Energy Competence Is Increasingly Important For Future Information And Communication Technologies (ICT), Because The Increased Usage Ofict, Together With Increasing Energy Costs And The Need To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Call For Energy-Efficient Technologies That Decrease The Overall Energy Consumption Of Computation, Storage And Communications. Cloud Computing Has Recently Received Considerable Attention, As A Promising Approach For Delivering ICT Services By Improving The Utilization Of Data Centre Resources. In Principle, Cloud Computing Can Be An Inherently Energy-Efficient Technology For ICT Provided That Its Potential For Significant Energy Savings That Have So Far Focused On Hardware Aspects, Can Be Fully Explored With Respect..........

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Energy-Efficient Computing And Networking, Energy-Aware Data Centres, Energy Saving.

[1]. Hamilton, J. (2009) Cooperative Expendable Micro-Slice Servers (CEMS) Low Cost, Low Power Servers For Internet-Scale Services. Proc. 4th Biennial Conf. Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR), Asilomar, CA, USA, January.
[2]. Pamlin, D. (2008) The Potential Global CO2 Reductions From ICT Use: Identifying And Assessing The Opportunities To Reduce The First Billion Tonnes Of CO2, Vol. May. WWF, Sweden.
[3]. Accenture (2008) Data Centre Energy Forecast Report. Final Report, Silicon Valley Leadership Group, July.
[4]. Malone, C. And Belady, C. (2006) Metrics To Characterise Data Centre & IT Equipment Energy Use. Proc. Digital Power Forum, Richardson, TX, USA, September.
[5]. Hewitt C. (2008) Orgs For Scalable, Robust, Privacy-Friendly Client Cloud Computing. IEEE Internet Comput., September, 96–99

The Present Study Is Aimed At Determining The Viscosity And The Density Of Locally Produced Khaya Senegalensis (Mahogany) Seed Oil In Yola, Nigeria. Viscosity Measurement In Centipoise Ranged Between 60.70 At 30oc To 9.83 At 80oc And The Density Measurement Varied Between 0.9243g/Cm3at 30 Oc To 0.9110g/Cm3 At 80 Oc. All The Biodiesel Quality Parameters Examined In The Present Study Showed That Khaya Senegalensis Seed Oil Is A Good Feed Stock For Biodiesel Production And Reveals Its Usefulness In Electric Voltage Transformers.

[1]. Abdulhameed Hamza, Auwal Aliyu and Elisha Lemshaka (2012). Production of Biodiesel Via NAOH Catalyzed Trans-esterification of Mahogany Seed Oil. Advances in Applied Science Research. 3, 615 – 618. Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibary.com.
[2]. Adeyeye, A. K., Ajewole and Onasanya, L. O., (1990). Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Jatropha Curcase Seed Oil. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 33,436.
[3]. Adeyeye, A. and Ajewole, A. (1992). Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles of Cereals in Nigeria. Food Chemistry, England, Great Britain. 44, 41 – 44.
[4]. Ajewole, K. and Adeyeye a., (1991). Seed Oil of White Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidium) – Physiochemical Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition. J. Sci. Food Agric. London. 54, 313 – 315.

Material Parameters Of A Microwave Substrate Are Determined For Microwave Circuit Design. Reason Of This Publication Is Extremely Good Model Accuracy That We Have Achieved. Material Parameters And The Connector Model Can Be Used For Further Work.

Keywords: Ring Resonator, Material Parameters, Duroid, Circuit Modelling

[1]. Kai Chang, Lung Hwa-Hsieh: "Microwave Ring Circuits And Related Structures", Second Edition, Wiley, 2004
[2]. J. -M. Heinola; J. -P. Strom, "Evaluation Of Dielectric Properties Of Printed Wiring Board Materials By Using A Microstrip-Ring And Strip-Line Ring Resonator Methods", IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 23, No. 3, Pp. 23-29, May/June 2007
[3]. Tibor Rovensky; Alena Pietrikova; Igor Vehec; Martin Kmec, "Measuring Of Dielectric Properties By Microstrip Resonators In The Ghz Frequency", 2015 38th International Spring Seminar On Electronics Technology (ISSE), Pp. 192-196, 2015
[4]. Yuto Kato; Masahiro Horibe; Michitakaameya; Satoru Kurokawa, "Study On Measurement Method Of Permittivity For Low-Loss Materials Using Microstrip Ring-Resonator", 2014 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Pp. 280-282, 2014

In The Present Investigation Synthesis, Microstructure Study And Mechanical Behavior Of Micro B4C Particulate Reinforced LM29 Alloy Composites Have Been Reported. LM29 Alloy Matrix Composites Containing Micro B4C Particulates Were Fabricated By Conventional Stir Casting Method. The Microstructures Of The Composites Were Examined By Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy Dispersive Spectrographs. Further, Mechanical Behavior Of As Cast LM29 Alloy And LM29 – 3, 6 And 9 Wt. % Micro B4C Composites Were Studied. Mechanical Properties Like Hardness, Ultimate Tensile Strength; Yield Strength, Percentage Elongation And Compression Strength Were Evaluated As Per ASTM Standards. Microstructural Observations Revealed The Uniform Distribution Of Particles In The LM29 Alloy Matrix. From The Analysis, It Was Found That The Hardness, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield Strength And Compression Strength Of Composites Were Increased Due To Addition Of Micro B4C Particle In The LM29 Alloy Matrix. Percentage Elongation Of The Composites Decreased Due To B4C Reinforced Composites.

Keywords: LM29 Alloy, B4C, Microstructure, Stir Casting, Mechanical Behavior

[1]. Xiao-Hui Chen, Hong Yan, Solid-Liquid Interface Dynamics During Solidification Of Al 7075-Al2O3 Based Metal Matrix Composites, Materials And Design, 94, 2016, Pp. 148-158.
[2]. J. Hashim, L. Looney, M. S. J. Hashim, The Wettability Of Sic Particles By Molten Aluminium Alloy, Journal Material Processing Technology, Vol. 119, 2001.
[3]. Jayasheel I Harti, T. B. Prasad, Madeva Nagaral, Pankaj Jadhav And V. Auradi, Microstructure And Dry Sliding Wear Behavior Of Al2219-Tic Composites, Materials Today Proceedings, 4, 10, 2017, Pp. 11004-11009.
[4]. H. H. Kim, J. S. S. Babu And C. G. Kang, Fabrication Of A356 Aluminium Alloy Matrix Composite With Cnts-Al2O3 Hybrid Reinforcements, Materials Science And Engineering A, 573, 2013, Pp. 92-99.
[5]. G. Rama Rao And Padmanabhan, Fabrication And Mechanical Properties Of Aluminium-Boron Carbide Composites, International Journal Of Materials And Biomaterials Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2012, Pp. 15-18.

Plant pests and diseases are a chain of problems for farmers who are almost never broken and thorough. Every time always appear new variants of pests and plant diseases. Agricultural extension workers in their duties to assist farmers (farmer groups), but the fact that is in the field is still difficult to serve farmers if agricultural extension workers get various questions about pest and / or plant diseases and how to overcome. Gapoktan (Combined Farmer Group) which is a combination of several farmer groups in an area that needs to receive assistance from an agricultural extension worker. Focus group discussion (FGD) is a routine activity that must be done by agricultural extension to deliver various guidance coaching cultivation, as well as accommodate various questions submitted by farmer group...............

Keywords: Plant pests and Disease; Mitigation; Agriculture Extension

[1]. Andri Kristanto. 2008. Design of Information Systems and Applications. Publisher Gava Media. Yogyakarta
[2]. Anonymous, 2013. Agricultural Statistics Human Resources and Institutional Data Center 2013. Farmers and Agricultural Information System. Secretariat General of the Ministry of Agriculture
[3]. Jusuf Wahyudi, et.al., 2016. Information Systems of Extermination Plant pests and Diseases for Agriculture Extension. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology (IJCST) – Volume 4 Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2016
[4]. Novia, A., 2007. The Windows Applications with Visual Basic Enterprise. Publisher. PT. Elekmedia Komputindo. Jakarta.
[5]. Novi Dian Nathasia, 2013. Design Expert System Identification of Horticultural Crops Disease Prevention To Facilitate Hama. Journal of Information Technology. Volume 2. No. 2 of 2013. http: // lkppm. pradnya.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/6.-pakar-tanaman-168-180.pdf. Downloaded on April 24, 2014.

The Objective Of This Paper Is To Analyze Chemically Reacting Radiative MHD Flow Of An Incompressible Viscous Electrically Conducting Fluid Past An Infinite Vertical Porous Plate With Heat And Mass Transfer. The Governing Equations Are Solved By Using The Perturbation Technique. The Analytical Expressions For The Velocity, Temperature, Magnetic Field Induction, Concentration, Skin-Friction Coefficient, Nusselt And Sherwood Numbers Are Obtained And Results Are Explained Graphically. Applications Of This Study Arise In The Thermal Plasma Reactor Modeling, The Electric Magnetic Induction, And The Magneto Hydrodynamic Transport Phenomena In Chromatographic System And The Magnetic Field Control Of Materials Process. It Is Observed That The Rising Values Of The Magnetic Field Parameter And Thermal Grashof Number Decline The Heat Transfer Rate.

Keywords: Chemical Reaction, Heat Transfer MHD, Magnetic Induction, Radiation.

[1]. S.F. Ahmmed, M.K .Das And L.E .Ali, Analytical Study On Unsteady MHD Free Convection And Mass Transfer Flow Past A Vertical Porous Plate, American Journal Of Applied Mathematics, 3(2), (2015), 64- 74.
[2]. Dulal Pal And Babulal Talukdar, Buoyancy And Chemical Reaction Effects On MHD Mixed Convection Heat And Mass Transfer In A Porous Medium With Thermal Radiation And Ohmic Heating, Commun Nonlinear Sci Number Simulat, 15, (2010), 2878-2893.
[3]. N. Sandeep And V. Sugunamma, Effect Of Inclined Magnetic Field On Unsteady Free Convective Flow Of Dissipative Fluid Past A Vertical Plate, World Applied Sciences Journal, 22(9), (2013), 975-984.

Renewable energy resources (solar-wind energies), can be used for water pumping application in rural areas where the availability of grid is not desired. The output of renewable energies will be hybridized after stepping up to the desired voltage using DC-DC (Boost converter). A battery is used to maintain the DC voltage, when there is no minimum irradiation to PV, and wind speeds to wind energy system. Speed control is maintained by v/f method. Input to the three phase induction motor is fed from VSI with the application of SPWM technique. The system is simulated in MATLAB-Simulink environment and results for different irradiation and wind speeds with and without battery are presented..

Keywords: MPPT control, PV array (Photo voltaic array), SPWM technique, MPPT control, V/F control of induction motor, wind energy system

[1]. Brian D. Vick , Byron A. Neal "Analysis of off-grid hybrid wind turbine/solar PVwater pumping systems" USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, United States
[2]. Elgendy, M.A., Zahawi, B. ; Atkinson, DJ. , "Assessment of Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm Implementation Techniques for PV Pumping Applications", IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 3, issue I, pp. 21-33, Jan 2012.
[3]. M. A. Vitorino and M. B. R. Correa, "High performance photovoltaic pumping system using induction motor", IEEE COBEP'09 Conf, Sept 27- Oct 1 2009, pp. 797-804.
[4]. M. Arrouf, N. Bouguechal, "Vector control of an induction motor fed by a photovoltaic generator" , Applied Energy 74 (2003) 159-167.
[5]. David Sanz Morales Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms for Photovoltaic Applications

Anexclusive Diode Free Adiabatic Logic (DFAL) Based Threshold Inverter Quantizer (TIQ) Is Suggested In This Paperfor Implementationof A 3-Bit Flash Type Analog To Digital Converter. The Suggested Work Is Simulated With TSMC-65nm Technology On Cadence Tool. For Appropriate Implement Of DFAL-TIQ,It Is Requisiteto Have A Suitable Reference Voltage For Each Of The Comparator And It Is Done By Accurately Sizing The Transistors Of The Comparators. The Average Power Dissipated By The Suggested Flash Type Adcwhen Simulated At 100 Hz, 1.2Vpp And For 1ff Capacitive Load Is 5.53 μw, Which Is 66.03 % Lesser Than That Of The Power Dissipated By Flash ADC Containingconventional CMOS-TIQ Comparator.

Keywords: DFAL, CMOS, TIQ, ADC.

[1] A. Yukawa, "A CMOS 8-Bit High-Speed A/D Converter IC," In IEEE Journal Of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 20, No. 3, Pp. 775-779, June 1985.Doi: 10.1109/JSSC.1985.
[2] A. G. F. Dingwall And V. Zazzu, "An 8-Mhz CMOS Subranging 8-Bit A/D Converter," In IEEE Journal Of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 20, No. 6, Pp.1138-1143,Dec.1985.Doi: 10.1109/JSSC.1985.1052451
[3] S. M. Louwsma, J. M. Van Tuijl, M. Vertregt And B. Nauta, "A 1.35 GS/S, 10b, 175 Mw Time-Interleaved AD Converter In 0.13 Μm CMOS," 2007 IEEE Symposium On VLSI Circuits, Kyoto, 2007, Pp. 62-63.Doi: 10.1109/VLSIC.2007.4342766
[4] T. B. Cho And P. R. Gray, "A 10-Bit, 20-MS/S, 35-Mw Pipeline A/D Converter," Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 1994., Proceedings Of The IEEE 1994, San Diego, CA, 1994, Pp. 499-502. Doi: 10.1109/CICC.1994.379674
[5] Jincheolyoo, "A TIQ Based Flash A / D Converter For System-On-Chipapplications", Ph. D. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, Thegraduate School, Department Of Computer Science And Engineering, May 2003.

The present article aims to analyze and demonstrate that it is technically and economically feasible to optimize the design of the ground mesh in an electric station, considering as a parameter the fault-clearing time, according to the IEEE-80 standard, field experience and scientific literature, regardless if the event is internal or external. In this case the fault-clearing time is reduced from 0.5 seconds to shorter times, so that no fibrillation occurs in the human body and the values of the permissible touch and step voltages of the 220 kV station's ground mesh won't be compromised. For this purpose are considered the surface dimensions of a conventional 220 kV station according to the technical specifications of the national company ANDE. The rules listed in the IEEE-80 Standard and the introduction to the mathematical method for calculating the distribution of the potential gradient is the focus of this research. For the economic evaluation are analyzed the material and installation savings and the measurements of a ground mesh system using copper conductors.

Keywords: step voltage, touch voltage, fence voltage, ground mesh, short circuit

[1]. ANDE: Especificaciones Técnicas Nº 03.02.07.22 de Conectores de Sistemas de Puesta a Tierra, 2008
[2]. ANDE: Licitación Pública Internacional Ande Nº 262-2008, Especificaciones Técnicas, Construcción de la Estación Villarrica 220kV, 2008
[3]. ANDE: Plan Maestro de la Administración Nacional de Electricidad, 2013-2023
[4]. ANDE: Dpto. de Operación de Sistema, 2013
[5]. ANDE: Dpto. de Planificación, 2013

This Article Aims To Present A New And Sustainable Approach Focused On Power Generation From Wind In Paraguay, Specifically In The Western Region. In This Context Is Presented An Analysis Of Technical And Economic Feasibility, Whose Results Are Based On A Study Of The Wind Resource Available In The Region, Using For This Purpose A Weather Station Mounted In The Location La Patria. The Wind Data Measured At A Height Of 10 M Above The Ground Were Then Extrapolated To A Height Of 80 M Using Mathematical Models Available In Literature. Finally, These Data Were Correlated With Those From The Weather Station Of The Location 15 De Agosto Obtained By Baez (2011), Considering..............

Keywords: Wind Power Generation- Renewable Energy - Matlab/Simulink - Retscreen.

[1]. IEA: Key World Energy Statistics, 2014

[2]. A. Brizuela, J. Benítez Y M.E Castell: El Recurso Eólico En Paraguay, Fondo Argentino De Cooperación Horizontal, Instituto Nacional De Tecnología, Normalización Y Metrología (INTN), Dirección Nacional De Aeronáutica Civil (DINAC), 1997.

[3]. M. Villarrubia: Energía Eólica, Ediciones CEAC, 2004.

[4]. Dirección Nacional De Aeronáutica Civil (DINAC), 2013.

[5]. Www.Evwind.Com/2013/04/22/Eolica-En-Bolivia-Primera-Torre-De-Medicion-Para-Impantar-Parque-Eolico-En-Tarija.

ATC is a new demanding task for the engineers of power system in dealing with the safety of the power system. The evaluation of ATC has to be performed to guarantee the economic, secure, stable and consistent functioning of power systems. Owing to power system intricacy and alterations in power transaction, ATC has to fulfill certain conditions to equilibrate both commercial and technical issues. Therefore, this survey intends to review various topics on ATC enhancement. Accordingly, the various algorithmic classifications attained from the surveyed papers were analyzed and portrayed. In addition, the performance measures and the maximum performance achievements are also analyzed and demonstrated in this survey.

Keywords: Available transfer capability; Power grid; FACTS; TCSC; Performance measures. Nomenclature

[1]. T. Nireekshana, G. Kesava Rao, S. Sivanaga Raju, ―Available transfer capability enhancement with FACTS using Cat Swarm Optimization‖, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 159-167, March 2016.
[2]. M. Venkateswara Rao, S. Sivanagaraju, Chintalapudi V. Suresh, ―Available transfer capability evaluation and enhancement using various FACTS controllers: Special focus on system security‖, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 191-207, March 2016.
[3]. Saraswathi Ananthavel, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Sutha Shanmugham, Frede Blaabjerg, Viliam Fedak, ―Analysis of enhancement in available power transfer capacity by STATCOM integrated SMES by numerical simulation studies‖, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 671-675, June 2016.
[4]. Zhinong Wei, Sheng Chen, Guoqiang Sun, Dan Wang, Haixiang Zang, ―Probabilistic available transfer capability calculation considering static security constraints and uncertainties of electricity–gas integrated energy systems‖, Applied Energy, vol. 167, pp. 305-316, 1 April 2016.
[5]. K. Bavithra, S. Charles Raja, P. Venkatesh, ―Optimal Setting of FACTS Devices using Particle Swarm Optimization for ATC Enhancement in Deregulated Power System‖, IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 450-455, 2016.