The article consists of a novel compact disc patch antenna with S-shaped slot. It is proposed that it operates on multiband covering the applications in WiMAX, WLAN, X-bands and ITU of frequency. The multiband behavior of proposed antenna with a wide band (6.091-7.27) is achieved, mainly due to the appropriate placing of two shorting pins, S-shaped slots on the circular disc patch and the material of the substrate used. The designed antenna operates at resonating frequencies of 2.63 GHz, 3.12 GHz, 4.52 GHz, 6.68 GHz and 8.32 GHz respectively. It is suitable for WiMAX, WLAN, C-band (4-8 GHz) and ITU. The geometry is then simulated using available IE3D software and the results are measured. It is found that the agreements between the simulated and experimental results are very good.

Keywords: Multiband antenna, WIMAX, WLAN, disc, shorting pin, IE3D, ITU (International Telecommunication Union).

[1]. Surendra K. Gupta, Ashish Sharma, Binod K. Kanaujia, Shekar Rudra, Ritu Raj Mishra and G.P. pandey, "Orthogonal slit cut stacked circular patch Microstrip antenna for Multiband operation". Microwave Optical Technology letters/ Volume 55, No. 4, April 2013
[2]. L. Shafai, Antenna engineering handbook, McGraw-Hill, NewYork, 2007.
[3]. C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Desin, Wiley-Interscience,2012
[4]. Y.F. Caw, S.W. Cheung. Senior Member. IEEE and T.I.Yuk, Member, IEEE, "A Multiband Slot Antenna for GPS/WIMAX/WLAN Systems". IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation
[5]. J. A. Ansari, SapnaVerma, and Ashish Singh, "Design and Investigation of Disk Patch Antenna with QuadC-Slots for Multiband Operations". Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology, Volume 2014.

We design and assess an algorithm to detect a multi-pixel target of an unknown spatial size, shape and position in a sequence of images in the presence of an additive Gaussian background clutter and a channel noise. The presence of the target decreases the background plus noise power that hence may be different under the null and alternative hypotheses. We use the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) approach to derive a modified multi-pixel matched subspace detector (MMMSD) that is sensitive to both energy in the target subspace and reduced energy in the orthogonal subspace. The derived algorithm combines the multi-pixel matched subspace detector and multi-pixel background-plus-noise power change detector in a unique scheme. The crucial characteristic of the proposed detector is that prior knowledge of the target size, shape and position is not required.............

Keywords: Multi-pixel subspace detection, sequence of optical digital images, signal-dependent background clutter.

[1]. C.D. Wang, Adaptive spatial/temporal/spectral filters for background clutter suppression and target detection, Optical Engineering, 21(12),1982, 1033-1038.
[2]. A. Borghgraef, O. Barnich, F. Lapierre, M. Van Droogenbroeck, W. Philips, and M. Acheroy, An Evaluation of Pixel-Based Methods for the Detection of Floating Objects on the Sea Surface, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2010, art. ID 978451.
[3]. E. Jeff Holder, Orthogonal Space Projection (OSP) Processing for Adaptive InterferenceCancellation, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 21(8), 2014. 980-984.
[4]. T. M. Tu, C. H. Chen, and C. I. Chang, A Noise Subspace Projection Approach to Target Signature Detection and Extraction in an Unknown Background for Hyperspectral Images, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 36(1),1998, 171-181.
[5]. Jun Tang, NingLi, Yong Wu, and YingningPeng, On Detection Performance of MIMO Radar: A Relative Entropy-Based Study, IEEE Signal Processing Letters,16 (3),2009, 184-187.

In this work, itwas qualitative measuredthe microstructure of the HAZ(Heat Affected Zone)and WZ(Weld Zone) of AISI 304L Stainless Steel by the GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) processpulsed,using the singlebead-on- plate procedure.For this purpose,was used GMAW process (Gas Metal Arc Welding) was in singlepass deposition on plate of this steel 304L. After the welding process it was observed that the transfer occurred (metal transfer)exercised important effect on some on some properties of the weld joint, such as directing of the grains, inter dendritic spacing and microhardnessVickersduring the welding. In the Centre of the weld bead,heat flow and dendritics structures andthe microstructure is predominantly ferrite and with austeniticas lines because the steel is predominantly austenitic.Growth in weld joints is, being an epitaxial phenomenon, where the grains of the WZ increase with the same crystalline orientation of the grains of the HAZ, as if the grains were planted in BM.

Keywords: Weld, process GMAW, dendrites, heat flow.

[1]. Demarque, R., Castro, J.A., Xavier, C.R., Almeida,D.S.S., Marcelo, C.J., Queiroz,A.V., Numerical and Experimental Study of the Properties of Welded Joints of Rebar by MIG, XLI CONSOLDA – Congresso Nacional de Soldagem, ABS, Salvador-BA, Brasil, 2015.
[2]. Ronqueti, L.A., Effect of the metal transfer mode on the thermal and metallurgical changes behavior in GMAW welding of AISI 304 and 316 austenitic steels used in nuclear facilities, master's thesis, Indústiral Metallurgical Engineering School of Volta Redonda, PPGEM,UFF, p 1-163, 2014.
[3]. Almeida, S.S., Experimental and numerical evaluation of weldability of 2205 duplex stainless steels and superduplex 2507, master's thesis, Indústiral Metallurgical Engineering School of Volta Redonda, PPGEM, UFF, p 1-147, 2014.
[4]. Chandra, B,R., Arul, S., Sellamuthu, R., Effect the electrode diameter and input current on gas tungsten arc welding heat distribution parameters, Procedia Materials Science 5, p 2369-2375, 2014.
[5]. Nogueira, M.R., Carvalho, D.B., Moreira, A.L., Dias Filho; J.M., Rocha, O.L.,Espaçamentosdendríticos primários da liga Sn-5%Pb solidificada direcionalmente em um sistema horizontal, Revista matéria, V17, N.2, ISSN 1517-7076 artigo 11472, pp.1009-1023, 2012.

The CFD based earth air tunnel heat exchanger modelling is validated by taking the observations of an actual earth air tunnel heat exchanger fabricated at Ajmer (Western India). The experimental observations was taken on March 12, 2009 and repeated on April 08, 2009 at Ajmer. The experiment flow of air is made through the material of PVC and steel pipes separately. The two horizontal cylindrical pipes of 0.15 m inner diameter with the buried length of 23.42 m made up of PVC and mild steel pipes and buried at a depth of 2.7 m in a flat land with dry soil. The two pipes viz. PVC and steel are connected to common intake and outlet manifold for air passage. The observations were taken for flow velocities 5 m/s.............

Keywords: Thermal conductivity, CFD, Temperature, Velocity, Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger.

[1]. T. S. Bisoniya, A. Kumar, and P. Baredar, "Experimental and analytical studies of earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) systems in India: a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 19, pp. 238–246, 2013.

[2]. V. Bansal, R. Misra, G. D. Agrawal, and J. Mathur, "Performance analysis of earth-pipe-air heat exchanger for winter heating," Energy and Buildings, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1151–1154, 2009.

[3]. V. Bansal, R. Misra, G. D. Agrawal, and J. Mathur, "Performance analysis of earth-pipe-air heat exchanger for summer cooling," Energy and Buildings, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 645–648, 2010.

[4]. N. K. Bansal, M. S. Sodha, and S. S. Bharadwaj, "Performance of Earth-air tunnel system," International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 333–345, 1983. S. S. Bharadwaj and N. K. Bansal, "Temperature distribution inside ground for various surface conditions," Building and Environment, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 183–192, 1981.

This paper presents classification techniques for analyzing mushroom dataset. Artificial Mushroom dataset is composed of records of different types of mushrooms, which are edible or non- edible. Aritificial Neural Network and Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy inference system are used for implementation of the classification techniques. Different techniques used for classification like ANN, ANFIS and Naïve Bayes are used to categorize different mushrooms as edible or non-edible. The performance of the different techniques is evaluated using accuracy, MAE, kappa statistic. After analyzing the results it was found that Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy inference System outperformed the other techniques with highest accuracy, lowest mean absolute error and ANN is the second best performer. If size of training set is increased, the accuracy also increased with respect to training set.

Keywords: Accuracy , ANN, Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy Inference system, Classification , MSE ,Kappa statistic

[1]. S. Beniwal, and B. Das, "Mushroom classification using Data Mining Techniques", International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 6(1): (B), 2015, 1170-1176,.
[2]. R. Bala ,D. Kumar, "Classification Usin ANN: A Review" , International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, Vol.13, 2017, 1811-1820.
[3]. J. Han and M. Kamber, Data mining: concepts and techniques, 2nd ed. Amsterdam ; Boston : San Francisco, CA: Elsevier ; Morgan Kaufmann, 2006.
[4]. A. D. Wilson, "Diverse Applications of Electronic-Nose Technologies in Agriculture and Forestry", Sensors 2013, 13, 2013,2295-2348.
[5]. Z. Peterlin, Y. Li, G. Sun, R. Shah, S. Firestein,K. Ryan, "The importance of odorant conformation to the binding and activation of a representative olfactory receptor" Chem. Biol.Vol. 15, 2008, 1317–1327.

The Term E-Waste (Electronic Waste) is a growing severe threat to the mankind which causes serious health hazards, many countries have adopted several techniques in handling these E-wastes, and still the research is in progress. This paper suggests CSPR – Collection, segregation, Processing and Recycling of Ewaste with the help of cloud environment. The paper narrates three predominant activities like E-Waste Accumulators (EWAs), Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and E-Waste Analyzing Sectors (EWAs), by which one can easily segregate the E-waste based on its type, study and may reuse or dispose the E-waste.

Keywords: E-Waste, WEEE, Hazards, EWA, CSP, PCB, Cloud.

[1]. E-Waste Management, Disposal and Its Impacts on the EnvironmentSivakumaran Sivaramanan Universal Journal of Environmental Research and TechnologyAll Rights Reserved Euresian Publication © 2013 eISSN 2249 0256Available Online at: www.environmentaljournal.org2013 Volume 3, Issue 5: 531-537
[2]. http://www.wastemanagement.in/sources-of-e-waste.html
[3]. ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND OPTIONS FOR E-WASTES MANAGEMENT, *Ramachandra T.V., * Saira Varghese K.
[4]. E-Waste Management in India, E. Yoheeswaran, Volume : 2 | Issue : 4 | April 2013 • ISSN No 2277 – 8160.
[5]. A Review on E-waste Management and Recycling Challenges in India", Ms. NeethuLukose, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 3, March-2015 18 ISSN 2229-5518.

The aim of this paper is to find the characteristics of the empirical cumulative distribution function of grown crack size depending on the maximum fatigue loads in AZ31 magnesium alloy. The grown crack data required to estimate the empirical cumulative distribution function and to analyze its probabilistic characteristic are obtained from the fatigue crack propagation experiments. These experiments are carried out on the duplicated compact tension specimens in three different maximum fatigue loads. The 3-parameter Weibull distribution is used to estimate the empirical cumulative distribution function. The slope and the tails of the empirical cumulative distribution function are affected by maximum fatigue load and fatigue crack propagation cycle

Keywords: AZ31, Empirical cumulative distribution function, Fatigue crack propagation, Grown crack size, Maximum fatigue load

[1]. A. Bolchoun, J. Baumgartner, and H. Kaufmann, A new method for fatigue life evaluation under out-ofphase variable amplitude loadings and its application to thin-walled magnesium welds, International Journal of Fatigue 101, 2017, 159-168.
[2]. R.K. Singh Raman, Shervin Eslami Harandi, Resistance of Magnesium Alloys to Corrosion Fatigue for Biodegradable Implant Applications: Current Status and Challenges, Materials 10(11), 2017, 1316.
[3]. W. Zhang, H. Liu, Q. Wang, J. He, A fatigue life prediction method based on strain intensity factor, Materials 10(7), 2017, 689.
[4]. S.H. Park, S.-G. Hong, J.-H. Lee, S.-H. Kim, Y.-R. Cho, J. Yoon, and C.S. Lee, Effects of pre-tension on fatigue behavior of rolled magnesium alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A 680(5), 2017, 351-358.
[5]. M. Klein, X. Lu, C. Blawert, K.U. Kainer, M.L. Zheludkevich, and F. Walther, Influence of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on fatigue performance of AZ31 Mg alloy, Materials and Corrosion 68(1),

This paper presents classification techniques for analyzing mushroom dataset. Artificial Mushroom dataset is composed of records of different types of mushrooms, which are edible or non- edible. Aritificial Neural Network and Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy inference system are used for implementation of the classification techniques. Different techniques used for classification like ANN, ANFIS and Naïve Bayes are used to categorize different mushrooms as edible or non-edible. The performance of the different techniques is evaluated using accuracy, MAE, kappa statistic. After analyzing the results it was found that Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy inference System outperformed the other techniques with highest accuracy, lowest mean absolute error and ANN is the second best performer. If size of training set is increased, the accuracy also increased with respect to training set.

Keywords: Accuracy, ANN, Adaptive Nuero Fuzzy Inference system, Classification , MSE ,Kappa statistic

[1] S. Beniwal, and B. Das, "Mushroom classification using Data Mining Techniques", International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 6(1): (B), 2015, 1170-1176,.

[2] R. Bala ,D. Kumar, "Classification Usin ANN: A Review" , International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, Vol.13, 2017, 1811-1820.
[3] J. Han and M. Kamber, Data mining: concepts and techniques, 2nd ed. Amsterdam ; Boston : San Francisco, CA: Elsevier ; Morgan Kaufmann, 2006.
[4] A. D. Wilson, "Diverse Applications of Electronic-Nose Technologies in Agriculture and Forestry", Sensors 2013, 13, 2013,2295-2348.
[5] Z. Peterlin, Y. Li, G. Sun, R. Shah, S. Firestein,K. Ryan, "The importance of odorant conformation to the binding and activation of a representative olfactory receptor" Chem. Biol.Vol. 15, 2008, 1317–1327.

Image compression is one of the main task in saving storage requirements and conserving transmission Bandwidth. In this paper, an Image compression based on wavelet transform is proposed to reduce the bit rate for compressing satellite Images. The variable bit rate is obtained using variable thresholding of wavelet coefficients. Some images from LANSAT 8 are compressed and the image quality metrics bits perpixel, PSNR is verified. The proposed method performs better for low bitrate applications in terms of PSNR.

Keywords: Compression ratio, Landsat 8, PSNR, wavelet

[1] G.K wallace "The JPEG still picture compression standard "IEEE transactions on consumer eletronics ,vol 38,issue1,pp xviii-xxxiv,1992.
[2] ISO/IEC 15444-1:2000(E), "Information technology-JPEG 2000 image coding system-Part 1: Core coding system", 2000.
[3] N.Otsu Ä threshold selection method from gray level histograms" IEEE Transactions on system, Man and cybernetics,vol9 pp62-66,1979.

[4] Sujoy Paul,BItan Bandyopadhyay "A Novel approach for Image compression Based on Multi-level image Thresholding using shannon Entropy and Differential evolution " Proceeding of the 2014 IEE students Technology Symposium.
[5] R.Storm , K.Price,Differential evolution a simple and efficient heuristics for global optimization over continuous spaces of "journal of global opimization vol.11 pp341-359,1997.

Multiplexing of signals enables the usage of same channel for multiple signals at the same time. Among multiplexing schemes, Time division multiplexing is one of the fundamental and basic multiplexing scheme. TDM was utilized in popular T1 carrier system, which transfers voice signals in a single channel. TDM divides the total time scale into serial slots, where these slots are used to carry samples of signals in a round robin manner. When the TDM signal is presented to channel, the noise in channel, effects the signal over some time, or some frequency with certain effect on amplitude. Hence, when the TDM signal is attacked by noise, few samples of few or all the base signals may be effected by noise. The solution to this problem was in many forms. But all these forms takes the TDM signal as a base or whole signal as a unit, and run the denoising schemes.............

Keywords: Adaptive filter, ECG, De-noising, Multirate filter, Wavelet packet

[1] M B. Widrow and M. E. Hoff, "Adaptive switching circuits," WESCOM Conv. Rec., pt. 4, pp.96-140, 1960.
[2] B.Widrow, J. M. McCool, M. G. Larimore, and C. R. Johnson, Jr., "Stationary and nonstationary learning characteristics of the LMS adaptive filters," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 64, pp.1151-1162, Aug. 1976.
[3] G. Ungerboeck, "Theory on the speed of convergence in adaptive equalizers for digital communication," IBM Journal on Research and Development, vol. 16, pp. 546-555, Nov. 1972.
[4] Qi Zhang, Yuancheng Yao, Mingwei Qin, "An Uncorrelated Variable Step-size LMS Adaptive Algorithm", Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, VOL. 3, NO.11 Nov, 2012.
[5] J. E. Mazo, "On the independence theory of equalizer convergence," The Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 58, pp. 963-993, May 1979.

In any industry, quality control is an essential and inevitable part of the process. Defect detection in paper is one of the most important quality control measures in the paper manufacturing process. This work aims at identifying the spots and tracking down the holes in the paper. The use of Image processing and Laser sensor is a dominant technology to recognize defect in the paper. The existing methodology is based on the scanning slide concept. This uses a scanning slide and detects the black spots as it moves from one end to another. The main drawback in this technique is that the spots on one end of the paper are missed when the scanner is on the other end. The proposed methodology aims at a fast and precise solution for detection of defects. In this method, laser sensors and high definition camera are introduced to sense micron sized spots and minute holes in the paper. The results show a considerable improvement in terms of precision and speed when compared to the existing methodology. This work is successful in detecting the defects and hence improving the quality of paper.

Keywords: Paper, Scanning slide concept, Camera, Black spots, Raspberrypi.

[1]. Michal Irani,"Matching Local Self-Similarities across Images and Videos", IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2007.
[2]. F. Fekri, R.M. Mersereau, R.W. Schafer, "A Generalized Interpolative VQ Method for Jointly Optimal Quantization and Interpolation of Images", IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 2657-2660, 1998
[3]. HalimiAbdellah, Roukhe Ahmed, OuhmadSlimane, "Defect Detection and Identification in Textile Fabric by SVM Method", IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), Vol. 04, Issue 12, December 2014
[4]. Hema L. Chavan., Santosh A. Shinde, "A Review on Application of Image Processing for Automatic Inspection" ,International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 4 Issue 11, November 2015

Strategic bidding issues in electricity markets are extensively investigated in power systems, often by modeling multifaceted bi-level optimization issues, which are hard enough to resolve. The conventional approach for resolving such issues is to redesign them as MILPs. Anyhow, the computational time of such MILP modelings rises considerably, once there is an increase in the size of network. In addition, scheduling horizon also rises, and randomness is taken into account. This survey intends to review various topics to solve strategic bidding issues. Accordingly, the algorithmic classification for the surveyed papers was analyzed and portrayed. In addition, the performance measures and the maximum performance achievements are also analyzed and demonstrated in this survey.

Keywords: Strategic bidding; MILP; GENCO; Bid price; classification.

[1]. Forhad Zaman, Saber M. Elsayed, Tapabrata Ray, Ruhul A. Sarker, "Co-evolutionary approach for strategic bidding in competitive electricity markets", Applied Soft Computing, vol. 51, pp. 1-22, February 2017.
[2]. Gregory Steeger, Steffen Rebennack, "Dynamic convexification within nested Benders decomposition using Lagrangian relaxation: An application to the strategic bidding problem", European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 257, no. 2, pp. 669-686, 1 March 2017.
[3]. A. E. Clements, A. S. Hurn, Z. Li, "Strategic bidding and rebidding in electricity markets", Energy Economics, vol. 59, pp. 24-36, September 2016.
[4]. Tiago Pinto, Tiago M. Sousa, Isabel Praça, Zita Vale, Hugo Morais, "Support Vector Machines for decision support in electricity markets ׳ strategic biddingNeurocomputing, vol. 172, pp. 438-445, 8
January 2016.
[5]. Mojtaba Shivaie, Mohammad T. Ameli, "An environmental/techno-economic approach for bidding strategy in security-constrained electricity markets by a bi-level harmony search algorithm", Renewable Energy, vol. 83, pp. 881-896, November 2015.

Improving the efficiency of MPPT is the major concern with the Photovoltaic (PV) power system. This paper reviews 18 contributions on PV power generating system under MMPT algorithm. The review follows on three categories: Methodology, Performance measure and best performance measure. All these parameters are validated and specified under diagrammatic representation and tabulations.

Keywords: PV power system; MPPT; MPP; Efficiency; PV energy

[1] F. Paz and M. Ordonez, "Zero Oscillation and Irradiance Slope Tracking for Photovoltaic MPPT," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 6138-6147, Nov. 2014.
[2] L. Tang, W. Xu and C. Mu, "Analysis for step-size optimisation on MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems," in IET Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 13, pp. 1647-1654, 10 27 2017.
[3] M. A. Morales Caporal, J. d. J. Rangel Magdaleno, I. Cruz Vega and R. Morales Caporal, "Improved grid-photovoltaic system based on variable-step MPPT, predictive control, and active/reactive control," in IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 2064-2070, Nov. 2017.
[4] N. Kumar, I. Hussain, B. Singh and B. K. Panigrahi, "Single sensor based MPPT for partially shaded solar photovoltaic by using human psychology optimisation algorithm," in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2562-2574, 7 13 2017.
[5] N. Kumar, I. Hussain, B. Singh and B. K. Panigrahi, "Single sensor based MPPT for partially shaded solar photovoltaic by using human psychology optimisation algorithm," in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2562-2574, 7 13 2017.