Electric Vehicle has received more attention as an alternative option to traditional vehicles powered by internal combustion engines running on fossil fuels. Automobile industries are targeting sustainable transportation in future. Electric motor plays an important role in electric vehicle. AC motors, DC motors, Reluctance motors are mostly used in automotive application. But BLDC motor is most suitable because of high reliability, high power density, high efficiency, low cost, lower weight and low maintenance requirements due to absence of brushes. In-wheel technology is new concept in which each wheel of EV is driven by separate motor instead of using central drive system. This paper presents developed model of Brushless DC Motor by using MATLAB/Simulink and performance characteristics of motor are observed during various loading conditions. Simulation results obtained from developed model are discussed which gives correct performance of model however it makes brushless dc motor more effective in automotive applications.

Key words: Brushless DC Motor (BLDC), Proportional Integral Controller (PIC), Electric Vehicle (EV), MATLAB/Simulink

[1]. S.Baldursson, "BLDC Motor Modelling and Control-A MATLAB/Simulink Implementation",Master Thesis, May 2005.
[2]. J. Larminie, J. Lowry, Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[3]. M. Jain , S. Sheldon, S. Williamson, "Suitability Analysis of In-Wheel Motor Direct Drives for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles", IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference, Montreal, Canada, 2009.
[4]. G. Nanda, N.C. Kar, "A survey and comparison of characteristics of motor drives used in electric vehicles", Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006, pp. 811-814.
[5]. A. Emadi, "Handbook of Automotive Power Electronics and Motor Drives", Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, 2005.

Paper mill industry has seen a lot of revolution since automation took place. Automation has led to reduced human efforts and also reduced costing of human labor, the advantage of automation is that controlled error techniques can be employed to remove any manufacturing error. Paper mill industry involves making paper from pulp then this processed sheet is passed through rollers in order to heat it and make it process-able for making paper , the sheet of papers are then cut according to the usage and application in which the paper shall be used. The proposed work presents an implementable technique for paper mill which will automate the process of paper mills and reduce human efforts. If the speed.............

Key words: Programmable Logic Controller, Induction motor, Paper mills

[1]. Guy. A Dumont, American Control Conference 1988 [2]. Aguliar- Rivera, N. 2016 et.al Advanced Engineering materials and modeling pp 121-163 [3]. Singh S et. Al Bioresources 2011, Vol: 6 Issue 1:154-177 [4]. Ayman SeksakElsaid et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 1, (Part - 4) January 2016, pp.98-104 [5]. Vaibhav Gupta et al. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018

India is constantly developing and with this scenario there also has been a great outreach towards urban and development of rural areas equally. Electricity is an important energy resource in present time, with this constant development new electric meters have been issued accounting to a huge number of users Everyday a large amount of meter connection requests are being placed. This infrastructure development has also brought a rise in cases of meter tampering been done to reduce electricity bills or taking illegal connections directly from poles. This increased number of electric meters also call for more manual labours to provide printed bills to users as well as take meter readings on a monthly basis............

Keywords: Smart meter , GSM , Anti-theft mechanism

[1]. Kamlesh Kumar Singh Shri A.G. Rao "GSM Based Smart Energy Meter Reading and Billing System using Arduino IJSRD ,Vol. 4, Issue 08, 2016| ISSN (online): 2321-0613
[2]. Rahman,et.al "Arduino and GSM Based Smart Energy Meterfor Advanced Metering and Billing System".(ICEEICT) 21-23 May 2015
[3]. Mrs. Mahalakshmi N , et.al "Design of an Intelligent SMS Based Remote Metering System for ACPower Distribution to HT and EHTConsumers", IJCERVol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 901-911, May June2012.
[4]. Khushbu V. Mehtaet.al,,"Advance Featuring Smart Energy Meter With Communication" EECS 2014 ISBN-978-93-81693-54-2
[5]. Bourdillon. O.Omijeh and Godwin.Ughalo, "Design and Simulation of Single Phase Intelligent Prepaid Energy Meter", Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, Vol. 4, No.1, pp. 17-29, January 2013.

This paper presents the implementation of novel bridge type solid-state fault current limiter with use of single series reactor acts as AC and DC reactor. The proposed scheme uses uncontrolled and semi-controlled power electronics switches bridge rectifier with the reactor. The reactor used works as dc in normal condition and ac in a fault condition. The advantages of this proposed scheme over other fault current limiter are reactor inserts negligible impedance during normal operation and insert high impedance during fault operation and other one is simple switching. When there no fault or in the pre-fault condition it operates in dc mode and in fault condition it operates in ac mode. The switching decreases transient recovery voltage and inserts large impedance during fault period. MATLAB/Simulink software is used for simulation of the proposed BSSFCL

Key words: Bidirectional dc/dc converter (BDC), dual battery storage (ES1 & ES2), Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCV/HEV).

[1]. J. Hill and K. Behrendt, "Upgrading power system protection," IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 32–42, Sep./Oct. 2009.
[2]. O. C. Onar, J. Kobayashi, and A. Khaligh, "A fully directional universal power electronic interface for EV, HEV, PHEV applications," IEEE
[3]. P. N. Vovos, H. Song, K.-W. Cho, and T.-S. Kim, "A network reconfiguration algorithm for the reduction of expected fault currents," in Proc.IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, 2013, pp. 1–5.
[4]. S.-H. Lim, H.-S. Choi, D.-C. Chung, Y.-H. Jeong, Y.-H. Han, T.-H. Sung, and B.-S. Han, "Fault current limiting characteristics of resistive type SFCL using a transformer," IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconduct., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 2055–2058, Jun. 2005.
[5]. J. Pourhossein, G. B. Gharehpetian, and S. H. Fathi, "Unified Interphase Power Controller (UIPC) modeling and its comparison with IPC and UPFC," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1956–1963, . 2012.

Relating with the existing high-voltage direct- current based on line commutated converter , the voltage source converter-based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) system has several merits, but the DC short-circuit faults because of the large discharge current of the DC-link capacitor makes VSCs are more prone to fault. This paper aims to summarize a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL), which can efficiently suppress the amplitude of short circuit current of the VSC-HVDC system. The SFCL utilizes resistance to limit the quickly rising current. Firstly, the study of working principle and operating characteristics of the SFCL. Secondly, the rules of parameters co-ordination are analysed in order to obtain the best current limiting effect of the SFCL .Lastly, a simulation model is established, and verification of the current-limiting effect of both the limiters and the parameters coordination.

Key words: Resistance superconducting fault current limiter, Parameter design, VSC-HVDC system.

[1]. D. Jovcic, D. van Hertem, K. Linden, J. P. Taisne and W. Grieshaber, "Feasibility of DC transmission networks," Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Europe), 2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on, Manchester, 2011, pp. 1-8.
[2]. J. Yang, J. O'Reilly and J. E. Fletcher, "An overview of DC cable modelling for fault analysis of VSC-HVDC transmission systems,"
[3]. Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2010 20th Australasian, Christchurch, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[4]. A. A. Elserougi, A. S. Abdel-Khalik, A. M. Massoud and S. Ahmed, "A new protection scheme for HVDC converters against DC-side faults with current suppression capability," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1569-1577, Aug. 2014.
[5]. C. M. Franck, "HVDC circuit breakers: a review identifying future research needs," in IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 998- 1007, Apr. 2011.

Low frequency oscillations, high torque pulsation are a major disadvantage of three phase permanent-magnet motor configurations. Choosing the proper number of stator slots and winding distribution as well as increasing number of phases are among the possible solutions for reducing torque pulsation. In this research work, we propose to investigate the comparative performance of a Multi-Phase PMSM with different rotor topologies by Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Modeling & Simulation using MATLAB. This will be verified by practical fabrication and testing. Also our research develops a guideline regarding selection of appropriate rotor construction of PMSM to meet different types of load characteristics. Some of the following issues shall be addressed while doing so. This type of work is not found in literature. It will help in selection of appropriate topology of the machine for various applications.

Key words: PMSM, FEA, MATLAB Simulink, Sensor.

[1] N. Levin, S. Orlova, V. Pugachov, B. Ose-Zala, E. Jakobsons"Methods to Reduce the Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet synchronous Machines" ELEKTRONIKA IR ELEKTROTECHNIKA, ISSN 1392-1215, VOL. 19, NO. 1, 2013.
[2] S. Ashok Subramanian , M. Murugan "Torque Ripple Minimizing of Pmsm Using Improved Hysteresis Controller " IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-ISSN: 2250-3021, p-ISSN: 2278-8719 Vol. 3, Issue 7 (July. 2013), ||V2 || PP 05-12
[3] M.J. Soleimani Keshayeh, S. Asghar Gholamian "Optimum Design of a Three-Phase PermanentMagnet Synchronous Motor for industrial applications" International Journal of Applied Operational Research, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 67-86, Winter 2013.
[4] Mohamed Kadjoudj, Soufiane Taibi, Noureddine Golea, Hachemi Benbouzid, Modified Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives, International Journal of Sciences and Techniques of Automatic control & computer engineering IJ-STA, Volume 1, N° 2, Dec 2007, pp. 167−180.
[5] G.Fabri, C.Olivieri and M.Tursini , "Observer-based Sensorless Control of a Five-phase Brushless DC Motor" , XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines- ICEM 2010, Rome

Single phase induction motor is widely used for low power applications and domestic purpose, but it consists with its own losses and low starting torque. Single phase Induction motor can be used as asymmetrical two phase Induction motor which will run with two phase supply with more efficient results. Two phase supply can be obtained from Scott-T transformer for which three phase supply is needed. This method have its own disadvantage, the supply leads to unbalance in the system. The efficient technique is to generate two phase supply is by using two phase inverter by using sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique. The 16 bit Microcontroller and Digital signal controller dsPIC33EP256MC202 is used for SPWM signal generation.

Key words: Two phase motor, two phase supply, Scott-T transformer, Sine PWM, 3-Leg voltage source Inveter (VSI).

[1]. K.Kaenthong, V.Tipsuwanporn, A.Numsomran and A.Charean "Asymmetrical Two-Phase Induction Motor Speed Controlled with 3-Leg Voltage Source Inverter," IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), pp. 640-645, 2015.
[2]. Jignesh Parmar. (2012, May 6). Scott-T Connection of Transformer [Online].Available: http://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2012/05/06/scott-t-connection-of transformer
[3]. Md Ayubur Rahman Khan and Md Quamrul Ahsan "Development and Performance Analysis of a Two-Phase Induction Motor in the Frame and Core of a Single-Phase Induction Motor," 8th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp. 469-472, Dhaka, Bangladesh, December. 2014
[4]. F.A.S. Neves,E.B.S. Filho,J.M.S. Cruz,R.P. Landim,Z.D.Lins and A.G.H. Accioly, "Single-Phase Induction Motor Drives with Direct Torque Control," in Industrial Electronics Society,2002.IECON 2002. 28th Annual Conference of IEEE, 2002, pp.241-246 vol.1
[5]. K.Kaenthong, V.Tipsuwanporn, A.Numsomran and W.Sawaengsinkasikit "Asymmetrical Two-Phase Induction Motor Speed Controlled with 4-Leg Voltage Source Inverter," IEEE 24th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), pp., 444 – 449, 2015

This paper contains waterless cleaning system method for solar panels. The solar panel system available for studying this work is inclined from top to bottom which provide a degree of slope to solar panels. The cleaning mechanism is placed on the main support frame to clean the surface of the solar panels which move upwards and downwards according to width of the solar panel and main frame. This operation is controlled by a control unit for the cleaning system of solar panels. The cleaning system removes the dust, dirt, sand and mass from the solar panel surface which results in improving efficiency.

Key words: Solar cleaning mechanism, DC Geared motor, ESP 8266, Limit switch, Proximity sensor.

[1]. Ashish Saini and Abhishek Nahar .Solar Panel Cleaning System. ijir.2017; 3(5):1222-1226.
[2]. M. Mani, R. Pillai, "Impact of dust on solar photovoltaic (PV) performance: Research status challenges and recommendations", Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 3124-3131, 2010. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org
[3]. "The Hidden Dirt On Solar Panels." The Hidden Dirt On Solar Panels. HELIOTEX, n.d. Web. Dec. 2012.
[4]. https://www.solarpanelcleaningsystems.com/protecting-your-investment.html
[5]. "How to Clean Solar Panels." WINSOL Laboratories. N.p., n.d. Web. Dec. 2012.

Manufacturers test thousands of distribution as well as power transformer at worldwide location each week. In this paper , I wish to give an overview about different test conducted in distribution as well as power transformer of rating up to 11KVA TO 25 MVA .Equipment use in testing single phase dimmer stat, multimeter, digital voltmeter, digital insulation resistance, tong tester, MCB, fuse, banana connector, switches, testing wire connecting wire Testing of any electrical equipment indicate the extent to which the equipment is able to comply with customer's requirements .In this paper testing of distribution as well as power transformer considered. A manufacture's own criteria have to be fulfilled in addition to requirements specified by customers and applicable standards.

Key words: Testing of banana connector, digital voltmeter, fuse, insulation resistance, MCB, single phase dimmer stat.

[1]. Anubhav Gupta, Abhinav Gupta, Testing of Transformers & Induction Machines, 5 April 2012.
[2]. H. G. Gerlach Harns Kull AG, Reaosant Power Supply Kit System For High Voltage Testing, NUARY 1991, CH-4552 Derendingen Switzerland.
[3]. Geno Peter. P, High Voltage Test Techniques, IEC 60060-1, January 2011.

Power ramp capability of a Photo Voltaic (PV) system is generally described by the number of fluctuations the system can withstand without spiking or sagging the output supply. This usually happens when there are sudden changes in input parameters of the system, due to which the PV cell's continuity is disturbed, and thereby there are ripple changes in the output power for the system. These outputs must be smoothened so that they do not cause ramp like behaviours in the system's outputs. In this paper we propose a novel Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based ramp control technique which uses Proportional Integral (PI) control for keeping a check on the output power. We compared the obtained results with the standard PV systems and found that the proposed system improves the ramp capabilities by more than 10%, and thus makes the output usable for the load grids.

Key words: Power ramp, solar, PV, MPPT, PI

[1]. M Ananthi, C Vennila ?Photovoltaic miniaturized scale inverter framework utilizing tedious current control?Vo1. 3 May 2014.
[2]. Avdhoota Trivedi, Falguni Bhavsar, Ajay Balar, ?Novel control methodology for matrix associated PV framework with receptive power remuneration and MPPT control?, Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2014
[3]. Suriana Binti Salimin, ?Low request sounds relief in network associated parallel PV inverters?, October 2014.
[4]. Zainal Salam, Toh Leong Soon and Mohd. Zulkifli Ramli, ?Application of decoupling Networks in miscreant controller for high recurrence connect inverter?, Vol 67, No. 3, September 2006
[5]. Zainal Salam, Toh Leong Soon and Mohd. Zulkifli Ramli, ?Application of decoupling system in killjoy controller for high recurrence interface inverter ?Journal-The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia, Vol. 67 , September 2006

In very little over 10 years, electricity power quality has fully grown from obscurity to a serious issue. Power quality is among the most things that's stressed and is taken into thought by power system utilities so as to satisfy the strain of power distributor and customers. At every passing day this issue has changing into a lot of serious and at identical time the user's demand on power quality additionally gets a lot of important. Therefore it's essential to determine an influence quality analysis system to observe power quality disturbance. Many analysis studies concerning the facility quality are done before and their aims of times targeting the gathering of information for an additional analysis, therefore the impacts of varied disturbances may be investigated. This paper deals with the implementation of IEEE..........

Key words: Artificial Neural Network, IEEE 14 Bus system, Power Quality Disturbance, Classification

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