

[1] Adel Nadjaran Toosi, Rodrigo N. Calheiros, and Rajkumar Buyya, "Interconnected Cloud Computing Environments: Challenges, Taxonomy, and Survey," ACM Comput. Survey (CSUR)., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 1-7, may 2014.
[2] Medhat A. Tawfeek,Gamal F. Elhady , "A Comparative Study into Swarm Intelligence Algorithms for Dynamic Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing", IEEE Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems (ICICIS), 2015
[3] Elina Pacini, Cristian Mateos, and Carlos GarcAa Garino, "Distributed Job Scheduling based on Swarm Intelligence: A survey," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 252-269, 2014.
[4] Akinlolu Olumide Akande, Nozuko Aurelia April, and Jean-Paul Van Belle, "Management Issues with Cloud Computing," in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Computing and Cloud Computing, New York, USA, pp. 119-124, 2013.

The effect of nut exit configurations on rotor on the production of whole kernels in centrifugal palm nut cracker was investigated. In this study four configurations namely: single flat arm, double flat arm, rectangular arm and sleeve-less arm were run each at six speeds to discharge nuts onto impact surface of cracking drum. The percentages of whole kernels produced per configuration per speed were evaluated. The rectangular arm configuration recorded the highest release of whole kernels. The rotor speed range of 31 to 33 m/s was favourable for whole kernels production irrespective of the exit configurations.

Keywords: Configuration, Kernel, Nut, Rotor, Speed.

[1]. H. Mahmud, M. Z. Jumaat, and U. J. Alengaram, "Influence of Sand/Cement ratio on Mechanical Properties of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete", Journal of Applied Science, 9(9):2009 , 1764-1769.
[2]. E. K. Gbadam, S. Anthony, and E. K. Asiam, "Determination of some Design Parameters for Palm nut Crackers", European Journal of Scientific Research. 38(2):2009, 315-327.
[3]. O. O. Antia, K. O. Obahiagbon, E. Aluyor, and P. Ebunilo, "Modeling of some related parameters for cracking palm nut in a centrifugal nut cracker", Advanced Material Research, 824: 2003, 255-261.
[4]. FAO, "Small Scale Palm Oil Processing in Africa", FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin, 148:2009, 1-56.
[5]. M. H. Rohaya, A. B. Nasrin, M. B. Wahid, C. Y. MAY, R. RAMLI, M. A. NGAN, and R. MENON, "Maximizing the recovery of dry kernel and shell via a four-stage winnowing Column", MPOB Information Series,ISSN 154-7871. MPOB TT 427: 2009, 468-471.

According to the characteristics of a long-span concrete box girder bridge, the determination of concrete parameters and boundary conditions in the numerical simulation process of hydrated heat temperature field were introduced and analyzed in detail. In this type of bridge structure, the construction of the box girder has a very important role in the project. The characteristic of the box girder is a complicated structure, which has a large volume of hydration heat on concrete during the construction process. This has a great influence on the safety, because cement will release a lot of heat in the process of hydration, internal temperature will rise rapidly over a period of time, at this temperature the difference between the internal and external temperature will attend a certain value which may lead concrete surface cracks, thereby affecting the safety of the project...............

Keywords: PC box girder, bridge engineering, hydration heat, temperature field, numerical simulation

[1]. Pane, I. and W. Hansen, Investigation of blended cement hydration by isothermal calorimetry and thermal analysis. [J] Cement and concrete research, 2005. 35(6): p. 1155-1164.
[2]. Li, D., M.A. Maes, and W.H. Dilger, Thermal design criteria for deep prestressed concrete girders based on data from Confederation Bridge. [J] Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2004. 31(5): p. 813-825.
[3]. Misal, V.U., N. Gore, and P. Salunke, Analysis and design of prestressed concrete girder. [J] International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences (IJIES), 2014. 2, (2).
[4]. Abid, S.R., N. Tayi, and M. Ozakca, Experimental analysis of temperature gradients in concrete box-girders. [J] Construction and Building Materials, 2016. 106: p. 523-532.
[5]. Mi, J., Experimental of Temperature Fields for Hydration Heat in A High Hollow Concrete Pier. [J] Revista de la Facultad de Ingeniería, 2017. 31(12).

Vertical irregularities are one of the essential motives of failures of systems during earthquakes. The effect of vertically irregularities within the seismic overall performance of systems will become definitely vital. Peak-wise changes in stiffness and mass render the dynamic traits of those buildings exceptional from the ordinary building. The irregularity within the building structures may be due to irregular distributions in their mass, strength and stiffness along the height of building. Whilst such buildings are built in high seismic zones, the analysis and design turns into more complexes. The main objective of the analysis is to study the behaviour of flat slab system in vertical irregular multi-storied building against different forces acting on it during earthquake. The analysis is carried out using STAAD Pro2007 software..............

Keywords: Flat slab, Response Spectrum Analysis, Geometric Vertical Irregularity

[1]. Prabesh Sharma., D.R Rajendra .S, Vanisree C.N. (2016)."Scrutinizing the Structural Response of Regular and Irregular Structure (With and Without Shear Wall) Subjected to Seismic and Wind Loading." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 4(3), 353 – 359.
[2]. Maikesh Chouhan., Ravi Kumar Makode (2016)."Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Frame-Shear Wall Building Considering SSI." Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 6(8) part-I, 31-35.
[3]. Navjot Kaur Bhatia.,Tushar Golait,(2016). "Studying the Response of Flat Slabs & Grid Slabs Systems in Conventional RCC Buildings." International Journal of Trend in Research and Development,3(3), 334-337.
[4]. Mohd Atif., Prof. Laxmikant Vairagade., Vikrant Nair., (2015)."COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTISTOREY BUILDING STIFFENED WITH BRACING AND SHEAR WALL." International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2(5), 1158-1170.
[5]. Akil Ahmed (2015). "Dynamic Analysis of Multi-storey RCC Building Frames." International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology, 89-94.

In this paper we have developed a two- stage supply chain production inventory model for deteriorating product with time dependent demand. Shortages are allowed in the retailer's inventory. This model is developed for finite time horizon. To make this study close to reality the production rate is assumed to be a function of demand rate. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis with respect to different associated parameter is also presented to illustrate the study.

Keywords: Supply chain, inventory, deterioration, time dependent demand, shortage.

[1]. RaoY. S, K. SR, V.v.s. KR (2012) Optimal Ordering Policies of a Two Echelon Supply Chain for Deteriorating Items. Int J ComputApplTechnol 43:27–33
[2]. Chang H-C (2014) An analysis of production-inventory models with deteriorating items in a two-echelon supply chain. Appl Math Model 38:1187–1191
[3]. Tayal S, Singh SR, Sharma R, Chauhan A (2014) Two echelon supply chain model for deteriorating items with effective investment in preservation technology. Int J Math Oper Res 6:84
[4]. Khurana D, Pundir SR, Tayal S (2015) A Supply Chain Production Inventory Model for Deteriorationg Product with Stock Dependent Demand under Inflationary Environment and Partial Backlogging. Int J ComputApplTechnol 131:6–12
[5]. Teimoury E, Kazemi SMM (2017) An Integrated Pricing and Inventory Model for Deteriorating Products in a two stage supply chain under Replacement and Shortage. Scientia Iranica 24:342–354

Crankshaft is one of the critical components for the effective and precise working of the internal combustion engine. In this paper a static simulation is conducted on a crankshaft from a single cylinder 4- stroke diesel engine. A three-dimension model of diesel engine crankshaft is created using solids work software. Finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to obtain the variation of stress magnitude at critical locations of crankshaft. Simulation inputs are taken from the engine specification chart. The static analysis is done using FEA Software ANSYS which resulted in the load spectrum applied to crank pin bearing. This load is applied to the FEA model in ANSYS, and boundary conditions are applied according to the engine mounting conditions. The analysis is done for finding critical location in crankshaft. Stress variation over the engine cycle and the effect of torsion and bending load in the analysis are investigated. Von-meshes stress is calculated using theoretically and FEA software ANSYS. The relationship between the frequency and the vibration modal is explained by the modal and harmonic analysis of crankshaft using FEA software ANSYS.

Keywords: Diesel Engine, Crankshaft, Solid Works Software, Finite Element Analysis, Stress Analysis.

[1]. Heitner j: automotive mechanics,2 nd edition

[2]. Mathur M.L.& Sharma: IC engines, dhanpat rai publ

[3]. Hillier and pittuck: fundamentals of motor vehicle technology,3 rd edition, Hutchinson, 1981.

[4]. Machine elements: pc Sharma and Aggarwal D.K. [5]. Machine elements: Jian R.K.

[6]. Design machine elements members: Bhandari V.B.

The increasing global temperature is in an alarming situation and the most prominent causes of which is increase in the emission of green house gases. Among numerous sources leading to green house gas emissions, sewage treatment plants are also responsible for GHGs (greenhouse gases) production mainly contributing to increasing carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide that are produced during biological treatment processes and off-site electricity production. Reducing these emissions from the sewage treatment plants is a major concern. In this study, it has been attempted to estimate the emissions of green house gases from the proposed sewage treatment plant in Satna city in Madhya Pradesh and suggest remedial measures for the same.

Keywords: Green House Gases, Global Temperature, Activated Sludge Process, Sewage treatment plant, Methane, Sequence Batch Reactor

[1]. S. R. Das, "Estimation of Greenhouse Gases Emissions from Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants at Windsor," University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, 2011.
[2]. A. M. A. G. L. G. Mayan Mrinal, "Evaluation of Green House Gases Emissions from Sewage Treatment Plants," International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJRET), vol. 3, no. 5, 2016.
[3]. Central Pollution Control Board, "Status of Sewage Treatment in India," Central Pollution Control Board, 2005.
[4]. M. G. (. T. H. (. W. I. (. Jim Penman (UK), "2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories," 2006.
[5]. Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Gurgaon, Haryana, "Satna City Development Plan 2035," Government of Madhya Pradesh, 2011.

Kao Corporation almost lost brand its been used since February 1980 and Biore trademark has been registered since 1982. PT Singtong Abadi, using trademarks of Biorf, for cosmetics, powder for women, perfume, skin lotion, shampoo and soap. Kao Corporation sued PT Sintong Abadi. This trademark dispute is heard at the Central Jakarta Commercial Court (Central Jakarta District Court). However Kao Corporation lost and eventually this problem continued until the Supreme Court. At the highest court, the Supreme Court won the appeal of Kao Corporation with the number 590K/Pdt.Sus/2012 in this case the judge annulled Biorf's trademark registration. The results showed that criterion of the equation principally in Act no. 15 of 2001 regarding Marks which has now been changed into law no...............

Keywords: Trademark Dispute, Biore, Biorf.

[1]. Abdulkadir Muhammad, Economic Law Review Intellectual Property Rights, (Bandung: Citra Aditya, 2001).
[2]. Ahmadi M. Ramli, Cyber Law and Intellectual Property Rights in the Indonesian Legal System , (Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2004).
[3]. Darmadi Durianto, et al. Market Conquering Strategy Through Brand Equity Brand Research, (Jakarta: Gramedia Utama Pustaka, 2001).
[4]. Insan Budi Maulana and Yoshiro Sumida, Protection of Indonesian Brand Business, (Jakarta, Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 1994).

In this work, we have successfully applied one of the most effective semi - empirical interatomic potentials called embedded atom method EAM to calculate some thermodynamics properties of refractory metals (Nb, Ta, Mo and W). Our theoretical calculated values for mono-vacancy formation energy are in excellent agreement with the available experimental values. Among these metals, the highest f v E1 is obtained for W. It is well known that the value of the mono-vacancy formation energy of each metal is directly proportional to its cohesive energy. i.e. the lower the cohesive energy is, the lower the mono-vacancy formation energy and vice versa. The trend exhibited by these metals whose mono-vacancy migration energies were computed revealed that migration energies are small but cannot be negative....................

Keywords: ................

[1]. Agunbiade G. S, Akande T. H. and Matthew-Ojelabi F. Modelling of Na, K & Cs Alkali Metals and their Binary Alloys Using a Simple Analytical Embedded Atom Method (EAM). Accepted for publication: IOSR-JAP, (2017) India, .
[2]. Ahmad E., Akhter J. I. and Ahmad M. Computational Material Science, 31; (2004) 309.
[3]. Akhter J. I., Yaldram K. and Ahmad W. Solid status comm. 98 (1996) p1043.
[4]. Daw M. S. and Baskes M. I. Semiemperical, Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, (1983) 1285-1288.
[5]. Foiles M. I. Surface Segregation and Related Phenomena edited by P.A. Dowben and Miller, A. (CRC, Boca Raton) Vol. 1 (1990) P.79.

ThisworkpresentsadevelopedMasterProductionScheduling(MPS)optimizationmodel..............

Keywords: GeneticAlgorithm,MATLAB,Evolver,LinearProgramming.

[1]. N.-.LinandL.Krajewski,"AModelforMasterProductionSchedulinginUncertainEnvironments,"DecisionSciences,vol.23,pp.839-861,1992.
[2]. S.C.K.Chu,"Amathematicalprogrammingapproachtowardsoptimizedmasterproductionscheduling,"InternationalJournalofProductionEconomics,vol.38,pp.269-279,1995/03/01/1995.
[3]. G.ErnaniVieira*andP.C.Ribas,"Anewmulti-bjectiveoptimizationmethodformasterproductionschedulingproblemsusingsimulatedannealing,"InternationalJournalofProductionResearch,vol.42,pp.4609-4622,2004/11/012004.
[4]. M.M.SoaresandG.E.Vieira,"Anewmulti-objectiveoptimizationmethodformasterproductionschedulingproblemsbasedongeneticalgorithm,"TheInternationalJournalofAdvancedManufacturingTechnology,vol.41,pp.549-567,2009/03/012009.

This paper presents classification techniques for analyzing mushroom dataset. Artificial Mushroom dataset is composed of records of different types of mushrooms, which are edible or non- edible. Aritificial Neural Network and Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy inference system are used for implementation of the classification techniques. Different techniques used for classification like ANN, ANFIS and Naïve Bayes are used to categorize different mushrooms as edible or non-edible. The performance of the different techniques is evaluated using accuracy, MAE, kappa statistic. After analyzing the results it was found that Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy inference System outperformed the other techniques with highest accuracy, lowest mean absolute error and ANN is the second best performer. If size of training set is increased, the accuracy also increased with respect to training set.

Keywords: Accuracy , ANN, Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy Inference system, Classification , MSE ,Kappa statistic

[1]. S. Beniwal, and B. Das, "Mushroom classification using Data Mining Techniques", International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 6(1): (B), 2015, 1170-1176,.
[2]. R. Bala ,D. Kumar, "Classification Usin ANN: A Review" , International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, Vol.13, 2017, 1811-1820.
[3]. J. Han and M. Kamber, Data mining: concepts and techniques, 2nd ed. Amsterdam ; Boston : San Francisco, CA: Elsevier ; Morgan Kaufmann, 2006.
[4]. A. D. Wilson, "Diverse Applications of Electronic-Nose Technologies in Agriculture and Forestry", Sensors 2013, 13, 2013,2295-2348.
[5]. Z. Peterlin, Y. Li, G. Sun, R. Shah, S. Firestein,K. Ryan, "The importance of odorant conformation to the binding and activation of a representative olfactory receptor" Chem. Biol.Vol. 15, 2008, 1317–1327.

In general, the objective of transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem is the assurance of adequate future load supply via optimally expanding and also reinforcing the facilities of transmission as well. More non linear and linear programming has been already used for solving the TEP problem. This paper comes out with a deep analysis on the TEP problem. Some 15 papers are processed under reviewing various TEP models. Finally, the results of analysis is subjected in the upcoming sections under various forms like diagrammatic representation and tabulation that reviews the work in terms of proposed models and performance measures.

Keywords: TEP; Linear Programming; Non-linear Programming; Algorithmic Analysis; Performance Measures

[1]. S. Dehghan, N. Amjady and A. J. Conejo, "Adaptive Robust Transmission Expansion Planning Using Linear Decision Rules", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 4024-4034, Sept. 2017.
[2]. Y. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Li and X. Wang, "An Extension of Reduced Disjunctive Model for Multi-Stage Security-Constrained Transmission Expansion Planning", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1092-1094, Jan. 2018.
[3]. Y. Li, J. Wang and T. Ding, "Clustering-based chance-constrained transmission expansion planning using an improved benders decomposition algorithm", IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 935-946, 2 27 2018.