A methodology for VLSI realization of signal processing algorithms for wireless communications is presented that optimizes architecture for reduced power and area. When power is limited, optimal architecture represents a point on the best power-area tradeoff curve that is obtained by balancing the algorithm throughput with the power-performance tradeoff of the underlying building blocks. Architectural optimization is done in the graphical Matlab/Simulink environment, which is also used for algorithm verification. Hardware description language produced by Simulink enables algorithm emulation on the FPGA and also serves as design entry for the chip realization. This is illustrated on complex multi-dimensional algorithms such as wideband MIMO channel decoupling through singular value decomposition (SVD) using 16 sub-carriers.

Keywords: Circuit synthesis, design methodology, architecture, adaptive signal processing, matrix decomposition, MIMO systems.

[1] T. Gemmeke, M. Gansen, H.J. Stockmanns, and T.G. Noll, "Design Optimization of Low-Power High-Performance DSP Building Blocks," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 1131-1139, July 2004.
[2] A.P. Chandrakasan, S. Sheng, and R.W. Brodersen, "Low-power CMOS digital design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 473-484, Apr. 1992.
[3] D. Markovic, V. Stojanovic, B. Nikolic, M.A. Horowitz, and R.W. Brodersen, "Methods for True Energy-Performance Optimization," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1282-1293, Aug. 2004.
[4] K.K. Parhi, VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems, New York: NY, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
[5] Y. Yi, R. Woods, L.K. Ting, and C.F.N. Cowna, "High sampling rate retimed DLMS filter implementation in Virtex-II FPGA," IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, pp. 139-145, Oct. 2002.

Plain carbon steel samples were coated non-reactively with brass by means of spray metal technique. Brass alloys with thicknesses of 0.75 and 1 mm were coated on plain carbon steel. The microscopic properties of the created surfaces and the boundary between the surface and the base steel were studied by optical microscope. In order to study the hardness of the coating, a micro hardness test was used. The results show that in an identical thickness of coating, with the increase in the energy of the device and the increase of the super melting temperature in the coating, the probability of formation of micro-porosity and cavity increased. Metallographic experiments showed that by increasing the thickness (in a constant input energy) of coating, the interface between the coating and the base steel became thicker and less porosity formed , which is one of the reasons for increasing the hardness by increasing the thickness of the coating.

Keywords: Metal spray, brass coating, micro hardness, characterization.

[1] Kang C, Lee H, Tae S, Cho Y, Jang H, Lee S. A prediction of the anticorrosion life in a steel applying Zn-Al thermal metal spraying method using an electrochemical experiment. Mater Manuf Process 2011; 26: 22–28.
[2] Han Seung Lee, Mohamed A. Ismail and Hong Bok Choe, Arc thermal metal spray for the protection of steelstructures: an overview, Corros Rev 2015; 33(1-2): 31–61, DOI 10.1515/corrrev-2014-0055
[3] V. K. A. Papyrin, S. klinkov, A. Alkhimov, V. Fomin (Ed.) Cold Spray Technology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007,
[4] M. K. Decker, et al. , Microstructure and properties of cold spray nickel, in: Proceedings, International Thermal Spray Conference (ITSC 2001), Materials Park, 2001.
[5] W. B. Choi, L. Li, V. Luzin, R. Neiser, T. Gnaupel-Herold, H. J. Prask, S. Sampath, A. Gouldstone, Acta Materialia 55 (2007) 857-866.

Money transaction systems such as ATMs and POS work based on verification of highly confidential PIN numbers.This traditional security system is vulnerable to shoulder surfing and theft. In this paper, a new security system to overcome this vulnerability is proposed. The proposed embedded system works by verifying the inputof OTPin accordance with Haptic vibration generated in the system. This embedded system secures the original PIN from shoulder surfing and saves the payment cards from being used illegally.

Keywords: Embedded system, Haptic Vibration, OTP, PIN security, POS

[1]. Athanasios Papadopoulos, EmreDurmus, Illusion PIN: shoulder surfing resistant authentication using hybrid images, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensic and Security, Volume: 12, Issue: 12, Dec 2017
[2]. SiddheshashokVaidya, Prof.VarshaBhosale, Invisible touch screen based PIN authentication to prevent shoulder surfing, Issue, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensic and Security, Issue: 19, Jan 2017
[3]. PriyaTawde, Dr.G. PrasannaLakshmi, Enhancing Micro-ATMs and POS terminals authentication system using advanced biometric techniques, IOSR Journal of computer engineering (IOSR-JCE), Volume 19, issue 4, ver.I JUL-AUG2017.
[4]. Toan Van Nguyen, Napa Sae-Bae, NasirMemon ,Finger Drawn PIN Authentication on Touch Devices, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering, New York, USA.
[5]. Yashraj S. and Prof Dr.V.V. Shete Biometric user authentication using brain waves, Inventive Computers and Technologies, Volume: 3, 26 Aug 2016.

Industrial sector plays important role in energy consumption. Sugar industries by its inherent nature consume considerable amount of energy for production of sugar viz generate the energy as co-generation. There is a need to promote recycle economy, energy generation, facilitating technological progress, reduce consumption, and protect the environment. Hence, energy efficiency and conservation should be viewed as new source of energy along with energy co-generation. Co-generation in sugar industry to produce excess power is a need of an hour. Sugarcane is an Energy rich crop and one ton of cane contains about 4500 MJ energy. This paper brings out an effect of increase in load factor due to Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) at Lokmangal Sugar Ethanol and Co-generation Industries Ltd. (LSECIL) having energy generation capacity of 31.5 MW.

Keywords: Milling plant, Load factor, Energy, Bagasse, Variable Frequency Drive (VFD).

[1] Sourena Sattari, Akram Avami and Bahare Farahmandpour (2007): "Energy conservation opportunities: Sugar industries in Iran‟, Proceedings of the WSEAS Int. Conference on Energy Planning, energy Saving, Environmental Education, Arcachon, France, pp. 120-126.
[2] I Singh (2001): "Energy Conservation - A Management Perspective‟, Transvaal Sugar Ltd., South Africa, Proc South African Sugar Tech. Asso., Vol. 75, pp. 266 – 271.
[3] G R Narasimha Rao' and M Naqaraian (2012): "Energy Efficiency in Indian Sugar Industries‟, Industrial Energy Group, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Southern Regional Centre, Bangalore, FAPCCI Review, pp. 9 – 15.
[4] B. P. Lavarack, J. J. Hodgson, R. Broadfoot, S. Vigh and J. Venning (2004): "Improving The Energy Efficiency Of Sugar Factories: Case Study For Pioneer Mill‟, Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 26.

In this study, utilization of whey for the production of milk clotting enzyme by Streptococcus lactis was carried out under submerged fermentation. Effects of different medium components for the production of milk clotting enzyme were determined under stationary and shaking conditions. Highest milk clotting activity was observed in the whey medium containing casein under shaking conditions. Central composite design experiments were carried out to examine the mutual interaction between the variables and to determine the optimal values that brings out high yield milk clotting enzyme. Maximum milk clotting activity of 0.4975 units/mg was obtained at optimum process conditions namely initial substrate concentration 29 g/l, initial pH 6.2, temperature 39.9ºC and biomass concentration 1.6 g/l.

Keywords: Milk clotting enzyme, Whey, Response Surface Methodology, Milk clotting activity, Proteolytic activity.

[1] Poonam, M. (2007) Incorporation of concentrated whey in the production of bun and pizza. M. Tech. Thesis submitted to NDRI Deemed University, Karnal.
[2] Gupta, V. K., and Reuter, H. (1993). Firmness and melting quality of processed cheese foods with added whey protein concentrates. Le Lait, 73(4), 381-388.
[3] Hugunin, A.G. (1987). Application of UF whey protein: Developing new market in trends in whey utilisation. Int. Dairy Fed. Brussels, Belgium, 135.
[4] Morr, C.V., and Ha, E.Y.W. (1991). Off-flavors of whey protein concentrates: A literature review. International Dairy Journal, 1(1), 1-11.
[5] IDF (2003). Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation. WDS Forum, 384: 20

To increase the life of the sensor networks, each sensor node has to conserve energy. Due to the fact that each sensor node has one battery energy to remain alive for long times, energy management is a one of critical issues in wireless sensor networks. In this paper we discuss about Pattern MAC (P-MAC) for wireless sensor network. The proposed Pattern-MAC (PMAC) protocols, instead of having fixed sleep wakeups, the sleep-wake up schedules of the sensor nodes are adaptively determined. The schedules are decided based on a node's own traffic and that of its neighbours. We simulate the proposed protocol in NS2 and we compare the results of SMAC, in-terms of Packet delivery ratio, Energy Consumption, End to end delay and throughput. We analyze the results with SMAC, based on the simulation results the proposed protocol have less energy consumption compare to SMAC.

Keywords: SMAC, PMAC, NS2,wireless sensor network

[1] M. Stemm and R. H. Katz. Measuring and reducing energy consumption of network interfaces in hand-held devices. IEICE Transactions on Communications, E80-B(8):1125–1131, 1997
[2] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, ―Medium Access Control with Coordinated, Adaptive Sleeping for Wireless Sensor Networks‖, in IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking, To Appear.
[3] Tijs van Dam, Koen Langendoen, ―An Adaptive Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks‖, in ACM Sensys Nov. 2003
[4] Rong Zheng, Robin Kravets, ―On-demand Power Management for Ad Hoc Networks‖, in IEEE Infocom 2003
[5] Rong Zheng, Jennifer C. Hou and Lui Sha, ―Asynchronous Wakeup For Ad Hoc Networks‖, in ACM MobiHoc 2003

A novel variation of pre-processing technique for Self Organizing Map (SOM) based clustering model has been proposed in this paper that uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality of a non-categorical dataset. It is proposed to use Radial Basis Function (RBF) as a pre-processing tool prior to application of PCA on SOM based model that helps in further reduction of dimension of a dataset than any normal PCA based model and also helps in improving the accuracy of the overall SOM model. The proposed pre-processing technique is applicable on datasets those are not linearly separable. The proposed clustering model is tested with the benchmark wine dataset and the same is evaluated with two existing principal component selection methods.

Keywords: Self Organizing Map; Radial Basis Function; Scaling; Linear Separability of Data; Principal Component Analysis.

[1] Neha D. and B. M. Vidyavathi, "A Survey on Applications of Data Mining using Clustering Techniques," International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), vol. 126, no. 2,, pp. 7 – 12, September 2015.
[2] T. Chandrasekhar, K. Thangavel and E. Elayaraja, "Effective Clustering Algorithms for Gene Expression Data," International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887), vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 25-29, October 2011.
[3] Jolliffe I. T., "Principal Component Analysis," 2nd edition, Springer, 2002.
[4] T. Kohonen, Self-Organizing Maps, Springer-Verlag, New York, 3rd edition, 2001.
[5] Swati Adhikari, J. K. Mandal and Parthajit Roy, "On The Strength of Self Organizing Feature Map for Clustering Non-Categorical Data" in Proceedings of Second Internal Conference on Computing and Systems-2013, pp. 89-93, September, 2013

The decisions to be made regarding public health during the planning process of urban areas are crucial for the sustainability of plans. While an industrial area located within city and accelerating urbanization can affect negatively public health, a green area usage can affect the latter positively. It is required to examine the spatial distribution of diseases which impact on public health in that process. The geographical information system (GIS) is a crucial scientific instrument for the formation of database about the variation of diseases, the latter's association with the causes, and monitoring the latter's spatial distribution. In this study, the spatial distribution of lower respiratory tract infections which are critical for public health in Konya city of Turkey and the former's association with air polluters (SO2 and PM) inducing the infection were examined by the means of ArcGIS 10.2 software. It is considered that this study would make contribution to local governments about how urban planning processes should be developed within the framework of efforts to protect the public health.

Keywords: Air pollution, GIS, lower respiratory tract infections, urban planning.

[1] C. D. Ahrens, Essentials of Meteorology an Invitation to the Atmosphere (Second edition. U.S.A.: Brook/Cole Publishing Company, 2000.
[2] G. Celikkanat, Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Improve Communication Strategies in Health Sector. Master Thesis, Marmara University, 2006. (In Turkish).
[3] T. S. Chang, R. E. Gangnon, C. D. Page, W. R. Buckingham, A. Tandias, K. J. Cowan, C. D. Tomasallo, B. G. Arndt, L. P. Hanrahan, T. W. Guilbert, Sparse modeling of spatial environmental variables associated with Asthma, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 53, 2015, 320-329.
[4] A. J. Cohen, H. Ross Anderson, B. Ostra, K. D. Pandey, M. Krzyzanowski, N. Kunzli, K. Guschmidt, A. Pope, I. Romieu, J. M. Samet, K. Smith, The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. Pt. A, 68, 2005, 1–7.
[5] Delfino R. J., Zeiger R. S., Seltzer J. M., Street D. H., Matteucci R. M., Anderson P. R., Koutrakis P., The effect of outdoor fungal spore concentrations on daily asthma severity, Environ. Health Perspect, 105, 1997, 622–635.

Human factor issues leading to poor performance and human errors are evidently the dominant and common cause for a high number of accidents in the marine transportation sector. Attempts in the last few decades to resolve and eliminate these human factor issues appears to be complex given the very unpredictable nature of humans and the tendency of being prone to making mistakes either intentionally or unintentionally. This paper proposes a novel systematic approach for analysing marine accidents and performing accident investigations..............

Keywords: Collision, Allision, Grounding, Forensic engineering, Geographical area, Human factor, Less Serious, Cargo ship

[1] AGCS (2012) Safety and Shipping 1912-2012 From Titanic to Costa Concordia, An Insurer‟s perspective from Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty AG Available from: http://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/Reports/AGCS_safety_and_shipping report.pdf [Accessed 09 August 2016].
[2] Baker, C.C, and McCafferty, D.B. (2005) Accident Database Review of Human-Element Concerns: What do the results mean for Classification?. International Conference Human Factors in Ship Design, Safety & Operations, 23-24 February 2005, London, UK.
[3] Baker, C.C, and Seah, A.K. (2004) Maritime Accidents and Human Performance: the Statistical Trail. ABS Technical Papers 2004. Available from : www.eagle.org [Accessed 19 February 2013].

Securing information in any organization has become a key issue in the current digital age. Secondary schools, having adopted information systems to improve their effeiciency in service delivery are grappling with information security issues on the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. These issues span around the people handling and using these information. School management plays a key role in information in terms of awareness of security policies, controls and risks by all school members. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the committment of schools management to information security as a determinant of information security awareness. The principals and system administrators in 21 secondary schools with running information systems were investigated in the survey using questionnaires............

Keywords: Awareness, determinants, information security, management.

[1] Doherty, N.F. (2011). Information Security Policies in Large Organisations: Developing a Conceptual Framework to Explore their Impact; the Business School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.06.001. accessed on 11/05/2015.
[2] Gaible, E. (2008). Survey of ICT and Education in the Caribbean: A summary report, Based on 16 Country Surveys. Washington, DC: info Dev / World Bank. Available at hppt://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.441.html; downloaded on 2/04/2015.
[3] Albrechtsen, E. (2006), "A qualitative study of users' view on information security", Computers & Security , Vol. 26 No. 4 [accessed on 10 Nov 2017]
[4] Imszennik Jay; 2016; ISO 27001: Role of Top Management and Its Importance; https://www.schellman.com/blog/2016/01/iso-27001-role-of-top-management/ Jan 15, 2016.
[5] M. Siponen, et al., 2010, "Compliance with Information Security Policies: An Empirical Investigation," Computer, vol. 43, pp. 64-71.

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by electron beam evaporation under various accelerating voltages. The films deposited at lower accelerating voltage exhibited slightly high oxygen content. The crystallite size of films was increases from 17 to 23nm with increasing the accelerating voltage from 2 to 4kV. The root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of the films was decreasing with increasing the accelerating voltage. As increasing the accelerating voltage, photoluminescence (PL) peak intensity increased and an additional peak was observed at 539nm (2.3eV). The films deposited at accelerating voltage of 4kV exhibited highest transmittance of 79% with electrical resistivity of 31Ωcm.

Keywords: Accelerating Voltage, Cuprous Oxide, Electron Beam Evaporation, Thin Films

[1] X. Jiang, Q. Lin, M. Zhang, G. He and Z. Sun1, Nanoscale Research Letters 10:30, 2015.
[2] K. Lim, J.Parkb, D-G. Kim, J-K. Kim, J-W. Kanga, Y-C. Kang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 2012, 9054-9057.
[3] S. Dolai, S. Das, S. Hussain, R. Bhar, A.K. Pal, Vacuum 141, 2017, 296-306.
[4] Y. Hwang, H. Ahn, M. Kang, Y. Um, Current Applied Physics 15, 2015, S89-S94.
[5] Z. Jin, X. Zhang, Y. Li, S. Li, G. Lu, Catal. Commun., 8, 2007, 1267-1273.

In electrical systems, the objective of CEED issue is to search for an optimum schedule for the entire generators to reduce the functioning fuel cost when gratifying all types of parameters, namely, generation capacity factors and load demand balance factor. Anyhow, with the growing public awareness on the environmental issue occurred by fossil fuels, it is vital not only to be concerned for economic gain but also to deal with the emission issue of fossil fuels. As a result, the objective of emission must also be concerned. Accordingly, this survey intends to review various topics to solve CEED issues in system network. Accordingly, the performance measures and the maximum performance achievements are also analyzed and demonstrated in this survey. In addition, the algorithmic classification for the surveyed papers is analyzed and described. Finally, the research issues of the suggested model are also discussed briefly.

Keywords: EED; Generation capacity; Fuels; Algorithms; Performance measures.

[1]. Huijun Liang, Yungang Liu, Fengzhong Li, Yanjun Shen, "A multiobjective hybrid bat algorithm for combined economic/emission dispatch", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 101, pp. 103-115, October 2018.
[2]. A.Y. Abdelaziz, E.S. Ali, S.M. Abd Elazim, "Implementation of flower pollination algorithm for solving economic load dispatch and combined economic emission dispatch problems in power systems", Energy, vol. 101, pp. 506-518, 15 April 2016.
[3]. Karl Mason, Jim Duggan, Enda Howley, "Multi-objective dynamic economic emission dispatch using particle swarm optimisation variants", Neurocomputing, vol. 270, pp. 188-197, 27 December 2017.
[4]. Tiancai Wang, Xing He, Tingwen Huang, Chuandong Li, Wei Zhang, "Collective neurodynamic optimization for economic emission dispatch problem considering valve point effect in microgrid", Neural Networks, vol. 93, pp. 126-136, September 2017.
[5]. Haiping Ma, Zhile Yang, Pengcheng You, Minrui Fei, "Multi-objective biogeography-based optimization for dynamic economic emission load dispatch considering plug-in electric vehicles charging", Energy, vol. 135, pp. 101-111, 15 September 2017.